Vol.7, No.3, March (2017), pp. 163-171 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.03.80 농촌여성노인의생활만족도에미치는영향요인에관한연구 지역에거주하는농촌여성노인을중심으로 정정화이재모 요약 본연구는농촌여성노인들의생활만족에영향을미치는요인을파악하여농촌여성노인들의생활만족도를향상시킬수있는사회복지실천방안을논의하고자하였다본연구의대상은지역에거주하는농촌여성노인명을대상으로년월일부터년월일까지이루어졌다본연구결과농촌여성노인의생활만족도에미치요인을알아보기위하여위계적회귀분석을한결과를살펴보면농촌여성노인의생활만족도에는자아통합감 β 사회적고립감 β 우울 β 과인구사회학적변수인건강상태 β 가영향을미치는것으로나타났다표준화된회귀계수를비교하여볼때자아통합감이사회적고립감우울건강상태에비해높은영향력을갖는것으로보인다최종회귀모형의설명력은이었다따라서농촌여성노인의생활만족도에는자아통합감이큰영향력을가지고있음을알수있었다따라서농촌여성노인생활만족도에있어서자아통합감의역할에대한실천적접근방안을모색할필요가있다핵심어농촌여성노인사회적고립감우울자아통합감생활만족도 Abstract The study aims to discuss ways of practicing social welfare so that the elderly in the countryside may feel better life satisfaction by identifying factors behind life satisfaction of elderly women in the countryside. The study involved 196 elderly women living in local area K and collected data from May 1 2016 through June 30, which were put under analysis by using technological statistics and hierarchical regressions analysis. As a result, it turned out that such factors as gender, monthly income, depression and Received (January 24, 2017), Review Result (February 9, 2017) Accepted (February 16, 2017), Published (March 31, 2017) Copyright 2017 HSST 163
ego-integrity influence life satisfaction of elderly women in the countryside. Though both depression and ego-integrity were significant on statistical terms, a close look at comparison through the use of standardized regression coefficient shows that ego-integrity ( β=18.73.p.01) is more significant than sense of isolation ( β=.07,p.001) and depression ( β=.10,p.01). Thus, it is important to explore feasible approach to the role of ego-integrity in life satisfaction of elderly women in the countryside. Keywords : elderly women in the countryside, sense of isolation, depression, family function, ego-integrity, life satisfaction 서론 세계적으로고령화비율은년과년에이어이번에도세계위를차지한일본과이탈리아가독일이등으로이어지고있다년에우리나라의세이상고령인구비중은를기록고령화사회말기에접어들었고년에는고령사회로진입하고년에는로초고령사회에접어들게된다년현재세이상명중남성노인이명과여성노인명로많음을알수있다이렇듯여성노인이증가하고있어다른지역의농촌여성노인의생활만족에영향을미치는요인에대한연구은진행되었지만농촌여성노인의연령과월평균소득우울자아통합감에영향을미치는영향이무엇인지파악하는것이필요하다이연구는시에거주하는농촌여성노인의연령과월평균소득우울자아통합감등의원인을규명하고그구체적인실상을밝힘으로써향후농촌여성노인의생활만족도를위한다각적인농촌여성노인정책의기본자료로활용될것을목적으로한다우리나라의경우년에로고령사회로진입한것으로보고년에는로초고령사회에도달할것으로전망하였다그러나이미농촌지역은로초고령사회에진입해있다노인인구의증가는도시와농촌의지역간큰차이를보이면서농촌지역의고령화는더심각한사회문제로제기되고있다초고령화농촌사회는농촌여성노인의문제와직결된다농촌여성노인의경제적신체적사회적제도적인측면에서취약하고의존성이높은농촌여성노인이증가하고있음을알수있다년여성노인명당남성노인명으로여성노인의비율이훨씬높으며농촌여성노인의문제는생활만족도에대한연구의필요성이대두되고있다특히여성노인의경우신체적변화로인하여심리적정신적건강의문제및만성질환의발병률이높은것으로나타났다더불어여성노인은가정에서의역할이남성노인보다도큰것이사실이며여성노인이경제상태나건강상태에있어서도남성노인보다어려움이더큰것으로알려져있다농촌여성노인은농업에종사하면서체력소모가많고경제적어려움으로의료서비스를적당한시기에받지못하고신체적고통을참는경우가많아서만성질환률이높아건강상의어려움이있는것으로나타났다농촌에서의삶이힘에겨움은농촌여성노인이도시여성노인보다사회경제적측면및의료가더어려운생활을보내어여가생활에도어려움이있다노인의생활만족도는성공적인노후생활과밀접한관련이있으며성공적인노후생활을나타내는지표이기에생활만족도에미치는요인들을밝혀내는것은고령화시대의노인복지정책에서선결되어야한다 164 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 따라서다양한차원의요인들이농촌여성노인들의생활만족도에미치는요인을연구함에있어서각각의요인들이미치는영향력을검증하기보다복합적으로파악하는것이노인복지실천에더큰함의를갖는다고본다이에본연구는농촌여성노인들을대상으로우울자아통합감사회적고립감이농촌여성노인의생활만족도에미치는영향력을인구사회학적특성을고려하여요인을탐색해보고자한다본연구의구체적인연구문제는다음과같다 연구문제연구문제 농촌여성노인의사회적고립감우울자아통합감의수준은어떠한가농촌여성노인의생활만족도에미치는영향요인은어떠한가 연구방법 연구대상 본연구의대상은지역에거주하는농촌여성노인명을유의표집하여설문조사하였다이중부적절한설문지를제외한명을대상으로하였으며설문응답율은였다 연구도구 본연구의조사도구는사회적고립감척도를사용하였다문항구성은사회적고립감 정서 적고립감 사회적소외감 정서적소외감으로구성되었다측정도구의응답은점에서점 의 척도로구성되어있으며 의연구에서하위요인의 α값 이었다본연구에 서는사회적고립감의 α값은 로비교적높게나타났다 우울은역학연구용우울척도 를이용하여측정하였다 응답은아니오를으로예를점으로처리하고긍정적인감정을 측정하는문항비교적잘지냈다와불만없이생활했다는역점수화하였다본연구에서의신뢰도 α값은이다자아통합감척도는의심리사회발달이론에근거하여이개발한자아통합감척도로구성하였다개하위영역에총개문항으로점의척도로구성되었다의연구에서신뢰도 α값은였으며본연구에서신뢰도 α값은이다 생활만족도의도구는노인생활만족도에서요인분석과신뢰도검증을통하여도출된문항을사용한점으로하는척도로구성되어있으며의연구에서 α값은이며 본연구에서값은이다조사대상자가설문지의내용구성및이해용이성등의검증 α 을통해최종설문지를완성하였다상기의과정을통해완성된조사도구에포함된내용은표 Copyright 2017 HSST 165
에제시되어있다표연구도구의구성내용 변수조사내용문항수 α 인구사회학적특성연령학력종교보호구분건강상태사회적고립감독립변수우울척도자아통합감종속변수생활만족도계 자료수집 조사방법 본조사는지역에거주하는농촌여성노인명을유의표집하여설문조사하였다이중부적절한설문지를제외한명을대상으로년월일부터년월일까지일대일면접조사를진행하였다설문응답율은였다 자료처리 본연구에서수집된자료에대해연구대상자의인구사회학적특성에대해기술통계를실시하였으며연구대상자의인구사회학적특성사회적고립감우울자아통합감능의수준을알아보기위하여기술통계분석을실시하였고생활만족도에미치는영향을알아보기위해상관관계분석과위계적다중회귀분석을실시하였다본연구의자료는을사용하여통계처리를하였다 농촌여성노인의인구사회학적특성 조사결과 연구대상자의인구사회학적특성을분석한결과가표에제시되어있다우선연령은세미만이로세이상로보다높게나타났다학력은초졸이하가로초졸이상이보다높게나타났다종교는있다가로없다보다높게나타났다건강상태는건강하다가로보다허약하다가로높게나타났다 166 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 표 인구사회학적특성 항목 구분 빈도명 백분율 연령 세미만세이상 학력 초졸이하초졸이상 종교 있다없다 건강상태 건강하다허약하다 주요변수에대한기술통계 본연구의주요변수인사회적고립감우울자아통합감생활만족도에대한기술통계로분석한결과가표에제시되어있다주요변수들의기술통계로분석한결과를살펴보면사회적고립감은점만점에평균평점로때때로그렇다보다높은점수로나타났다이는농촌여성노인의경우사회적고립감을겪고있는것으로보인다다음은우울의평균평점로아니오를점보다높게나타났다이는농촌여성노인이우울이있다고해석할수있다자아통합감의점만점에평균평점로보통이다점보다낮게나타났다이는자아통합감이낮은것으로보인다생활만족도는점만점에평균평점이로보통이다보다낮은점수를보이고있다이는생활만족도가낮은것으로해석할수있다이러한결과는농촌여성노인들이가족기능은약간원활하나자아통합감과생활만족도는다소낮은것으로해석할수있다이는선행연구결과와유사하게나타났다 표 주요변수의기술통계 항목 문항평균 총점 최소값 최대값 사회적고립감우울자아통합감 생활만족도 Copyright 2017 HSST 167
사회적고립감우울자아통합감이생활만족도에미치는영향 연구대상자의사회적고립감우울가족기능자아통합감이생활만족도에미치는영향을파악하기위하여상관관계를분석한결과가표에제시되어있다 표 상관관계분석결과 항목 사회적고립감 우울 자아통합감 생활만족도 사회적고립감 1.52 ** -.57 ** -.59 ** 우울 1 -.59 ** -.62 ** 자아통합감 1.73 ** 생활만족도 먼저생활만족도와상관성을살펴보면자아통합감 우울 사회적고립감 순으로나타났으며통계적으로유의한 것으로나타났다생활만족도는자아통합감과가 족기능은정적상관관계를가지고있으나사회적고립감우울과는부적상관관계를가지고있는것 으로나타났다이는농촌여성노인의생활만족도는사회적고립감과우울이높을수록생활만족도 는낮은것으로볼수있다반면농촌여성노인의생활만족도는자아통합감이높을수록생활만족 도가높다고할수있다 자아통합감은사회적고립감 과우울 은부적상관관계를가지고있으며통계적으 로유의한 것으로나타났다이는농촌여성노인의경우사회적고립감과우울이있는경우 자아통합감에낮은것으로볼수있다우울은사회적고립감 과는정적상관관계를가지고 있으며통계적으로유의한 것으로나타났다이는사회적고립감이높은경우우울이있다 고해석할수있다다중공선성확인하기위하여 계수가 부터 이하로나타나다중공선 성의문제가없는것으로판단하였다 위의상관관계분석결과를토대로주요독립변수인사회적고립감우울가족기능자아통합감 이종속변수인생활만족도에얼마나영향을미치는지파악하기위해위계적회귀분석을실시한결 과가표에제시되어있다 표 위계적회귀분석결과 독립변수 β 모형 β 모형 168 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) 상수연령학력종교보호구분건강상태사회적고립감우울자아통합감 결론및제언 본연구는농촌여성노인들의생활만족도에영향을미치는요인을파악하여농촌여성노인들이만족할만한노년기를보낼수있는사회복지실천의함의를제시하고자하였다먼저기술통계분석결과를살펴보면사회적고립감의하위변수인사회적고립감은점만점에평균평점은로때때로그렇다보다약간높은점수로나타나농촌여성노인의경우사회적고립감을겪고있는것으로보인다이는선행연구결과를지지하고있다우울의평균평점로아니오를점보다높게나타났다이는농촌여성노인이우울이있다고해석할수있다이는선행연구결과와유사하다자아통합감의점만점에평균평점로보통이다점보다낮게나타났다생활만족도는점만점에평균평점이로보통이다보다낮은점수를보이고있다이러한결과는농촌여성노인들이가족기능은약간원활하나자아통합감과생활만족도는다소낮은것으로해석할수있다이는선행연구결과와유사하게나타났다둘째농촌여성노인의생활만족도에미치요인을알아보기위하여위계적회귀분석을한결과를살펴보면농촌여성노인의생활만족도에는자아통합감 β 사회적고립감 β 우울 β 과인구사회학적변수인건강상태 β 가영향을미치는것으로나타났다표준화된회귀계수를비교하여볼때자아통합감이사회적고립감우울건강상태에비해높은영향력을갖는것으로보인다최종회귀모형의설명력은이었다따라서농촌여성노인의생활만족도에는자아통합감이큰영향력을가지고있음을알수있었다이는자아통합감이노인의삶의질에영향을미친다는선행연구결과를지지하는것으로나타났다따라서농촌여성노인의자아통합감을향상시킬수있는방안을마련하여야한다 Copyright 2017 HSST 169
이러한연구결과를바탕으로다음과같이제언하고자한다첫째노년기의과업수행단계에서자아통합감형성은매우중요하다자아통합감은노의삶의질에영향을줄수있으며심리적변인에유익한변수이기에떄문이다지리적지역사회의강한공동체의식을통하여비공식적지지체계를강화가도움이될것이다둘째노인들의삶의질에미치는영향에서심리적요인이매우중요하다고볼수있다농촌노인들은지리적환경건강인구의감소사회적역할의감소등으로우울소외고독감등심리적문제가발생할가능성이높다고볼수있다그러므로자아통합감을증진시킬수있는프로그램개발이요구된다셋째농촌여성노인의건강을증진시킬수있는다양한방안을모색하여야한다농촌지역의경우의료시설의부족과교통편의미비등질병을치료하는것이원활하지못한실정이다따라서지역보건소및보건지소를통한건강관리에대한적극적홍보와교육과농촌여성노인들의특성을고려된건강증진프로그램이필요하다끝으로농촌노인에대한다양한연구가요구된다본연구의제한점은연구대상자의지역적한계문장이해력집단간의상이한사회적문화적경험을통제하지못한것으로볼수있다 References [1] The Kyunghyang Shinmun (2016). [2] Korean Statistical Information Service - KOSIS(2011, 2015, 2016) [3] MC. S. Shin, Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction of Elderly Women in Rural Area: With focus on Chung buk Jincheon-Gun, Department of The Graduate School of Korea Baptist Theological University (2010). [4] Y. M. Park, A Comoarative Study on the Perception of Successful Aging and Life Satisfaction Between Elderly Men and Women, Department of Family Studies, Graduate School Inje University (2011). [5] Y. J. Jeong J. S. An, Mediating Effects of Attachment to Children between Marital Intimacy and Successful Aging of the Elderly, Journal of Korea Gerontological Society, Vol.32 No.1, PP 185-206 (2012) [6] Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (2010). [7] E. Y. Lee, Depression experience process of the rural women elderly, Dept of Nursing The Graduate School of Hanyang University (2016). [8] H. I. Kang, Leisure activities of Old Women in Farm, -Hermeneutical Phenomenology approach-, The Graduate School of Ewha Womans University (2008). [9] H. Y. Lee, "A study on social psychological problems of victims and assailants of school violence. : For provision of school social work s intervention., The Graduate School of soongsil University (1997). [10] Radloff L. S., The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), pp. 385-401 (1977). 170 Copyright 2017 HSST
Vol.7, No.3, March (2017) [11] Erikson, E. H. (1963). childhood and society (2nd). New York: Norton. [12] J. S. Kim, study of social activities and ego integrity of the aged, Department of The Graduate School of Ewha Womans University (1998). [13] H. S. Oh, The Impact of the Individual and Environmental Factors on the Life- Satisfaction of the Elderly, Department of Social Welfare Graduate School, Taegu University (2003). [14] H. K. Kim, Gender Difference of the Influencing Factors on Successful Aging among Rural Community-dwelling Korean Elders, Journal of Korea Gerontological Society, Vol.32, No.3, pp.819-834 (2012). [15] H. J. Choi C. S. Kim, Self-Integrity of the Elderly and their Relationship with Children, Korea Journal of Population Studies, Vol.36, No.2, PP.89-103 (2013). [16] S. J. Lee M. S. Ko, Y. M. song, The Mediational effects of Self-Esteem and Social Support on Relationship between Alone-Living Elder's Isolation and Quality of Life, Korea Journal of Social Welfare Studies, Vol.16, No.4, pp.369-391 (2010). [17] M. J. Park, Social Isolation and Life Satisfaction among Low-income Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Sense of Community, Journal of Korea Gerontological Society,Vol.30(3) pp. 895-910 (2010). [18] H. R. Kim, Prevalence and Its Influencing Factors on Depression among Elderly Vulnerable People in Urban Community, The Korean Journal of Health Service Management, Vol.7, No.3, pp.275-286 (2013). [19] Y. S. Seo, The effect of participation in social activity of the elderly on ego integrity and life satisfaction, Department of Health and Welfare for the Elderly Graduate School DaeguHaany University (2011). Copyright 2017 HSST 171