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300000.0 Total National R&D Expenditure 2000-2005 in million 2000 constant price PPP dollars 250000.0 200000.0 150000.0 100000.0 50000.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 United States EU-25 Japan China MAYJUN 2007
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 Intensity of total gross R&D expenditures, 1990-2005 Japan United States Germany Total OECD EU-15 Russian Federation 1.0 China 0.5 Mexico 0.0 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 GERD by type of research 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Austria(02) China(04) France(03) Ireland(04) Japan(03) Korea(03) U.S(04) Experimental Development Applied Research Basic Research MAYJUN 2007
GERD expenditure by type of cost 100% 90% 80% Instruments and equipment 70% 60% Land and buildings 50% 40% Other current costs 30% 20% Labour costs 10% 0% China (05) Korea (03) Japan (03) Hungary (03) Norway (03) 1600000 Total Researchers (FTE), 1995-2004 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 United States EL-25 China Japan MAYJUN 2007
Per 1000 employment 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Total researchers per thousand employment, and compound aunnual growth rate of total researchers, 1994-2004, Japan v.s. China 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Japan China Compound growth rate of total researchers,china Compound growth rate of total researchers,japan 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 Per cent per annual MAYJUN 2007
80000 70000 Chinese international S&T publications included in Science Citation Index and Engineering Index, 1995-2005 1 3 Number of publications 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Ranks in SCI and EL SCI IE SCI ranking IE ranking 600 Increases in patent applications by Chinese and foreigners, 1995-2005 500 thousnd units 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Domestic, all types Foreign, all types Total MAYJUN 2007
Number of triadic patents of China and selected OECD countries China Korea US Japan China and Korea left axis 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 USA and Japan right axis scale MAYJUN 2007
Chinese and foreign invention patent, applications and granted by SIPO, 1995-2005 000 units 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Domestic invention applications Foreign invention applications Domestic invention patents granted Foreign invention patent granted 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Composition of patents ganted to Chinese and foreigner, 1997-2006 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Invention Untility Model Design Appearance 40 44 41 57 51 48 3 5 11 1997 2002 2006 1997 2002 2006 Chinese Foreign 54 41 6 21 23 2 3 77 74 MAYJUN 2007
% 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Share of hight tech in total industrial production vaue, 1995-2005 13.9 14.5 15.4 16.1 15.8 15.8 11.9 12.8 9.6 10 8.4 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MAYJUN 2007
export value in USD Billion 250 200 150 100 50 0 1991 Increasing value and share of hi-tech export, 1991-2005 1992 1993 Expo value, in USD billion 22.8 19.4 12.4 14.1 16.6 67.9 5.2 5.2 6 6.3 7.9 9.0 10.3 16.3 20.2 24.7 37 46.5 2.9 4 4.7 6.3 10.1 12.7 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 27.3 10.3 29.0 218.3 30.6 165.4 2003 2004 2005 as % of total manufactured expo 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 % of hi-tech in total manufactured 100% High-tech export by products, 1995-2005, % of total 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Air/spacecraft Pharmaceuticals Office machinery Radio/TV/comm eq. Instruments MAYJUN 2007
300 Exports of ICT goods, 1996-2005 250 Current USD billions 200 150 100 50 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 United States EU-15 Korea China(excluding Hong Kong) Japan 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% High-tech exports by ownership, 1998-2005 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Others Foreign wholly owned Sino-foreign joint venture Sion-foreign cooperatives State-ow ned MAYJUN 2007
R&D intensity of high-technology industry R&D expenditure over value added, % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 High-tech average Aerospace Pharmacy Computers and office machinery Electronics and telecommunications Medical equipments and instruments 0 China(03) Ireland(02) Korea(03) Japan(03) US(03) MAYJUN 2007
R&D intensity by Chinese region, 2005, % of GDP Shaanxl, 2.52 Shanghal, 2.26 Tlanjin, 1.96 Llacning, 1.56 Jlangsu, 1.56 National, 1.34 Sichuan, 1.31 Znejiang, 1.22 Hubel, 1.51 Guangdong, 1.09 Jilin, 1.09 Shandong, 1.05 Chongqing, 1.04 Gansj, 1.0 Hellongilang, 0.69 Anhul, 085 Fujlan, 082 Jiangxi, 072 Hunan, 0.68 Shanxi, 0.63 Yunnan, 0.61 Hevel, 0.58 Gulzhou, 0.56 Qlnghal, 0.54 Henan, 0.52 Ningxia, 0.52 Guangxi, 0.36 Inner Mongolla, 0.3 Xinjiang, 0.25 Halnan, 0.18 Tlbet, 0.14 Beijing, 5.55 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 MAYJUN 2007
Share of high tech commodity trade of selected Chinese regions, 2005, % of national total Shaand, 0.26 Hubei, 0.3 Sichuan, 0.4 Liaoning, 1.4 Shandcrg, 2.06 Zhejang, 2.61 Fujan, 3.07 Beijing, 5.05 Tianjin, 5.67 Shanghai, 17.29 Jiangsu, 22.59 Guargdong, 37.78 0 10 20 30 40 Total trade=import + export MAYJUN 2007
GERD by performing sector, 1990 and 2004/5 Business Government Higher education United States, 2004 United States, 1990 Germany, 2005 Germany, 1990 Japan, 2004 Japan, 1990 Russian Federation, 2005 Russian Federation, 1992 Total OECD, 2004 Total OECD, 1990 EU-25, 2005 EU-25, 1995 China, 2005 China, 1991 Mexico, 2003 Mexico, 1993 0 20 40 60 80 100 MAYJUN 2007
The changing landscape:numbers of R&D institutes by performing sector, 1995-2005 10000 PROs Companies carrying out S&T activities R&D institutes in universties Foreign R&D centers* 8000 units 6000 4000 2000 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Note: *The number of foreign R&D centers if estimated based on official data by MOFCOM. Domestic service invention patents granted by sector, 1995-2004 Business sector Universities Public research institutions Others 100% 50% 0% 1995 2000 2004 MAYJUN 2007
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100 400 MeV carbon ions RELATIVE DOSE 80 60 40 Co-60 8 MVX-rays fast neutrons 20 20MeV electrons 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 DEPTH IN WATER (cm) carbon fragmentation MAYJUN 2007
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