pissn Vol. 32, No. 4, August 2020 J Kor Phys Ther 2020:32(4):203-209 1229-0475 eissn 2287-156X Original Article Effects of 10-Week Body Stability Exercise Program on Functional Movement and Body Balance of Middle School Volleyball Players In-Yeong Song, Yeon-Soon Seo, Yang-Hoon Kang Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Mokpo Science University, Mokpo, Republic of Korea Purpose: This study examined the effects of a physical stability exercise program on the functional movement and balance of middle school volleyball players to provide future management and training data to improve the performance of volleyball players. Methods: The subjects were 20 volleyball players from Y Middle School in Mokpo. The results of comparing and analyzing the effects of the physical stability exercise program on the functional movement and balance of middle school volleyball players for 10 weeks are as follows. Results: The number of participants who showed power and agility (p<0.01) was increased significantly, and the response time was shortened significantly (p<0.01). On the evaluation of functional movement, the total score showed a significant difference between the pre-test at 10.90±1.30 points and the post-test at 13.81±.60 (p< 0.001). The subjects balance showed a significant difference from 84.11±7.53 to 97.65±8.47 (p<0.001), and the Right Composite Score showed a significant difference from 83.74±6.64 to 97.27±8.48 (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The application of a physical stability exercise program for 10 weeks is effective in improving the speed, agility, functional movement, and balance to volleyball players who are weakened and at risk of injury. This is believed to prevent or reduce injury. Keywords: Power, Agility, Functional movement, Body balance 서론배구는점프, 스파이크그리고블로킹시폭발적인파워를필요로하는팀스포츠라고정의할수있다. 1 배구경기는다양한동작과기술을짧은시간내반복적으로수행하여높은체력수준이요구되고근력, 민첩성, 균형능력을요구하는종목이다. 배구선수의경우한경기당 250-300회의점프를하기때문에높은수준의하지근력과순발력이필요하다. 2 배구경기는선수들의반응시간이빨라야하고, 순간적으로강한힘을필요로하며, 잦은수직점프동작으로인해부상이잦은종목이다. 3 점프후착지는중력에의해피할수없는과정으로써하지관절의부상과밀접한관련이있는동작이고, 배구경기에서수없이반복되는동작이며, 점프높이의증가는부상의위험성을높인다. 4 더불어점프의거리에대해 Marquez 등 5 은인체중심의수직및수평방향의속도를증가시켜착지시점에서의기계학적자세에 영향을미치고, 무릎과엉덩관절의굽힘움직임을감소시킴으로써최대수직지면반발력과부하율을증가시킨다고보고하였다. 이처럼점프의높이뿐만아니라거리또한충격을증가시켜부상을높이는중요한요소라고할수있다. 따라서배구선수의경기력을관리및유지하기위해서는신체조성과의관련성을상세히검토할필요가있다. 신체가기능적인움직임을할때, 상지와하지로부터힘을만들어내거나그것을전이시키는능력을최적화시키기위해서는몸통의자세와움직임을조절하는능력이필요하다. 6 체간은균형을유지하면서중력에대하여독립된자세를유지하고사지의움직임을대비하는자세적역할과중심이동을원활히하여새로운자세로쉽게움직이도록하는동적인역할을수행한다. 7 신체안정화는신체중립을유지하는안정화체계의유의한능력이라고할수있으며, 수동적움직임, 능동적움직임, 신경계사이의상호작용에의해영향을받게된다. 8 수동적움직임은척추체, 추간판, 추간관 Received Jul 17, 2020 Revised Aug 21, 2020 Accepted Aug 26, 2020 Corresponding author Yang-Hoon Kang E-mail mokpopt@hanmail.net Copylight 2020 The Korean Society of Physical Therapy This is an Open Access article distribute under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License (https:// creativecommons.org/license/by-nc/4.0.) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution,and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.kptjournal.org 203
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy In-Yeong Song, et al. 절, 관절낭과인대들로주로관절가동범위의끝범위에서운동을제한하여안정성을담당한다. 능동적움직임은척주를둘러싸면서작용하는근육과건에의해제공되는능동적이고역동적인지지를담당하여관절에가해지는부하를감소시키고, 척추에직접부착되어있는국소근육들이중립위범위내에서분절의안정성을유지하는데가장큰역할을수행한다. 신경계는고유수용성감각기관들과중추신경계로구성되는신경적안정화이다. 9 이러한신체안정화는근력과균형에영향을주며운동선수에게매우중요한요소이다. 신체안정화운동은체간을안정시키기위해코어근육을동시에훈련시키는운동으로불안정한자세유지및조절능력을증진시키는데효과적이다. 10 선행연구에의하면일정기간의신체안정성훈련은운동선수의체력을유의하게향상시킬수있는것으로보고되었는데, Sharma 등 11 은배구선수를대상으로 9주간코어훈련을적용하게했을때, 신체안정성과함께수직점프능력이증가되었다고보고하였다. Myer 등 12 은코어가포함된 6주간의훈련은여자운동선수의운동수행력과함께하지의움직임과관련된역학적요인을향상시켰다고보고하였다. 이와같이신체안정화운동이효과적이라는사실이이미밝혀졌지만, 이러한훈련방법을적용하여여자배구선수를대상으로기능적움직임과균형능력에미치는영향을검토한연구는미비한실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는 10주간신체안정성운동프로그램이중학교배구선수의기능적움직임과균형에어떠한영향을미치는지규명하고, 신체안정성운동프로그램을적용함으로써배구선수들의경기력향상을위한추후관리및훈련자료를제공하는데목적이있다. 연구방법 1. 연구대상본연구의대상자는목포시 Y중학교배구선수 20명을대상으로구성하였고, 모든피험자들에게검사전반에대한설명과측정에대한정보를충분히알린후측정을실시하였다. 연구대상자의신장을측정하기위해자동신장측정기 (DS-103, Dong Sahn Jenix, Korea) 를이용하였고체중과체지방률의측정은생체전기임피던스장비 (InBody Table 1. General characteristics of participants (N=20) Characteristics Value Age (yr) 15±0.94 Height (cm) 168.43±6.36 Weight (kg) 56.11±3.28 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 19.80±1.18 Body fat (%) 30.90±2.77 Leg length (cm) 92.83±5.82 H20, InBody, Korea) 를이용하였으며측정한연구대상자의일반적특성은다음과같다 (Table 1). 2. 신체안정화운동방법신체안정화운동은 McGill과 Karpowicz 13 가시행한신체안정화운동을적용하여 10가지동작으로구성되었고, 한동작당 12초씩유지하도록지시하였다. 한동작당 10회씩반복하여총 2-3세트훈련을실시하였고, 1회실시후 5초간의휴식시간을두어실시하였다. 신체안정화운동의난이도는실험 4주후운동지지면을불안정하게하여난이도를조정하였다. 실험은총 10주간, 주 3회, 30분간실시하였고, 신체안정화운동프로그램적용전 5분간의준비운동시간을두고훈련을실시하였다 (Table 2). 14 3. 측정항목및분석방법본연구는신체안정성운동프로그램이배구선수의기능적움직임과균형에미치는영향을살펴보기위해모든피험자들에게프로그램적용전시각반응속도측정, 기능적움직임평가 (FMS), 신체균형능력평가 (Y-Balance) 등개별평가를실시하고, 10주간의신체안정성운동프로그램을실시하여, 프로그램적용후사후평가를실시하였다. 또한검사전보호자와대상자에게연구에대한충분한사전설명과실험동의여부를확인하였다. 1) 시각반응속도측정시각반응속도는 BlazePod (Play coyotta Ltd., Thailand) 를사용하여측정하였고, 이것은순간스피드, 반사신경등의특수한능력을측정할수있는장비이다. 전문화된반사신경및순발력을길러주는순간반사운동 (Flash Reflex Exercise, FRX) 을기반으로만들어졌고, 시각반응속도측정전용앱을통해자신의기록을정확하게확인할수있다. 본연구에서는신체안정화운동프로그램적용전과후에측정장비를적용하여시각반응속도를측정하였다. 시각반응속도측정장비 Table 2. Body stability exercise program 신체안정화운동프로그램 (body stability exercise program) 1. 머리, 가슴들기 (Curl-up) 2. 바로누워교차로팔다리들기 (Dead Bug) 3. 바로누워몸통들기 (Supine bridge) 4. 옆으로누워몸통들기 (Sidelying Bridge) 5. 엎드려누워몸통들기 (Prone Bridge) 6. 심부근육수축운동 (Abdominal Bracing) 7. 네발기기자세에서교차로팔다리들기 (Quadruped) 8. 네발기기자세에서교차로들어올린팔다리로사각형그리기 (Modified Quadruped) 9. 엎드려누워교차로팔다리들기 (Swimming) 10. 엎드려누워같은쪽팔다리들기 (Modified Swimming) 204 www.kptjournal.org
Effects of Stability Exercise Program on Functional Movement and Balance of Volleyball Players 에불빛이들어오면터치하는방식으로 15 초동안터치한횟수와 15 초동안터치하는것으로정해진시간동안시각반응에대한반응횟 수와시각에의한반응시각을확인할수있다. 상지의측정을엎드린 상태를유지한상태에서측정하였고동일하게측정할수있도록위 치가표시된매트를이용하였고하지는선상태에서양쪽을측정하 였고 3 회측정하여평균값을사용하였다. 2) 기능적움직임평가 기능적움직임평가 (Functional Movement Screen) 는 Cook 등의연구 를참고하여진행되었으며, 검사를위해전용키트 (Functional Movement Screen Test Kit, Functional Movement Systems Inc., USA) 가사용 되었다. 15 기능성움직임평가는 Deep squat 부터 Hurdle step, In-line lunge, Shoulder mobility, Active straight leg raise, Trunk stability push-up 그리고 Rotary stability 까지총 7 가지항목으로구성되어있다. 본연구 에서는피험자에게평가방법에대해충분히설명하였고, 왼쪽과오 른쪽을평가하는테스트는기본지침에따라왼쪽부터실시하였으 며, 최종결과에서가장적게나온점수를기록하였다. FMS 의점수는 완벽한동작을수행함 (3 점 ), 동작을실행하나완벽하지못함 (2 점 ), 동 작수행을하지못함 (1 점 ), 통증이있음 (0 점 ) 으로총 21 점만점에 0-3 점의순위척도로구성되었다. FMS-kit 를사용하여측정하였으며, FMS 측정의정확도를높이기위하여공통된측정방법을사전에교 육받았으며철저하게숙지한 3 명의평가자가 2 명은측정시실시간 관찰하면서평가하고 FMS 를점수화시켰다. 결과의신뢰성확보를위 하여 1 명은정확한기록과동시에카메라를이용하여녹화하였고측 정후녹화된내용을다시시청하면서검토를진행하였다. 3) 신체균형능력평가 (Anterior+Posteriomedial+Posteriolateral) 100 Composite Score = (3 Limb Length) 신체균형능력 (Y-Balance) 평가는자세조절과발목의안정화를동 시에검사할수있는방법이다. 본연구에서는피험자에게플랫폼에 서발이유지되지못하거나발이떨어지지않도록측정방법및주의 사항을설명한후양쪽발모두각각 3회실시하였다. 측정시에는신발을벗고실시하였으며중심을잃은경우, 다시처음의시작자세로돌아오지못하는경우그리고발이땅에닿거나, 발판을발로차는경우에는파울로간주하였다. 15 신체균형능력평가에서는앞쪽 (anterior), 뒤-안쪽 (posteriomedial), 뒤가쪽 (posteriolateral) 의수치를모두더한값을피험자의다리길이 (limb length) 를 3배수곱한값으로나누고 100을곱하여총합점수 (composite score) 로분석하였다. 피험자의다리길이는전상장골극 (anterior superior iliac spine, ASIS) 에서안쪽복사뼈 (medial malleolus) 까지의거리로하였다. 4. 자료처리본연구에서얻어진자료는 SPSS 21.0 for Window 통계프로그램을통해기술통계를이용하여평균과표준편차를산출하였고, 정규성검정을시행하였다. 정규성을만족한신체안정화운동에따른변인들의사전, 사후효과성을검정하기위해모수검정법인대응표본 t검정 (paired t-tast) 을실시하였고, 통계적유의수준은 α = 0.05로설정하였다. 결과 1. 시각반응속도의변화배구선수에게적용한 10주간신체안정화훈련이시각반응속도에영향을미치는지에대한결과는다음과같다. 상지의 15초동안터치는사전 18.48 ± 5.29회, 사후 20.05 ± 5.47회로유의한차이를보였고 (p < 0.01), 상지의반응시간은사전 845.90 ± 225.52 ms, 사후 763.43 ± 190.64 ms로반응시간이유의하게짧아지는결과를보였다 (p < 0.01). 왼쪽하지의 15초동안터치는사전 21.05 ± 3.30회, 사후 22.90 ± 2.91회로유의한차이를보였고 (p < 0.01), 왼쪽하지의반응시간은사전 791.67 ± 343.63 ms, 사후 641.14 ± 88.94 ms로반응시간이유의하게짧아지는결과를보였다 (p < 0.05). 오른쪽하지의 15초동안터치는사전 21.95 ± 2.76회, 사후 23.29 ± 2.98회로유의한차이를보였고 (p < 0.01), 오른쪽하지의반응시간은사전 669.86 ± 97.62 ms, 사후 632.86 ± 91.43 ms로반응시간이유의하게짧아지는결과를보였다 (p< 0.01)(Table 3). Table 3. Effects of 10-week body stability exercise program on power and agility(unit: times, ms) Factor Pre Post t p Upper extremity Touch for 15 seconds 18.48± 5.29 20.05± 5.47-3.766 0.001 *** Reaction time (ms) 845.90±225.52 763.43± 190.64 3.937 0.001 *** Left Lower extremity Touch for 15 seconds 21.05± 3.30 22.90± 2.91-3.914 0.001 *** Reaction time (ms) 791.67±343.63 641.14± 88.94 2.372 0.028 ** Right Lower extremity Touch for 15 seconds 21.95± 2.76 23.29± 2.98-3.765 0.001 *** Reaction time (ms) 669.86±97.62 632.86± 91.43 2.996 0.007 *** *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05 www.kptjournal.org 205
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy In-Yeong Song, et al. 2. 기능적움직임의변화 배구선수의 10 주간신체안정화훈련이기능적움직임에영향을미치 는지에대한결과는다음과같다. Deep Squat 는사전 1.76 ± 0.43 점, 사 후 2.10 ± 0.30 점으로유의한차이의결과를보였고 (p < 0.01), Hurdle Step 은사전 1.86 ± 0.36 점, 사후 2.00 점으로차이를나타내지않았다. In-Line Lunge 는사전 1.52 ± 0.51 점, 사후 2.00 점으로유의한차이의결 과를보였고 (p < 0.001), Shoulder Mobility 는사전 1.62 ± 0.49 점, 사후 1.86 ± 0.35 점으로유의한차이의결과를보였다 (p < 0.05). Active Straight Leg Raise 는사전 1.62 ± 0.49 점, 사후 1.95 ± 0.21 점으로유의한 차이의결과를보였다 (p< 0.01). Trunk Stability Push-Up 은사전 1.10± 0.30 점, 사후 1.95 ± 0.21 점, Rotary Stability 는사전 1.43 ± 0.50 점, 사후 1.95 ± 0.21 점, Total Score 는사전 10.90 ± 1.30 점, 사후 13.81 ± 0.60 점으로 유의한차이의결과를보였다 (p< 0.001)(Table 4). 3. 신체균형능력의변화 배구선수의 10 주간신체안정화훈련이신체균형능력에영향을미치 는지에대한결과는다음과같다. Left Composite Score 는사전 84.11 ± 7.53 점, 사후 97.65 ± 8.47 점으로유의한차이의결과를보였고 (p < 0.001), Right Composite Score 는사전 83.74 ± 6.64 점, 사후 97.27± 8.48 점으로유의한차이의결과를보였다 (p< 0.001)(Table 5). Table 4. Effects of 10-week body stability exercise program on functional movememt(unit: score) Factor Pre Post t p Deep squat 1.76±0.43 2.10±0.30-3.162 0.005 ** Hurdle step 1.86±0.36 2.00-1.826 0.083 In-Line lunge 1.52±0.51 2.00-4.264 < 0.001 *** Shoulder mobility 1.62±0.49 1.86±0.35-2.500 0.021 * Active straight leg raise 1.62±0.49 1.95±0.21-3.162 0.005 ** Trunk stability push-up 1.10±0.30 1.95±0.21-10.954 < 0.001 *** Rotary stability 1.43±0.50 1.95±0.21-4.690 < 0.001 *** Total score 10.90±1.30 13.81±0.60-10.238 < 0.001 *** *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05 고찰배구경기는전문적인체력을바탕으로수행되는종목으로기본과응용기술은전문체력의완성도에의해결정되며, 배구기술은아주정교하고감각적인운동으로기본기술이안정화되지못할경우전문적인체력을활용할수없게된다. 이에배구종목의전문체력은기술동작과직접적인상관성을가져야하는특이적훈련방법이필요하며, 높은운동수행능력과스포츠손상을예방할수있는훈련방법이요구되고있다. 신체안정성은신체에나타나는자극과반응을연결하고상 하체의협응을유도하므로, 배구경기중빈번한수직점프의수준을결정하는요인으로여겨진다. 특히배구경기중스파이크동작은하지의근력과어깨관절의동적움직임이협응되는동작이므로, 신체안정성의중요성이강조된다. 또한체간근육은체공시간을증가시키기때문에공중에띄워진공을처리하는스파이크동작에서공격력을확보하는데도움이되기도한다. 17 본연구에서는배구선수의 10주간신체안정화훈련이시각반응속도변화에영향을미치는지에대한결과전반적으로신체안정화운동이후로 15초동안의터치한횟수가유의하게증가하였고, 15초동안의반응시간도유의하게짧아졌고, 배구선수에게요구되는순발력, 민첩성그리고협조성과같은기술체력을유의하게향상시킨것으로나타났다. 선행연구에서 Choi 등 18 은체육전공남학생 24명을대상으로 8주간의웨이트트레이닝과플라이오메트릭트레이닝 (Plyometric training) 이민첩성및등속성근력에미치는영향에대한연구를하였다. 그결과민첩성에서유의하게향상되었으며, 등속성근력과근파워에서도긍정적효과가있는것으로나타났다. Na 19 는남자축구선수 30명을대상으로 12주간의플라이오메트릭트레이닝이하지근력및순발력, 민첩성에미치는영향에대한연구를하였다. 그결과하지근력과축구경기력향상에지대한역할을하는민첩성과순발력에도긍정적인결과가나타났다. Table 5. Effects of 10-week body stability exercise program on body balance (Unit: score) Factor Pre Post t p Left Anterior (cm) 56.90± 6.09 64.67± 7.07-10.183 < 0.001 *** Posteriolateral (cm) 87.05± 9.85 100.90± 6.60-17.163 < 0.001 *** Posteriomedial (cm) 89.62± 6.36 105.48± 6.73-18.425 < 0.001 *** Composite score 84.11± 7.53 97.65± 8.47-15.543 < 0.001 *** Right Anterior (cm) 56.62± 7.28 63.90± 8.14-9.585 < 0.001 *** Posteriolateral (cm) 86.81± 6.80 102.71± 7.61-18.594 < 0.001 *** Posteriomedial (cm) 89.24± 6.18 103.38± 7.88-17.211 < 0.001 *** Composite score 83.74± 6.64 97.27± 8.48-15.842 < 0.001 *** *** p<0.001 206 www.kptjournal.org
Effects of Stability Exercise Program on Functional Movement and Balance of Volleyball Players Vaczi 등 20 은반응속도는점프, 달리기, 정지, 방향전환및측면움직임같은동적움직임은스포츠현장에서중요한성공요소이며, 이러한개인요소는팀전술과전력에크게기여한다고보고하였다. 반응속도의변화는경기력향상에매우중요한요소로짧은순간근육이폭발적으로수축할때의힘을의미하고, 힘과속도를조절하기위해서는신체안정화가필요하다. 이러한결과는신체안정화운동이근수축과신경전달기능을향상시키고, 근육의힘이강해지고인대나건을신장시키는고유감각기능을촉진시켰기때문이라고생각된다. 또한신체안정화로인하여어깨와팔, 그리고다리근육의사용을효율적으로개선시켰기때문에단시간에강한힘을발휘해야하는최대파워의수행에있어서도움을주었고, 이러한특성은순간적인방향전환을반복적으로수행해야하는민첩성과같은기술체력항목에서기록을단축시킬수있었던것으로사료된다. 본연구에서는배구선수의기능성움직임평가점수가유의하게향상된것으로나타났다. 신체안정성운동을하기전에는기능성움직임평가의평균점수가 10.90 ± 1.30점으로선행연구들에서제시한기준점수보다아래에있었다. 그러나신체안정성운동을적용한후기능성움직임검사의총점이훈련이후 13.81 ± 0.60점으로향상된것을볼수있었다. 이러한결과는신체안정화에사용되는체간근육이동적움직임시 2차로하지의움직임이발생하여근력강화에영향을주었다고판단되며, Arokoski 등 21 은체간근육의효율적인기능수행과요부근의강화는상, 하지의효율적인기능수행에도움을준다고보고하였는데본연구결과를뒷받침하고있다. 몇몇연구에서기능성움직임평가의총점이 14점이하일때, 부상의발생가능성이높은것으로보고된만큼, 기능성움직임이저하되었을때에는부상으로이어질확률이크다는것을예측해볼수있다. 22,23 선행연구에서 Chapman 등 24 은시즌전 FMS를실시한이후한시즌간의운동수행력변화를관찰했을때, 14점이상의높은점수를얻은육상선수가 14점이하의낮은점수를얻은육상선수보다운동수행력에서유의한차이를나타냈으며, FMS를통해불균형이나타나지않았던육상선수는불균형이있는선수에비해운동수행력이장기간향상되었다고보고하였고, FMS 평가를통해부상의예방이나감소뿐아니라경기력의향상을예측하는검사로활용할수있음을제시하였다. 또한, Yoon 등 25 은볼링선수 8명을대상으로 8주간집중척추안정화운동을통해 FMS와하지근기능의효과를검증한결과 FMS에서는 Deep Squat에서유의한차이가나타났고 (p < 0.01), 또한 Hundle Step, Inline Lunge에서도유의한차이가나타났으며 (p < 0.05), 하지근기능의각속도에서유의한차이가나타났다고보고하였다. Jung 26 은남자육상선수 16명을대상으로 12주간복합트레이닝이중학교육상단거리선수의체력및 FMS 결과에미치는영향에대한연구를하였는데, 복합트레이닝은육상선수들에게체력및 FMS 결과를향상시킨다고 보고하였다. 근력의향상은기능적움직임평가에서확연하게향상되는것을볼수있는데, 본연구결과기능적움직임항목중 deep squat 외각각의항목에서향상되는것으로나타났다. Lockie 등 27 의연구에서는 deep squat와 hurdle step의기능적움직임의향상은선수들의다리근력을향상시키며, 특히전력질주 (sprinting) 와점프 (jumping) 능력을증가시킨것으로보고하였다. David 등 28 의연구에서축구선수들의 deep squat와 hurdle step의향상은무릎과엉덩이부상을감소시킨다고하였다. Tori와 Susan 29 의연구에서도 deep squat의기능적움직임향상은발목, 무릎및골반의움직임향상을유도할것이라고보고하였다. 그래서신체안정성근육이제대로확보되지않았다면기능성움직임검사에서좋은점수를받기가어려웠을것이다. 따라서, 신체의기능이저하되어있는배구선수에게일정기간의신체안정성운동은기능성움직임검사점수를향상시키는데있어서효과적이고, 이는곧부상의예방이나감소로도이어질수있을것으로사료된다. 본연구에서는배구선수의 10주간신체안정화훈련이신체균형능력에영향을미치는지에대한결과에서 Left Composite Score는사전 84.11 ± 7.53점, 사후 97.65 ± 8.47점으로유의한차이를보였고, Right Composite Score는사전 83.74 ± 6.64점, 사후 97.27 ± 8.48점으로유의한차이를보였다. 이러한결과는신체안정성의개선으로체간과복부근육군인코어근육이단련되어체간부의근력과유연성을향상시킬수있었으며, 신체균형을유지하는동적평형성에도긍정적인영향을미친것으로보인다. 선행연구에서 Sharma 등 11 은배구선수를대상으로동적안정화운동프로그램을실시한결과, 수직점프및정적균형능력이향상되었고, 감속동작인착지시하지근력의증가는하지관절의상해위험률을감소시킬수있을것으로보고하였다. 또한, Park 30 은코어밸런스운동은배구선수의몸통등속성근기능과균형능력및자세안정화에도움이되며, 배구경기의안정화된자세와균형잡힌동작을통한기술적능력과점프동작과스파이크동작의자세조절능력이조화를이루어야우수한경기력을발휘할수있을것으로생각된다고보고하였다. 그러므로배구선수들의하지근력의좌, 우균형성은점프와착지동작과관련성이있을것으로판단된다. Choi 등 31 은 12주간의코어트레이닝이여자배구선수들의하지근기능, 평형성, 기초체력에미치는영향에대해살펴본결과오른쪽무릎관절근기능, 동적균형능력, 그리고악력, 하지근지구력, 민첩성등의기초체력등에도긍정적인영향을미친것으로보고하였다. 또한 Noh 등 32 은동적인코어트레이닝은체간및요부의근력을향상시켜하지와상지의안정화를통하여낮은자세를유지할수있게하여수비동작에서정확한리시브를할수있고, 공격에서는스파이크동작에서팔과어깨의근력만을사용하지않고몸통의근력을사용하여강한스파이크를칠 www.kptjournal.org 207
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy In-Yeong Song, et al. 수있는데도움을줄것이며, 스파이크후안정적인자세로착지할수있어부상을방지하는데도움이될것이라고보고하였다. Casselbrant 등 33 은평형성이여러경로로입력된감각자극들을통합함으로써신체의모든자세조절을계획하고실행한다고하였고, 평형성이일상생활이나스포츠현장에서균형및안정상태를유지하며신체를조정하고통제하는협응력에의해좌우된다고하였다. 선행연구에의하면, Ha와 Jeon 34 은골반경사의정렬은신체안정성, 균형에영향을미치며, 척추의정렬에직접적으로영향을줄수있다고보고하였다. 또한, Yong과 Park 35 은경미한다리길이의불일치는짧은쪽다리의고관절굴곡과외전, 골반경사가감소하고, 긴쪽다리의고관절내전과골반경사가증가였다고보고하였고, Lee 등 36 은이러한불균형이족압과균형에부정적인영향을끼친다고보고하였다. 그리고, Choi 등 37 은좌우몸통근육의비대칭적인수축양상은통증발생위험이높아질뿐만아니라효과적인척추안정성에부정적인영향을미칠수있다고보고하였다. 이러한결과를보면신체불균형과하지근력의차이는하지관절의부상을높게만드는요인으로작용할수있을것이다. 근육의불균형은스포츠상해에서언급되는가장일반적이며내재적인요소중의하나이고, 근력의기능적매개변수를평가하는것은상해예방프로그램의디자인에있어매우중요한요소가될수있을것이다. 하지의무릎관절의길항근과주동근사이의근력의비율은하지의안정성에매우중요한요인으로서, 안정적근력비율은경기력뿐만아니라무릎관절의부상예방에도도움을주는것으로보고되고있다. 38 특히배구는넙다리근과무릎굴곡근이달리기와점프같은중요한운동능력에관여하고있으며, 대부분의하지움직임은양쪽으로행해지는강한근수축을필요로한다. 따라서하지한쪽의움직임에더욱의존하는스포츠종목과달리배구는양쪽하지의균형적인근력발달이중요하기때문에양쪽하지의근력차이가적어야될것이다. 위의결과를종합해볼때신체의기능이저하되어있는배구선수에게일정기간의신체안정화운동은시각반응속도, 기능성움직임, 신체균형능력을향상시키는데있어서효과적이었다. 안정화운동은배구선수의균형능력과자세안정성및경기력에도움이되며, 배구선수의안정화된자세와균형잡힌동작을통한기술적능력이조화를이루어야우수한경기력을발휘할수있을것으로생각된다. 본연구의제한점으로대조군없이연구가이루어져일부요인부분들을통제할수없었다는것이제한요인으로보이며향후추가연구를통해실제적으로배구선수의부상예방이나감소에얼마나기여할수있을지에대한부분은장기적으로관찰할수있는연구가요구되어진다. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 이논문은 2020 학년도목포과학대학교학술연구비의지원을받아 연구되었음. 2020 This study was supported by research fund Mokpo Science University, REFERENCES 1. Marques MC, González-Badillo JJ, Kluka D. In-season strength training male professional volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;28(6):6-12. 2. Trajkovic N, Milanovic Z, Sporis G et al. The effects of 6 weeks of preseason skill-based conditioning on physical performance in male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(6):1475-80. 3. Vitale JA, Vitale ND, Cavaleri L et al. Level-and sport-specific Star Excursion Balance Test performance in female volleyball players. J Sport Med Phys Fit. 2019;59(5):733-42. 4. Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engerbretsen L et al. Injury mechanism for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: a systematic video analysis. Am J Sport Med. 2004;32(4):1002-12. 5. Marquez WQ, Masumura M, Ae M. The effects of jumping distance on the landing mechanics after a volleyball spike. Sports Biomech. 2009;8(2):154-66. 6. Silfies SP, Ebaugh D, Pontillo M et al. Critical review of the impact of core stability on upper extremity athletic injury and performance. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015;19(5):360-8. 7. Song JM, Kim SM, The effect of trunk stability exercise on balance and gait in stroke patients. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine 2010:5(3): 413-20. 8. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of spine: part I. Function dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord. 1992;5(4):383-9. 9. Norris CM. Abdominal muscle training in sport. Br J Sports Med. 1993;27(1):19-27. 10. MacGill SM. Low-Back stability: from formal to issues for performance and rehabilitation. Exerc sports Sci Rev. 2001;29:23-31. 11. Sharma A, Geovinson SG, Singh SJ. Effects of a nine-week core strengthen-ing exercise program on vertical jump perform- ances and static balance in volleyball players with trunk instability. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52(6):606-15. 12. Myer GD, Ford KR, Palumbo JP et al. Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(1):51-60. 13. McGill SM, Karpowicz A. Exercises for spine stabilization: motion/motor patterns, stability progressions, and clinical technique. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90:118-26. 14. Jang JU, Kim JH, Lee SH. Effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on balance, muscular strength in golfers with chronic low-back pain. Korean Journal of Sports Science. 2014:23(2):1409-17. 15. Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom BJ et al. Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function- 208 www.kptjournal.org
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