Res. Plant Dis. 16(2) : 176-182 (2010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology g t, q» w sƒ ½y Á Á½ 2 Á yk 3 Á 4 Áy ³ 1 *Á½» ** š w w w, 1 w w, 2 û», 3 w, 4 w w Evaluation of Disease Occurrence by Cultivar, Sowing Date and Locational Difference in Korean Soybean Fields Hong Joe Kim, Ji Yeon Oh, Dong Kwan Kim 2, Hong Tai Yun 3, Woosuk Jung 4, Jeum Kyu Hong 1 * and Ki Deok Kim** College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea 1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Jinju National University, Jinju, Kyungnam 660-758, Korea 2 Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Service, Naju 520-715, Korea 3 National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon 441-857, Korea 4 Department of Applied Biosciences, Kunkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea (Received on February 17, 2010; Accepted on July 25, 2010) Occurrence of plant diseases is dependent on various factors in the agricultural system. Due to recent extensive environmental climate changes, i.e. global warming, agricultural systems such as planting dates and cultivars are being affected. Gradual transition in disease occurrence and incidence in the agricultural fields can also be affected by direct and/or indirect environmental changes. In this study, we evaluated disease occurrence and incidence in soybean plants to investigate whether it could be related with cultivars, planting dates and geographical differences in Korea in 2008. Soybean cultivars including Taekwang, Pungsan, Cheongja 3, Saeol, and Dawon were planted in four different dates, May 15, June 1, June 15, and June 30, in two locations, Suwon, and Naju. Soybean diseases such as wild fire and bacterial pustule were mainly found depending on cultivars, planting dates, and areas. Wild fire occurred severely on cv. Taekwang while bacterial blight did on cv. Dawon among tested cultivars. Disease developments of wild fire and bacterial blight generally decreased in delayed planting regardless of cultivars. KeywordsG: Bacterial pustule, Cultivar, Sowing date, Soybean disease, Wild fire»z ùy w» y w t w y ƒ ùkùš.»z ùy w š (Garrett, 2006; Gregory, 2009). w wù, *Corresponding authors Phone) +82-55-751-3251, Fax) +82-55-751-3251 Email) jkhong@jinju.ac.kr **Corresponding authors Phone) +82-2-3290-3065, Fax) +82-2-925-1970 Email) kidkim@korea.ac.kr w vw š. g, wì wù. g (Clemente Cahoon, 2009), g y z û w œ ƒ š (Reddy Yang, 2009). g w w. p w wš š ƒ g w» w wš. g w w e, w g w
w w. g ³ Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines w, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycines w, P. syringae pv. tabaci w, ³ w Septoria glycines w, g j (soybean mosaic virus). ¾ g w g w w ³ ü š (w wz, 2009). ƒ g w š š, k ³ ù, ³ x ƒ (Hokawat Rudolph, 1991; Hwang Lim, 1998; Kim, 2006). Hwang Lim(1998) w ³, 11 g t w ƒ NCPPB w 63 ³ 5. g z w ƒ ³ y w v w. w ³ s w g t k w ƒ. w g w w. q g w ³ PCR w w w w y w (Lee, 2009). g k» w vw dw (Park Lim, 1986; Wrather, 1997; Yorinori, 2005; Wrather Koenning, 2006), w w y w w» kw (Laurence Wood, 1978; Dorrance, 2003; Oh Kim, 2003).»z y w ƒ dw w.»z y y w 10 l (Manning Tiedemann, 1995; Coakley, 1999). t»z y» yk (CO 2 ), (O 3 ), ƒ ³ w y w w w (Manning Tiedemann, 1995, Bilgin, 2008). ƒ ƒw g j (Bilgin, 2008). ù, g ³ Fusarium oxysporum g g t, q» w sƒ 177 g y w ƒ û (Damicone, 1987).»z y w ƒ g w g e w w dwš w v š. ü g s (Kim, 2005), (Park, 2006), g (Kim, 2006) ³ š š, ³ w xk, š. g w w,, sww g w w w (Oh Kim, 2001; 2003). t g q» yw»z y w ƒ s ³ w. g e t, q» w w, k»z y wz g y w» y wš w. x s, t q». 2008» ( 37 o 29', 127 o 04') w û ù ( 34 o 58', 126 o 52') û» g s w. ƒ x j» ƒ 2.4 m 2.4 m š, 60 cm 15 cm 3 qw. x ƒ g t 3 w, e w., kÿ, t, 3y g 4 t, ù w 4 t t q w. ƒƒ g t s 5 15, 6 1, 6 15, 7 1 4z w g w w. sƒ. ƒ x g wš, 2 w w. w vw sƒ w x ü x ùkü (%) txw (American Phytopathological Society, 1984). sƒ 2008 8 30 9 29 2z w. m. g e t, q» w w
178 ½y Á Á½ Á yká Áy ³Á½» w m v SAS(Statistical Analysis System, Cary, NC, USA) Program package w. 2008» û ù g s w w w, (P. syringae pv. tabaci), (X. axonopodis pv. glycines), (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum), (Cercospora kikuchii), (Calonectria ilicicola), (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), g j w (Fig. 1). ù wš ù w ƒ ³ w vw sƒw. s. g s (wild fire) (bacterial pustule) ùkû, ƒ Fig. 2. 8 30 1 ƒ, 3y t t x. ù 5 15 6 1 q w kÿ t w. t 5 15 q w x w, 6 1 q w kÿ t (Fig. 2A). t w, 6 15 6 1 q w ù (Fig. 2C). 9 29 2 5 15 q w 3y t 8% ùkû, kÿ t 5 15 l 6 30 ¾ q» (Fig. 2B). ù z q w x. t t 1 2 e sƒ x ùkù. t y w. kÿ t» q w (5 15 6 1 ) 1 sƒ» w Fig. 1. Symptoms of various diseases occurred in Korean soybean fields in 2008. (A) Wildfire (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci), (B) Bacterial pustule (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines), (C) Fusarium root rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum), (D) Purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii), (E) Red crown rot (Calonectria ilicicola), (F) Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), and (G) Soybean Mosaic. Fig. 2. Disease severity (%) of wild fire (A and B) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and bacterial pustule (C and D) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in four soybean cultivars ( Chungja 3, Pungsan, Saeol, and Taegwang ) with four different sowing dates (15 May, 1 June, 15 June and 30 June) in Suwon in 2008. Disease severity was evaluated on August 30 (A and C) and September 29 (B and D), 2008. Data are presented as means and standard errors of three replication blocks.
ƒw ù, z q w(6 1 6 30 ) x ùkû (Fig. 2B). 6 1 q w kÿ 5 15 q w j, 6 30 q w 8%. sƒ w ù, 5 15 6 1 q w t 1 sƒ w (Fig. 2C). 5 15 q w kÿ t x û (Fig. 2D). ù s. s g w. 1 sƒ, 6 1 q w t x 58% ƒ w, 6 15 q w kÿ t x 17% ƒ w (Fig. 3A). ù 3y, t, t x ùkù. w z 2 3y, t t w ù,,, kÿ t y sƒ w w (Fig. 3B). ù s w. 1, t 4z e q» w š, p q Fig. 3. Disease severity (%) of wild fire (A and B) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and bacterial pustule (C and D) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in five soybean cultivars ( Chungja 3, Pungsan, Saeol, and Taegwang ) with four different sowing dates (15 May, 1 June, 15 June and 30 June) in Naju in 2008. Disease severity was evaluated on August 30 (A and C) and September 29 (B and D), 2008. Data are presented as means and standard errors of three replication blocks. g t, q» w sƒ 179»ƒ 5 15 6 1 q g ƒ ùkû, q» w. q»ƒ w 6 15 6 30 q w g 6.7% ƒ ùkü (Fig. 3C). t kÿ t w. t 5 15 q w ù, q»ƒ w w 6 1 q w kÿ ƒƒ 20.0, 16.7% ƒ w. 6 30 q w t x x ùkù. 2 sƒ, 3y q» x w ù, t t 1 sƒ» ùkû (Fig. 3D). t t q»ƒ 5 15 6 1 q x 36.0 32.0% ƒ ùkû. 6 15 q w t 10%, 6 30 q w x x w. sƒ w m w Table 1. ù w (P=0.0236), t (P<0.0001) q»(p<0.0001) w. w» sƒ» t y (P=0.0004) q» y (P=0.0015) w š ù kû. t q»(p<0.0001),, t, q»(p<0.0001) sƒ», t q» y (P=0.0014) w. ù (P<0.0001),» sƒ»(p=0.0009), t (P<0.0001), q»(p<0.0001) w, y w š., sƒ» q»(p=0.3330),, sƒ», q» y (P=0.5398) ù, sƒ», t q»(p=0.7220)ù, sƒ», t q» y (P=0.2908) w. š mw»z y ù g w k 3,
180 ½y Á Á½ Á yká Áy ³Á½». Table 1. Analysis of various factors on the occurrence of wild fire and bacterial pustule in Korean soybean fields in 2008 Source of variation Wild fire Bacterial pustule df SS a F value P value df SS F value P value Region b 1 982.04 5.17 0.0236 1 4836.75 47.67 <0.0001 Time c 1 340.26 1.79 0.1818 1 1143.17 11.27 0.0009 Cultivar d 4 42347.25 55.69 <0.0001 4 15488.65 38.17 <0.0001 Date e 3 14883.04 26.10 <0.0001 3 11831.14 38.87 <0.0001 Region Time 1 11.67 0.06 0.8044 1 1253.87 12.36 0.0005 Region Cultivar 3 736.90 1.29 0.2768 3 6551.57 21.53 <0.0001 Time Cultivar 3 3590.30 6.30 0.0004 3 1272.65 4.18 0.0063 Region Time Cultivar 1 2.22 0.01 0.9140 1 1190.93 11.74 0.0007 Region Date 3 2974.77 5.22 0.0015 3 1484.92 4.88 0.0024 Time Date 3 856.91 1.50 0.2135 3 346.83 1.14 0.3330 Region Time Date 3 8.40 0.01 0.9976 3 219.54 0.72 0.5398 Cultivar Date 12 43171.64 18.93 <0.0001 12 11612.36 9.54 <0.0001 Region Cultivar Date 9 6943.71 4.06 <0.0001 9 6636.47 7.27 <0.0001 Time Cultivar Date 6 4224.96 3.70 0.0014 6 371.56 0.61 0.7220 Region Time Cultivar Date 2 31.11 0.08 0.9214 2 251.47 1.24 0.2908 a SS = sum of squares, b Region is Suwon and Naju field in 2008, c Each data were assessed disease incidence at August and September in 2008, d Different soybean cultivars as follows: Taekwang, Pungsan, Cheongja 3, Saeol, and Dawon, e Soybean cultivars were sown in four different dates, May 15, June 1, June 15, and June 30. w 2008 g w y šwš w. t g. ù ƒ ƒ 4 t ( 3y, t,, kÿ ) 5 t ( 3y,, t,, kÿ ) g q w w. w ù, kÿ t ƒ, t ùkù. kÿ t ƒ w., ù g s œm kÿ t w. ù w š, t q w. ù, t,, kÿ t w wš, 3y ùkù. w, t w. w g t. 3y t t ³ w w t w. ù t t w w t ùkû. q» g.»z y g q» w w» mw g q» w. ƒ w kÿ g t, ƒ 5 15 q w s ƒ w, z q»ƒ. ù s 1 sƒ», t 6 1 q, kÿ 6 15 q w. ù w q» q w». q»ƒ ùkû. Wells II Williams 79 g t w g ³ ³(Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea) w w w (Park Lim, 1986). ù, 2000 l 2002 ¾ x g s bean pod mottle virus(bpmv) w g q» w w (Krell, 2005). Phomopsis sp. w g 1992 l 1994 ¾ t ƒ ù, q» (Wrather, 1996). flj g p Heterodera glycines w g t q»
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