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26 2006 年 5 99~106 QWETY DVOAK 李 葉 理 QWETY DVOAK QWETY 率 (%) 52.447.6 不 DVOAK 率 45.954.1 QWETYDVOAK 了 2.9 % α=0.05 數 率 不良 不 不 易 理 勞 更 易 降 率 [5] () Sholes 1873 年 列 QWETY 列 "QWETY" [20] 度 便 了降 數 率 ( A SO ) 聯 不靈 [20,22] 率 論 類 (visual display terminal, VDT) 來 類 滑 識 識 (input performance) [7,9,11,12,15,17,18,19,24] QWETY 年來 不 DvorakKlockenbergAlphabetic 1943 年 Dvorak 度 率 降 率 勞 DVOAK () Simplified [13] 99

26 AEIOU 列 列 率 70% DHN ST 列 度 降 率 [21] 數 ( ) 數 3.2 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 3.7[3,16] Griffith Alden [7,8] DVOAK QWETY 列 1. 數 2. 70% 列 3. 列 列 4. 量 理 88.87/100 [23]5. 6. 易 不易 勞 DVOAK DVOAK QWETY DVOAK 益不 練 QWETY [10,20] 益 率 率 率 Underwood Schulz [10] 聯 率 率 DVOAK QWETY 2.6 % QWETY DVOAK 兩 不 來 100 (digraph) 串 不 率 聯 度 QWETY DVOAK 串 數 Duncan (MT) 行 QWETY DVOAK 度 2.1 數 數 1. 列 率 2. 數 3. 兩列 率 (/) 2.2 12 6 女 6 年 23~42 ( 29.5 6.59) 不 2.3 CT PHILIPS 17 101 兩 六 28 串 料 串 VDT1 VDT 2 QWETY ( 數 ) DVOAK ( 數 ) QWETY ( 數 ) DVOAK ( 數 ) Er (12560) Do (899) Od (1320) Sh (1981) An (10737) Al (5432) Jd (0) Ch (3445) Th (20662) Jk (0) Gl (307) Up (829) Ed (7348) Dh (18) Ja (49) Ca (2923) Nd (7276) Lh (10) Nb (302) On (10063) At (8789) Ak (581) Cb (0) Ln (13731) En (8682) Dl (224) u (647) Of (6977) Nt (5514) Lk (75) Da (728) Ha (6432) Ti (7836) Kg (9) Kr (12) Vo (903) Ou (4498) Sf (112) Nc (2353) Li (3432) Le (5128) Pd (2) Lg (39) Pu (674) Io (4739) Gs (202) p (223) Or (7593) Ar (6384) Ao (40) Yr (50) To (6080) t (1817) Ok (336) Cy (218) It (6272)

2.4VDT VDT 度 69 cm 23 cm 40 cm(screen inclination)105 度 不 類 VDT 度 420 lux 60 cm 2.5 料 QWETY 率 率 DVOAK 率 率 QWETY DVOAK 率 (/) 率 率 Q W E T Y VDT 2.5 串 練 5 16 量 D V O A K 料 4 2 10 數 率 行 28 串 錄 10, 28 不 料 QWETY 率 52.447.6 DVOAK 率 45.954.1 QWETY DVOAK 率 () 率 QWETY DVOAK 料 1 QWETY DVOAK 率 7.3 7.7 2 QWETY DVOAK 率 流 7.1 6.4 101

26 兩 兩 率 (/) 率 異 (F(1,332) = 36.88p<0.01) 率 7.8 女 率 6.5 兩 率 率 率 異不 DVOAK 率 7.1 QWETY 率 7.2 QWETY DVOAK 數 率 (/) 料 列 率 QWETY 率 兩 不 列 7.3 DVOAK 率 兩 列 7.7 數 QWETY DVOAK 率 異 7.8 7.9 兩列 QWETY DVOAK 率 異 列 7.4 7.5 六 QWETY 列 率 Duncan 率 Q W E T Y 列 率 數 兩列 兩 列 不 列兩 不 列 異 異 列 列 兩列 異 7 QWETY 兩列 Duncan 異 列 列 異 DVOAK 列 率 Duncan 不 列 兩 不 列 異不 DVOAK 兩列 Duncan 異 列 列 異 數 來 QWETY D V O A K 列 率 數 兩列 兩 列 不 列兩 不 列 異 異 列 列 兩列 DVOAK 了 連 率 聯 數 數 來 QWETY 率 聯 數 數 0.154 p < 0.05 QWETY 率 聯 數 DVOAK 率 聯 數 數 -0.085 六 QWETY 列 率 Duncan 列 率 兩 不 列 不 列 兩 列 率 7.3 7.2 7.2 Duncan Grouping 率 異數 102

QWETY 兩列 Duncan 兩列 異 列 兩列 列 率 Duncan Grouping 率 異數 異來 度 **α < 0.01 DVOAK 列 率 Duncan 列 率 兩 列 不 列 兩 不 列 率 7.7 6.6 6.6 Duncan Grouping 利 立 率 率 = 5.48 0.11P1 + 1.86P2 0.07P3 + 1.39S 0.07K P1 列 率 P2 數 P3 兩列 DVOAK 兩列 Duncan 兩列 異 列 兩列 列 率 Duncan Grouping S K 率 數 2 0.302 利 立 率 ( 數 α=0.05) 率 = 5.27 + 1.91 P2 + 1.40 S 率 數 2 0.3 QWETY DVOAK Q W E T Y **α < 0.01 數 DVOAK 0.13 0.96** -0.07 0.31** 0.44** 0.44 0.34** 0.78** 論 論 QWETY DVOAK 率 率 Duncan (MT) 行 料 率 QWETY 率 52.447.6 DVOAK(1936) ( 率 率 聯 數 數 數聯 數 QWETY 率 DVOAK *α < 0.05 103 52.547.5)[14] 量 力 ( 不 ) 數 4159[4] DVOAK 率 45.954.1

26 15 率 量 率 率 量 料來 [4][14] Underwood Schulz [10] 聯 率 率 DVOAK QWETY 2.6 % 率 QWETY 7.2 DVOAK 7.0 了 2.9 % 1 DVOAK QWETY 率 5.5% 2 QWETY DVOAK 率 了 10.9 % 聯 率 率 率 不 率 異 女 理 異 QWETY DVOAK 異 不 率 α=0.05 數 率 參 1. 李 隆 勞 15-16 2. 李 理 Journal of National Cheng-Kung University, Vol. 23, Sci., Eng. & Med. Section, 115-146 (1988) 3. International Conference on Ergonomics in Safety 104 and Health (1994) 4. 理 16 87-94 63 年 5. 度 識 Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, Vol. 10, No. 2, 105-111(1993). 6. 麗 北 82 年 7. Alden, D. G.,. W. Daniels and A. F. Kanarick, Keyboard Design and Operation: A eview of the Major Issues, Human Factors, Vol. 14, 275-293 (1972). 8. Bailey,. W., Human Performance Engineering: A Guide for system designers, 北, (1983). 9. Cakir, A., D. J. Hart and T. F. M. Sewart, Visual Display Terminals: A Manual Coveringergonomics, Workplace, Design, Health and Safety, Task Organization, Wiley, NY, 95-100 & 122-132 (1980). 10. Card, S. K., & T. P. Moran, and A. Newell, The keystroke level Model for User Performance Time with Interactive System, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 13, No. 7, 396-410 (1980). 11. Collins, M., B. Brown, K. Bowman and A. Carkeet, Workstation variables and visual discomfort associated with VDTs, Ergonomics, 21, 157-161 (1990). 12. Diffrient, N., A.. Tilley and D. Harman, Humanscale 4/5/6, MIT Press, MA, 36-37 (1981). 13. Dvorak, A., The is a better typewrite keyboard, National Business Education Quarterly, 12, 51-58 (1943). 14. Dvorak, A., Merrick, N. L., Dealey, W. L., and Ford, C., Typewriting Behavior, New York: American Book Company, (1936). 15. Grandjean, E., W. Hunting and K. Nishiyama,

Prefered VDT workstation settings, body posture and physical impairments, Ergonomics, 15, 99-104 (1984). 16. Huchingson,. D., New-Horizons for Human factors in designing, McGraw-Hill, NY (1981). 17. Jaschinski-Kruza, W., Eyestrain in VDU users: viewing distance and the resting position of ocular muscles, Human Factors, 33, 69-83 (1991). 18. Kieras, D. E. and P. Polson, An approach to formal analysis of user complexity, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 22, 365-394 (1985). 19. Laubli, T., W. Hunting and E. Grandjean, Postural and visual impairments, Ergonomics, 24, 933-934 (1981). 20. McCormick, E. J., and Sanders, M. S., Human Factors in Engineering and Design, McGraw Hill, NY (1983) 21. Michales, S. E., Qwerty Versus Alphabetic keyboards as a function of Typing Skill, Human Factors, Vol. 13, 419-426 (1971). 22. Norman, D. A., and D. Fisher, Why alphabetic keyboard Not Easy to Use: keyboard layout Doesn t Much Matter, Human Factors, Vol. 24, No. 5, 509-519 (1982). 23.. E. Hoke, Improvement of Speed and Accuracy in Typewriting, Johns Hopkins Studies in Education, No. 7, 1-42 (1979). 24. Tullis, T. S., The formatting of alphanumeric displays: a review and analysis, Human Factors, 25, 657-668 (1983). 105

26 A Comparative Study of QWETY and DVOAK Keyboards on Input Performance D. S. Lee and Y. Y. Yeh Department of Industrial Management Abstract Ergonomic principles are an important factor that influenced the keyboards on input performance. The purposes of this study were to compare QWETY and DVOAK keyboards for ergonomic principles on input performance. The results showed that the relative input rate of the right hand and left hand in QWETY keyboard (%) was 52.4:47.6, QWETY keyboard showed that unbalanced with hands. That of in DVOAK keyboard was 45.9:54.1. DVOAK keyboard showed that balanced to relatively accord with hands. QWETY was relatively faster than DVOAK with 2.9%, contrary to past results of study. KeywordsDigraph; Ergonomic principle; Input rate 106