www.cdc.go.kr/phwr Major food sources of Na and Ca in Korea : Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 37 41 45 46 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 37
Table 1. Distribution of subjects by sex & age. Sex Age group (year) Total Male Female Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Total 8,641 (100.0) 3,698 (42.8) 4,943 (57.2) 1-2 245 (2.8) 105 (2.8) 140 (2.8) 3-5 402 (4.7) 222 (6.0) 180 (3.6) 6-11 954 (11.0) 495 (13.4) 459 (9.3) 12-18 760 (8.8) 392 (10.6) 368 (7.4) 19-29 764 (8.8) 282 (7.6) 482 (9.8) 30-49 2,513 (29.1) 979 (26.5) 1,534 (31.0) 50-64 1,544 (17.9) 657 (17.8) 887 (17.9) 65 1,459 (16.9) 566 (15.3) 893 (18.1) KNHANES : Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Figure 1. Ratio of Nutrient Intake comparison to Dietary Recommended Intakes Dietary Recommended Intakes : Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (The Korean Nutrition Society, 2005)[2] - Energy : Estimated Energy Requirement - Na, K : Adequate Intake - Other nutrients : Recommended Intake 38 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC
Cereals 14% Fishes & shellfishes 6% Others 8% Seasonings 41% Seasonings 4% Seaweeds 4% Cereals 6% Legumes 8% Others 11% Vegetables 29% Vegetables 31% [Na] Fishes & shellfishes 17% [Ca] Milk 21% Figure 2. Major food group contributing Na and Ca consumption Total Male Female Others 1. Kimchi Others 1. Kimchi Others 1. Kimchi 10. Mixed soybean paste with red pepper paste 9. Noodle 8. Rice 7. Small radish kimchi 2. Salt 3. Soy sauce 4. Soybean paste 5. Instant noodle 6. Fermented red pepper paste 10. Noodle 9. Mixed soybean paste with red pepper paste 8. Small radish kimchi 7. Rice 2. Salt 3. Soy sauce 4. Soybean paste 5. Instant noodle 6. Fermented red pepper paste Figure 3. Major food sources contributing Na consumption 10. Sea mustard 9. Noodle 8. Rice 7. Instant noodle 2. Salt 3. Soy sauce 4. Soybean paste 5. Small radish kimchi 6. Fermented red pepper paste Total Male Female 1. Milk 1. Milk 1. Milk 2. Kimchi 2. Kimchi 2. Anchovy Others Others Others 3. Anchovy 3. Anchovy 3. Kimchi 4. Bean curd 4. Bean curd 4. Bean curd 10. Rice 9. Welsh onion 5. Radish leaves 6. Soy bean 7. Egg 8. Sea mustard 10. Rice 9. Sea mustard 5. Radish leaves 6. Egg 7. Welsh onion 8. Soy bean 10. Young leavy radish kimchi 9. Rice 5. Radish leaves 6. Soy bean 7. Sea mustard 8. Egg Figure 4. Major food sources contributing Ca consumption Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 39
Table 2. Contribution rate of major food sources of Na & Ca Nutrient Na Ca Food Amount SE* Rate Cumulative Food Amount SE Rate Cumulative Rank name (mg) (%) rate (%) name (mg) (%) rate (%) Total 4,553.0 48.4 - - Total 475.8 5.4-1 kimchi 910.2 20.3 20.0 20.0 milk 79.7 3.3 16.8 16.8 2 salt 796.6 20.1 17.5 37.5 kimchi 37.3 0.8 7.9 24.6 3 soy sauce 394.7 10.0 8.7 46.2 anchovy 35.4 1.0 7.4 32.0 4 soybean paste 289.1 9.5 6.4 52.5 soybean curd 26.4 1.0 5.6 37.6 5 instant noodle 198.7 9.7 4.4 56.9 radish leaf 14.6 1.2 3.1 40.7 6 fermented red pepper paste 184.8 6.4 4.1 60.9 soybean 10.6 0.5 2.2 42.9 7 small radish kimchi 167.0 15.3 3.7 64.6 egg 9.8 0.3 2.1 45.0 8 rice 134.0 4.2 2.9 67.5 sea mustard 9.6 0.6 2.0 47.0 9 noodle 87.4 7.3 1.9 69.5 welsh onion 8.7 0.3 1.8 48.8 10 mixed soybean paste and 76.7 5.6 1.7 71.2 rice 7.7 0.1 1.6 50.4 red pepper paste 11 salted sea foods 74.1 6.5 1.6 72.8 sesame 7.0 0.2 1.5 51.9 12 sea mustard 58.9 3.9 1.3 74.1 young leafy 6.2 0.6 1.3 53.2 radish kimchi 13 cubed radish kimchi 53.8 3.0 1.2 75.3 radish 5.9 0.3 1.3 54.5 14 fermented soybeans 50.5 6.4 1.1 76.4 loach 5.6 1.1 1.2 55.6 15 fish paste 40.8 2.8 0.9 77.3 soybean paste 5.5 0.2 1.2 56.8 16 milk 40.3 2.1 0.9 78.1 coffee 5.5 0.2 1.2 58.0 17 watery kimchi(radish) 36.7 4.9 0.8 78.9 yoghurt 5.3 0.6 1.1 59.1 18 seaweed 34.4 1.5 0.8 79.7 ice cream 5.3 0.4 1.1 60.2 19 buckwheat vermicelli 34.2 4.9 0.8 80.5 soybean sprout 5.1 0.2 1.1 61.3 20 noodles cut out with a kitchen knife 34.1 5.3 0.8 81.2 salted sea foods 4.9 0.5 1.0 62.3 21 ham 33.7 2.6 0.7 81.9 seaweed 4.9 0.2 1.0 63.3 22 young leafy radish kimchi 33.3 3.3 0.7 82.7 fermented red pepper paste 4.7 0.2 1.0 64.3 23 egg 32.8 0.9 0.7 83.4 shrimp 4.4 0.5 0.9 65.2 24 seasoning 31.6 2.1 0.7 84.1 bread 4.3 0.3 0.9 66.1 25 radish pickle 30.7 3.9 0.7 84.8 sesame leaf 4.2 0.3 0.9 67.0 26 mackerel 29.1 2.6 0.6 85.4 Korean cabbage 4.1 0.3 0.9 67.9 27 black sauce paste 27.6 2.9 0.6 86.0 cheese 4.0 0.5 0.9 68.7 28 rice cake 27.4 1.8 0.6 86.6 instant noodle 3.9 0.3 0.8 69.5 29 bread 26.2 1.9 0.6 87.2 onion 3.7 0.1 0.8 70.3 30 sesame leaf 24.4 2.2 0.5 87.7 spinach 3.6 0.3 0.8 71.1 * SE : Standard error 40 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC
The direction of international cooperation for disease management Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 41
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Preliminary analysis of adverse events following novel influenza vaccination Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 45
Figure 1. The weekly proportion of influenza-like illness visits per 1,000 patients, 2005-2006 season - 2009-2010 season Figure 2. The number of influenza virus isolates, 2009-2010 season Figure 3. Varicella status through National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) All Causes 356* 9 0 44 140 163 P&I 24* 2 0 1 6 15 * Mortality data in this table are voluntarily reported from 40 hospitals, which of total discharged patients in 2 nd week, 2010 are 12,857. All causes of death are defined from death certificates. Fetal deaths are not included. Pneumonia and influenza (KCD code J09-J18). 46 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC
Cholera - - - - 5 7 5 16 Plague - Typhoid fever 3 3 3 170 188 223 200 190 Paratyphoid fever 2 2 1 37 44 45 50 31 Shigellosis 6 14 5 179 209 131 389 317 EHEC - - - 62 58 41 37 43 Diphtheria - Pertussis - 1-66 9 14 17 11 Tetanus - 1-17 16 8 10 11 Measles 1 4-13 2 194 28 7 Mumps 60 125 44 6,559 4,542 4,557 2,089 1,863 Rubella 1 1-39 30 35 18 12 Poliomyelitis - Japanese encephalitis - - - 6 6 7-6 Varicella 365 641 480 25,227 22,849 20,284 11,027 1,934 Malaria - 2 2 1,345 1,052 2,227 2,051 1,369 Scarlet fever - - 2 127 151 146 108 87 Meningococcal meningitis - - - 3 1 4 11 7 Legionellosis 1 1-24 21 19 20 6 Vibrio vulnificus sepsis - - - 24 49 59 88 57 Epidemic typhus - Murine typhus - 2-29 87 61 73 35 Scrub typhus 5 21 9 4,996 6,057 6,022 6,480 6,780 Leptospirosis 1 2 1 62 100 208 119 83 Brucellosis - 1 2 24 58 101 215 158 Anthrax - Rabies - HFRS 6 12 7 336 375 450 422 421 Dengue fever 2 2 1 60 51 97 35 34 Indonesia(1), Thailand(1) Leishmaniasis - Babesiosis 1 Cryptosporidiosis 1 Botulism - - - 1 - - 1 - Q fever 1 1-16 19 12 6 - Tuberculosis 642 1,278 461 37,766 34,157 34,710 35,361 35,269 HIV/AIDS 6 6 12 771 797 744 750 680 -: No reported cases. N : Not notifiable. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. EHEC : Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. HFRS : Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are finalized. * Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease respectively. Excluding Hansen's disease and diseases reported through the Laboratory Surveillance System and Sentinel Surveillance System(Data for Sentinel Surveillance System are available in Table III) and no case reported since 2003(Yellow fever, Marburg fever, Ebola fever, Lassa fever, African Trypanosomiasis, Schistosomiasis, Yaws, Pinta, Smallpox, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Avian influenza infection and humans, Tularemia, and Newly everging infectious disease syndrome) Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a total of 5 preceding years.(in case of Varicella, used data for 4 years-2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) HIV/AIDS is infected cases but not disease cases. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 47
Total - - - 3 3 5 2 2-6 14 8 - - - - 1 - - 1-1 4-60 125 80 Seoul - - - - - 1 - - - 1 2 1 - - - - - 6 13 14 Busan - - - 1 1 1 - - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 2 2 Daegu - - - - - - - - - - 3 6 12 Incheon - - - - - 1 2 2-1 2 - - - 1 2-20 48 13 Gwangju - - 1 2 - - - - - - 5 9 1 Daejeon - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - Ulsan - - - - - - - - - - 3 5 2 Gyeonggi - - - - - 1 - - - 2 2 1 - - - 1-11 20 24 Gangwon - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 3 Chungbuk - - - - 2 - - - - - 4 7 5 Chungnam - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 2 Jeonbuk - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 - Jeonnam - - - - 2 - - - - - 1 1 - Gyeongbuk - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - 1-2 8 1 Gyeongnam - - - 2-1 - - - - - 1 1 Jeju - - - 1 1 - -: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 48
Total 1 1 - - - - 365 641 1,009-2 5 - - 4 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 - Seoul - - - - - - 36 50 111-1 1 - - 1 - - - - - Busan - - - - - - 41 60 122 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - Daegu - - - - - - 29 50 69 - - - - - 1 - - - - - Incheon - - - - - - 36 52 99 - - 2 - - 1 - - - - - Gwangju - - - - - - 4 14 13 - - - - Daejeon - - - - - - 11 15 19 - - - - Ulsan - - - - - - 8 10 38 - - - - Gyeonggi - - - - - - 66 125 254-1 1 - - 1 - - - - - Gangwon - - - - - - 46 108 99 - - 1 1 Chungbuk - - - - - - 13 21 30 - - - - Chungnam - - - - - - 9 16 7 - - - - Jeonbuk - - - - - - 1 1 23 - - - - - - - - - 1 - Jeonnam - - - - - - 12 17 19 - - - - Gyeongbuk - - - - - - 10 24 47 - - - - Gyeongnam 1 1 - - - - 17 29 29 - - - - Jeju - - - - - - 26 49 30 - - - - unknown - - - - - - --: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. (In case of Varicella, used data for 4 years - 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 49
Total 5 21 16 1 2 1-1 2 - - - 6 12 17 2 2 2 1 1-642 1,278 1,198 Seoul - 1 1 - - - - 2 2 2 - - - - 152 315 313 Busan 1 4 2 - - - - 63 126 157 Daegu - - - 1 - - - 37 72 58 Incheon - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 35 71 54 Gwangju - - 2 - - - - 24 48 27 Daejeon - 1 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 30 60 26 Ulsan 1 2 - - - - - 6 26 28 Gyeonggi - 2 2 - - 1-5 - - 1 - - - 80 159 167 Gangwon - 1 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 17 44 55 Chungbuk - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 2 - - - 1 1-16 24 28 Chungnam - 1 2 - - 2 4 2 - - - - - - 24 54 41 Jeonbuk - - 3 1 1-1 2 - - - - - - 32 64 67 Jeonnam 2 3 2 - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 31 51 39 Gyeongbuk - 3 - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 43 64 53 Gyeongnam 1 2 1 - - 1 3 - - - - - - - 42 83 74 Jeju - - - - - - - 10 17 11 -: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009, 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 50
2.2 3.1 2.4 3.7 3.5 4.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.9 3.4 1.4 2.4 2.6 -: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional. Reported cases contains all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 51