Original Article Lee, Kyu-Eun 1) 1) Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Kwandong University 1) 1) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and behavior toward prostitution and gender equality in male university students Method: The subjects were 339 male university students in G province The data were gathered from August 29 to September 23, 2005 Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient using SPSS/Win 100 program Results: About twenty-eight percent of the subjects had experiences with prostitutes The mean score of the attitude toward prostitution was 288±39 The mean scores of the attitude and behavior toward gender equality were 190±44, 273±31, respectively There was a significant difference in the attitude toward prostitution between subjects with experiences and without experiences with a prostitute Also, there was a significant difference in the attitude and behavior toward gender equality between subjects with experiences and without experiences in prostitution Conclusions: This study showed that the attitude toward prostitution was strongly related to the attitude and behavior toward gender equality Realistic and future-directed gender equality programs should be developed for the target population 2004 9 23 ( ) (Lee, 2003) : 2005 11 3 1 : 2005 11 30 : 2005 12 9 Address reprint requests to : Lee, Kyu-Eun Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Kwandong University 522 Naegok-dong, Gangneung city, Kangwondo 210-701, Korea Tel: +82-33-649-7617 Fax: +82-33-649-7620 E-mail: lke@kwandongackr 296
BC 3, ( ) ( (Kim, Kim, & Han, ) (Im, Kim, Chang, Kim, & Kim, 1994),, (Choi, 2003) 2000 9 19,,, (Kim, 2002) 2001 7 12 3 ( ),, ( ),, Chang Cho(1991) 24 2002 41%, 36 8 33 20-30 41%, 80% (Kim et al, 2002), (Kim, 1995), (Shim, 1995),,,,,, (Kim & Jung, 2000) 2004) (Chung & Yang, 2003),,,, 297
,,,, 1, 2, 3,, 4 2) Kim (2004) 7 6 4 1, ' 2, 3,, 4 Cronbach's Cronbach's =85 3) =85, Kim (2004) 16 6 4 Cronbach's 67 77, Cronbach's 2005 8 29 23 4, G 3 339 5, 8, 7, 16 400 354 22 1) Chung Yang(2003) 22 5 4 4 3 19 1, 2, 3, 4,, 5, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) 4,,, Cronbach's Cronbach's 84 85 (885%) 15 339(848%) SPSS WIN 100,, t-test, Pearson 298
22-23 139(404%), 24-25 110 (324%), 21 65(192%), 26 27(80%) 2 145(428%), 3 88 (260%), 1 69(204%), 4 37(109%) 723% <Table 1> 189(558%) / / 87(257%) 33(97%), / 17(50%) 519% 478% 11-20 92(271%), 21-30 91(268%), 10 62(183%), 31-40 34(100%), 41-50 22 (65%), 51 9(27%) 30 / / Age(years) 21 22-23 24-25 26 65 137 110 27 192 404 324 80 229± 224 Grade Major Religion Pocket money (thousand won) Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Cultural & Social science Medicine, Nursing and Health science Engineering Management, Administration and Law response Present Absent response 100 110-200 210-300 310-400 410-500 510 response 69 145 88 37 17 33 189 87 13 176 162 1 62 92 91 34 22 9 29 204 428 260 109 50 97 558 257 38 519 478 03 183 271 268 100 65 27 86 25p±1505 Experience of buying sex Yes response 94 243 2 277 717 06 Eradication measures of prostitution for man who sex dealing Reduction measures of prostitution for women sex trading Punishment by law Proper sex education and gender equality education Counselling Public service Others response Punishment by law Occupational training Counselling Shelter & support system Others response 73 190 32 18 16 10 38 119 30 123 15 14 215 561 95 53 47 29 112 352 88 363 44 41 299
94(277%), 243(717%) 190(561%), 73(215%), 18(53%), 16(47%), 10(29%), 123(363%) 119(352%) 17(181%), 15 38(112%), 30 (88%), 15(44%), 14(41%) <Table 2> 94 ( ) 59(628%), 34(362%), 32 (340%), 28(298%), 19 (202%), 17(181%), 16(170%), 15(160%), 14(149%), 12(128%), 11(117%), 10 (106%), 7(74%), 4 (43%) 50(532%), 25(372%), 31(330%), (160%), 4(43%) 33(350%), 16 (170%), 13(138%), 11(117%), 5(53%), 3(32%) 170% <Table 3> Place of prostitution* Military campside town Singing room Massage parlor Ticket tea room Internet chatting Fomentation room Corruption barber shop Red-light district Room salon Night club Prostitution agency('bodobang') Entertainment liquor shop Telephone agency('cheunwha bang') Video agency('video bang') Hearth liquor shop Lodging facilities and love hotel 16 17 34 12 7 7 14 59 32 11 10 15 4 10 28 19 170 181 362 128 74 74 149 628 340 117 106 160 43 106 298 202 Motive for prostitution* Feeling after sex dealing experience * : multiple response For the settlement of sexual need Be due to curiosity By friend's instigation party Join to drinking party To get rid of stress Others Felt guilty It was fearful that the venereal disease might be happened It was pleasant to solve the sexual stress Unlike expectation, have a feeling of disappointment There was no touch Others 31 35 15 50 17 4 5 13 16 11 33 3 330 372 160 532 181 43 53 138 170 117 350 32 300
84 (346%), ( ) 39(160%), 37 243, (152%), 37(152%), 34(141%),, 307±45, 8(33%), 4(16%) 190(782%) (86%) <Table 4> 21 288±39 4 301±79, 277±63, 265±58 1 222±89 2 249±83 3 Reasons for not sex dealing Intention to prostitution when there is an opportunity Have no opportunity Method was not known Be wrong ethically Be dirty Be illegal Others response Yes response 37 4 84 39 8 37 34 21 190 32 152 16 346 160 33 152 141 86 782 132 Legitimacy 1 Prostitution shall be understood as a job trading sex for money for sex 2 Prostitution is right to deal with money fairy 3 Prostitution is a crime 4 Prostitution is an event that it hurt to the dignity in human 5 Prostitution is not a problem solving by a government but the choice of individuals 6 Intermediary for prostitution shall be punished too Necessity 7 8 9 10 11 12 Victimization 13 14 15 16 17 Spontaneity 18 19 Rape will be increased if prostitution is disappeared Prostitution is necessary to solve sexual desire for single man Man's sexual desire is more difficult to control than woman Prostitution can be allowed to man to get rid of stress Rape will be decreased if prostitution is legalized Prostitution can not avoid for man in social relationship The man to buy prostitute shall be punished The cheated woman is prostituting compulsorily The most of prostitute women are thrown into despair by a rape The prostitute women are victims of social culture The most of prostitute women choose their work for economical difficulties The prostitute women can resign their work as possible The prostitute women choose their work to earn money easily 277±106 268±103 303±102 316±103 258±106 361±108 328±109 294±106 316±110 291±102 295±105 286±102 222± 89 254± 83 270± 84 291± 87 292± 83 296± 97 311± 86 Total 288± 39 301
254±83 201±66 1 361±108 190±64, 5 2 328±109 186±58, 6 3 184±54, 316±103 <Table 5> 1, 2 197±62, 3 191±63, 4 179±54 <Table 6> 1 190±44 273±31 329±67 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Man who asserts gender equality looks weak Man who ignores gender equality looks smart Man who agrees with women's opinion not to gender discrimination looks cowardly It will look strangely if I do sexual equality- behavior Sexual equality is damage at man Sex discrimination behavior is profits at man If I treat women and men equally atmosphere will be awkward 184±54 179±54 186±58 191±63 201±66 197±62 190±64 Total 190±44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I pretend not to hear an assertion to extend women's right and interests I have had asserted that a woman should be resigned in her company when her childbirth I have had ignored that woman's claim for the sexual discrimination on a job opportunities I have had asserted that a child ought to be given his father's family name I have had asserted to maintain laws for the master of households belong to man I have had evaded my house affairs that I am a man I have had appealed that son is more important than daughter for carrying on a family line I never read any article for gender equality in a newspaper I have had done something on the assumption that woman is inferior to man I am talking about woman's problems on an equal footing with woman I have had thought how to deal for woman's problems on an equal position I have a tendency to talk with a positive point of view about strikes or demonstrations for woman's problem I share the house affairs with my mother or sisters in equal I read articles for gender equality with an interest I have had avoid an action that is the discrimination I have had appealed that the job opportunity should be given to both man and woman equally 301± 58 329± 67 302± 69 245± 86 267± 78 311± 79 289±133 295± 78 309± 72 245± 72 251± 69 235± 65 249± 76 219± 61 256± 62 249± 69 Total 273± 31 302
311±79, 3 309±72 (t=254, p=008) 219±61, 15, 235±65, 13 (t=210, p=036) <Table 8> 245±92 <Table 7> 200±40 186±44, 275±32, 298± 30, p=009), 284±41 (t=288, p=004) (r=17, p=002), (t=-532, p=000), p=049) <Table 9>, (r=-53, p=000), (r=-12, p=036), (r=25, p=000), (r=11, p=039), (r=14, p=009) (r=14,, (r=-20, p=000), (r=-11, Attitude toward prostitution Legitimacy Yes 311±34-93 355 306±50 Necessity Yes 338±78-532 000 288±77 Victimization Yes 256±60 190 059 270±58 Spontaneity Yes 285±67-138 168 275±61 Total Yes 298±30-288 004 284±41 Attitude toward gender equality Yes 200±40-254 011 186±44 Behavior toward gender equality Yes 266±28 275±32 210 036 303
2 3 4 5 6 7 1-53(000) -12(036) 25(000) 11(039) 12(025) 14(009) 2 17(002) -20(000) 04(432) -05(378) -11(049) 1: Attitude toward gender equality 2: Behavior toward gender equality 3: Legitimacy 4: Necessity 5: Victimization 6: Spontaneity 7: Total, Byun(2005), (Choi, 2003) 277% 1151 264% Im (1994), 20-40 Chang (1999) 637%, 15-78 822 484%(Chung & Yang, 2003),,,,, Hwang(1998) Chang(1999) 72%,, (561%) (215%),,,,, (363%) (352%) Won(1997), ( ),, Byun Hwang(1998),, ( ),,,, (532%) Byun (Im et al, 1994), Choi(2003) 3% 782% 304
305 288±39, (Im et al, 1994) (Byun & Hwang, 1998),,,,, Chung Yang(2003),,, Lee(2005),,, (Chung & Yang, 2003) 5 361±108 2004 9 23 (Byun, 2005) 190±44, 273±31 2004 UN 177 29, 68 (UNDT, 2004), (Kim et al, 2004) (Chung & Yang, 2003),,,, 2005 8 29 9 23 G 3 339 277% ( ),,
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