w z wz 16(3) : 375~385, 2011 Korean J Community Nutr 16(3) : 375~385, 2011 DOI:10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.375 «ql y w z sƒ - ƒ w z - ½ Á½ 1) Á½ û 2) w w w ƒ, 1) w, 2) w w ƒ /VUSJUJPOBM"TTFTTNFOUPG.FOV1MBO1SFQBSFEBDDPSEJOHUPUIF5BSHFU1BUUFSO.FOV1SFQBSFECZ)PNF&DPOPNJDT5FBDIFSTBOE.JEEMF4DIPPM(JSMT "3PN,JN.J+FPOH,JN :PVOHOBN,JN Home Economics Education, Graduate School of Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk, Korea 1) Sinmuk Primary School, Seoul, Korea 2) Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk, Korea "CTUSBDU The nutritional balance of the menu plans prepared according to the target pattern was examined. Total of 81 home economics teachers throughout the nation and 161 3rd-grade middle-school girls in Chungnam area participated. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS WIN 12.0. Although both teacher and student groups had fairly good knowledge on preparing menu plans related concepts, they rarely make use any menu planning currently. More than 85% of menu plans investigated exceeded their energy goal in the target pattern. The energy contribution ratios of carbohydrate: protein: fat were 56.1%: 17.4%: 26.5% in teachers' menu plan and 55.1%: 17.2%: 27.7% in students' menu plan. The NAR of the protein, phosphorous, iron, zinc, vitamin A and C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B 6 was 1 or near 1. But in case of calcium, 56.5% of the menu plan prepared by the students was less than 1, and in case of folate 75.3% of teachers', and 85.1% of students' were less than NAR 1. The MAR of the 12 nutrients examined were 0.98, 0.97, and the DVS were 51, 49 for menu plan prepared by teachers and students, respectively. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(3) : 375~385, 2011) KEY WORD : target patternámenu planánutrient adequacy ratioámean adequacy ratioádietary variety score õ mk #p~ # p#ov # # pp# p#mo # # n #n p 1#p #mk #73 lsl# #p #mk # l#o rp# l#p # l# #mk # # # s #mk p# p# v #d +Wkh#Nruhdq#Lqvwlwxwh#ri#Ghprjudsklf r p=#5344 #5o#47p#r rp=#5344 #7o#5;p# r }ˆp=#5344 #9o#55p#}ˆ Corresponding author: Youngnam Kim, Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, 363-791 Darak-ri, Gangnae-myeon, Chungwon-gun, Chungbuk, Korea Tel: (043) 230-3709, Fax: (043) 231-4087 E-mail: youngnam@knue.ac.kr Ê )#Vrfldo#Diidluv#4<;<,1# #q #mk p#e~ #n # #mk # # #e p #p lv # l# k #e p# k# +Nlp#)#Prrq 4<<3,1#v/#e # #p #e p# v # p # #q #mk # # # # v#mk p# pp # p# # eˆ# #p 1# p#mk rp # o l#p #e p #mk # l#mk p#k p# tp #r l# # p# tl# #mk # # p # #l 1# #mk tl #re #p #mk p#kp# s eˆ #e l# np#t #o # rp # k # p e kp +Wkh#Nruhdq#Qxwulwlrq#Vrflhw #5338,1 v/#mk tp#p p#e l# n # #p #e kp# k l 1# v # n #l vm#mk p#kp# p # p 375
376Á«ql y w z sƒ p # l# # l # p #e kp#rn p#mv#k 1#l # l# #e kp# lk# v #e kp#l # # # np q v 1# # n # # eˆ #o # rp #4p#4 # +vhuylqj#vl}h,p# r # # # # l# n # #p # m +Wkh Nruhdq# Qxwulwlrq# Vrflhw # 5334># Wkh# Nruhdq Qxwulwlrq#Vrflhw #5338,1#4p#4 # p#e # e p#r #p # e p#p # l# l# r m 1# #e # e p#4p#4 # p# r# # # n # # l #d # o # #e #kl #4 # +vhuylqj#vl}h,p# o # # #p 1# v # #e #kl e p#s l# #4 # # #l vm#mk # p # #p # l#m # # p 1#m # / # #r # p# n#4p#4 # p#e/# +e,# #<3 j/#633#nfdo #r l#re #p #e#<3 jp 65317 nfdo/# +e,# <3 jp# 63<19# nfdo+wkh Nruhdq#Qxwulwlrq#Vrflhw #5338, #4 # p#l v# #633 nfdom# p #p 1# #mk # l#p l #e # +e, # p #p 1# p#e #e p# n#l vm#mk # p#o # p # v k v /# p #v #l #e # p#e p# mp# #qp# p p# l # # p # l# # p 1# # k #e p# # p#e p# p #l vm#mk # p# #mk tl p# q # l# # # n p#r 1 #l l # qe Ž p# n l#q #e p# p #mk # q# 1#e p#vp# # p #l v# #mk # l# # e # #e # l# # p#p +Rk#5333,1 l v# #mk # p# # p # q # # # p/#mk rr +Qxwulhqw#Dghtxdf #Udwlr= QDU,/# rr +Phdq#Dghtxdf #Udwlr=#PDU, p#pp /#e # #e # l# # # p #e v +Glhwdu #Ydulhw #Vfruh=#GYV,/ e r +Glhwdu #Glyhuvlw #Vfruh=#GGV,# p# rn #p 1# #l l #e p#mk # p #e p#r /# /# k p#s q# /# q l #e kp# #p # r # m# l p# l#e kl# # op# p#lq#t p#q #e l# l# q# 1#r p# # p #e p#l v# p# qe Ž l p# t l vm# /# p#l vrr p+dffhswdeoh Pdfurqxwulhqw#Glvwulexwlrq#Udqjh=#DPGU,/#mk r r +QDU,/# rr +PDU, # n l# /# #e v +GYV,# p # k p# q# 1 l v# #mk p#ep# p#s /#l v# #m k # p#rr p# # sp#mk # # #l p# #lp# p#p 1#l p# #l +Nzrq# 5334>#Ndqj#5338>#Mdqj#)#Kzdqj#5339,/#~ # l +Nlp# )# Fkr# 5334># Mdqj# 5337># Sdun# # 5338> Nlp# )# Nlp# 5338># Mdqj# )# Ohh# 5339># \hrk# 533<,/# p# l +Nlp# # 5338># Fkrl# # 5338> Nlp# #5339d>#Nlp# #5339e>#Ohh#)#Nzdn#5339> Fkrl# )# Fkxqj# 5339># Ohh# )# Fkdqj# 533:># Edh# 533:>#Nzdn# #533;>#Nlp# #533<,# # k #l p# p # p#l #p lrp /#eps # p # p p# #570ku# p# q# p# n #p 1# #570ku# p# n#40gd #s # rp +Nlp# )# Nlp# 5338># Fkrl# #5338>#Nlp# #5339e> Fkrl# )# Fkxqj# 5339># Edh# # 533:># Nlp# # 533<> \hrk# # 533<,/# 50gd # s +Ohh# )# Fkdqj# 533:> Mdqj#)#Ohh#5339,/##60gd #s +Nlp#)#Fkrl>#Nlp #5338/#Nlp# #5339d>#Nzdn# #533;, #p lv p 1#pm# p#eps #l #m #r # n# #v #pv /# qe Ž p# n l#q #e p# p #l v# #mk # p# # l #}k # #ll 1# # #l # qe Ž p n l#q #e p# p #l v# #mk # p#rr p# q# 1# #l l # s p#p q# +pe#q p#s # # p# #vep#r, # p p# l#pe q p# #sr# rp# m 1#v# qe Ž p#r e # p/# qe Ž l#re #e # q# # # # mp /# # #e # l# #pe p# q # m 1#v#pep r # rl #tq p#s l# l#pe p# r # m 1# #tq m# q p#kp# v kkp /#p # #l l p#r rp # # #p 1# # #l p# #n #r pp#k #p p p# n #p # # #e p# k # q # n # #pp# p # 1
½ Á½ Á½ ûá377 óýßá óý #s #533< #;o# # # k#p lrp /# v l # tvlp#4 #r# #q l l# l #të # r # #433 # vl#klq#t #6 l #5:3 p#pp# v l# s #ee m 1#p t#p p# l#l #q # n # #l # v rn /# r #v #;4 +;413(,/#l #494 +8<19(,p#q # m 1 ò Ýßá #l l# n #s # #l q #vr#q # p/# m# r o# Ë #:pp# # p# rë m l# n m 1 Þò v p#l /# e /# /#e k# # p#o #eˆ/#e #q l# # # o #p lp# n#r #kk k /#l v p#e #q l# # d# o #p lp# n#r #s m 1# # #v l# p #e k/#e ˆ/#4p 4 # /#e #q /# qe Ž p#pv#r /# m qp#e #q #l m#kp p#e #q # l# #k k k 1# VSVV#ZLQ#4513p#pn l# m# p/# # t /#w /#χ 5 # p# m 1 e #q p# #q # e m # qe Ž p#wdeoh 4l#re m 1 #4p# q l# l#e # #k /#re/#r p# #4 # #318 n l# #ve m 1# # p# #r e #e # q# #pe p# q # m 1#pe p# q # #r mp /# l#r e #pe p#fdq0sur#613l# #pep # mp /# #44 v/# #66 vm# # p # #; v/# #44 v/# p #49 v/#s #45 v/ r #4; v/# #: v/# p#47 v/# #463s p pe p#r m 1#pe p#re # n#re #pe l# l#e p#q #n #pv # rs # #p e p#re v#kp# n#e p#q #l #p p# # l # l#pe p#re # l 1#s # q p#e p#q # # #e p#63 # pl 1 ÌæõÝ Ð Š ƒ qe Ž l# l#q #e p#l v# p#fdq0sur#613+r n,p#pn l# mp /# p#mk t+plqlvwu #ri#khdowk#)#zhoiduh# 5343,p# q Ž l # re # p # v 4/<33 nfdo/#l v #5/333 nfdom# l#m #k k k 1 Š ƒ e p# p# #o l#l v# /#l vrr p+dpgu,# eˆ/#mk rr +QDU,/# r r +PDU, #s m 1#l vrr p+dpgu, p#ˆ /# v/#v p#l v# # # p# p#mk t+5343/#5338,l #re #p # t m 1# mk rr +QDU,m# rr +PDU,p# n# v/# d/#p/#~/#kl/# ˆ #D/# ˆ #F/#Žk / /# ke/# ˆ #E 9 /#m p#45s#mk l# l# mp /#FDQ0sur#613+r n,p# n l# # p# #mk #t#mk tl # q# p#}r #mk # r # p 1# mk rr +QDU, @ mk # # 000000000000000000000 mk p# q +4#p p# n#4 # t#, Table 1. Suggested serving of each food group in the target pattern of 1,900kcal and 2,000kcal for woman 1) Grain products Meat ½ Fish ½ Egg ½ Legume Vegetables Fruits Milk ½ Dairy products 19~64 years: 1,900 kcal 3 4 7 2 1 12~18 years: 2,000 kcal 3 4 7 2 2 1) Fat, nuts and sugar group(4 servings) is excluded in menu planning because of substitution in the process of cooking(dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2010)
378Á«ql y w z sƒ # rr +PDU, @ 45 v#mk p#mk rr p# 45 v #l v p# rr +PDU,# w0whvw # p m 1 Š ƒ e p# k p#e v +GYV, # m 1#e v +GYV,p# n#e mk l #e p#s #s /# # ˆ/#~ l# # l#pp s p# k p# e # p#e p# ˆ #e # +frgh, # ~ # l# #e p# # v#~ #4rj#v e 1#m # l# p# m# p p# # # v#e p # l# m 1# # v #l v p#e v +GYV,# #w0whvw # m 1 Š ò ó Þò s # p#p p#wdeoh#5m# 1#l # l p# p #73 #66 +731:(,/#63 #5< +681;(,/ 53 #47 +4:16(,/#83 #8 +915(, #s l 1# v Œ p#< #p p#68 +7615(, # q# k 1# p e # r o #98 +;315(,p # p# v mp /# #l pl 1# #494 p# # Kt #6 #q pl 1# le p# #e #q p# # p#p # #:4 +;:1:(,plp /#p p# p #e #q # #nll# #p #r #s # #Wdeoh#6l#re m 1# k #p m# n#q#k #p #p # #e kp# n# #6;13(/#8;18(/#e ˆ#491<(/ :;1<(/#4p#4 # #731;(/# 7814(/# qe Ž 6<18(/#6515(/#e q #7515(/#7918( /# p #8 vp#nl# l # rr#p p#re m 1 e #q # #nl l# # p#p r #s # /# k #p m# n#q#k #p p#p q #e kp# n# #6414(/#614(/#e ˆ#7618(/#4914(/ 4p#4 # #5:19(/#813(/# qe Ž #5414(/#319(/ e #q #5715(/#614( # ˆ 1 e #q # l# 2 dp# o #p l p# nr l# l#s # #Wdeoh#7l#re m 1# ~ #d m# n#d #p p# # 6;13(/#4818(/# p#4716(/#319( # p #plp / ~ # np# m# n# np# #p p# p# n#6<17(/#4714(/# p# n#6317(/#915( # ˆ 1 Table 2. General characteristics of the teachers participatedg 81 (100.0) Age (yrs) N (%) Major (Dept) N (%) Work experience (yrs) N (%) 20~29 14 (17.3) Home Economics 65 (80.2) ~3 52 (52.5) 30~39 29 (35.8) Food Science & Nutrition 56 (57.4) 3~6 33 (40.7) 40~49 33 (40.7) Home Management 58 (59.9) 6~9 11 (13.6) 50~59 55 (56.2) Textile & Clothing 52 (52.5) 9~ 35 (43.2) Table 3. Knowledge on the concepts related to the menu planning Food Guidance System Food Pagoda 1 serving size Target pattern 1 2 3 4 5 Total Mean SD t Teacher 0 (0.0) 0 (50.0) 6 (58.5) 27 (38.0) 38 (58.5) 71 (100.0) 1) 4.5 0.7 Student 3 (1.9) 27 (16.8) 76 (47.2) 50 (31.1) 5 (53.1) 161 (100.0) 3.2 0.8 Teacher 0 (0.0) 0 (50.0) 3 (54.2) 12 (16.9) 56 (78.9) 71 (100.0) 4.7 0.5 Student 2 (1.2) 14 (58.7) 49 (30.4) 70 (43.5) 26 (16.1) 161 (100.0) 3.6 0.9 Teacher 0 (0.0) 3 (54.2) 7 (59.9) 29 (40.8) 32 (45.1) 71 (100.0) 4.3 0.8 Student 4 (2.5) 36 (22.4) 70 (43.5) 43 (27.6) 8 (55.0) 161 (100.0) 3.1 0.9 Teacher 1 (1.4) 2 (52.8) 15 (21.1) 28 (39.5) 25 (32.2) 71 (100.0) 4.0 0.9 Student 13 (8.1) 47 (29.2) 64 (39.8) 34 (21.1) 1 (50.6) 161 (100.0) 2.8 0.9 Teacher 0 (0.0) 0 (50.0) 8 (11.3) 30 (42.2) 33 (46.5) 71 (100.0) 4.4 0.7 Menu planning Student 8 (5.0) 35 (21.7) 74 (46.0) 39 (24.2) 5 (53.1) 161 (100.0) 3.0 0.9 1) The 10 teachers were excluded whom no experience on teaching of manu planning and target pattern 1 = don't know at all ~ 5 = know very well ***: P < 0.001 11.80*** 11.66*** 9.55*** 9.50*** 11.55***
½ Á½ Á½ ûá379 m# q#e p#q #p v/#kp #e p#q # p#p v#s # /# p# n#:<13(/#415(/ 6719( # # mp /# p#:417(/#3(/#651<( # #p m +Wdeoh#8,1# Š ƒ m# p#q #e p#l v# # eˆ #Wdeoh#9l#re m 1# p#e p# #4/87< nfdol # #5/787 nfdo/# p#e p# #4/:6; nfdo/# #6/3<; nfdo #s l 1# # #l v# p# #q #e #5/437 nfdo/# p#q #e #5/5<6 nfdo # ˆ 1# qe Ž p# # #l v# #4/<33 nfdo # t mp# /# # q # e p# 4618( p 4/<33 nfdo# plp /#;918( #4/<33 nfdo#p pl 1# #q #e p#l v# p# t#l v#4/<33 nfdol# #(# p # mp# /#Ë 8(l# #e p#5413(plp /#53( # #e 4<1;( # l 1# qe Ž p# # #l v# 5/333 nfdo # t mp# /# p#q #e p 61:( p#5/333 nfdo# plp /#e p#l v# p# t#l v#5/333 nfdol# #(# p # mp /#Ë8(l# #e p# p#q #e p#;14(l# # p # ˆ 1# Š ƒ é ".%3 m# p#q #e p#ˆ /# v/#v p#l v# # /#p #l v#mk p#l vrr p+dpgu,# #eˆ # mp /# # # Wdeoh#: #;l#re m 1 #q #e p#l v# #ˆ /# v/ v # #8914(/#4:17(/#5918(plp /# p#q e p# #8814(/#4:15(/#5:1:(pl 1# #q Table 4. Easy to teach, easy to learn and benefit to daily life of menu planning by target pattern Easy to G teach/learn Benefit on G daily life 1 2 3 4 5 Total Mean SD t Teacher 0 (0.0) 11 (15.5) 22 (31.0) 27 (38.0) 11 (15.5) 71 (100.0) 1) 3.5 0.9 Student 15 (9.3) 48 (29.2) 74 (46.0) 23 (14.3) 1 (50.6) 161 (100.0) 2.7 0.9 Teacher 1 (1.4) 6 (58.5) 26 (36.6) 28 (39.4) 10 (14.1) 71 (100.0) 3.6 0.9 Student 7 (4.3) 28 (17.4) 67 (41.6) 49 (30.4) 10 (56.2) 161 (100.0) 3.2 0.9 1) The 10 teachers were excluded whom no experience on teaching of manu planning and target pattern 1 = not at all ~ 5 = very much so **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 6.87*** 3.00** Table 5. Practice of menu planning in the past & present, and intention of menu planning in the future Past Present Future Yes No Yes No Yes No Total Teacher 64 (79.0) 1) 17 (21.0) 1 (1.2) 580 (598.8) 28 (34.6) 53 (65.4) 581 (100.0) Student 115 (71.4) 46 (28.6) 0 (0.0) 161 (100.0) 53 (32.9) 108 (67.1) 161 (100.0) χ 2 1.31 1.00 0.26 1) N (%) Table 6. Energy content of the menu plan prepared by the target pattern and the percent difference of energy content to references kcal ~1,700 1,700~1,900 1,900~2,100 2,100~2,300 2,300~2,500 2,500~2,700 2,700~ Total Teacher N (%) 1 (1.2) 10 (12.3) 28 (34.6) 28 (34.6) 14 (17.3) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 81 (100.0) Student N (%) 0 (0.0) 6 (53.7) 22 (13.7) 67 (41.6) 39 (24.2) 14 (58.7) 13 (58.1) 161 (100.0) % difference ~ 10% 10~-5% 5%~0 0~5% 5~10% 10~20% 20%~ Total Teacher kcal ~1,710 1,710~1,805 1,805~1,900 1,900~1,995 1,995~2,090 2,090~2,280 2,280~ N (%) 1 (1.2) 4 (54.9) 6 (57.4) 11 (13.6) 16 (19.8) 27 (33.3) 16 (19.8) 81 (100.0) kcal ~1,800 1,800~1,900 1,900~2,000 2,000~2,100 2,100~2,200 2,200~2,400 2,400~ Student N (%) 0 (0.0) 2 (51.2) 4 (52.5) 9 (55.6) 12 (57.4) 60 (37.3) 74 (46.0) 161 (100.0) Mean SD = 2,104 185 kcal (teacher); 2,293 245l kcal (student) Range: 1,549~2,454 kcal (teacher); 1,738~3,098 kcal (student)
380Á«ql y w z sƒ #e p# n#l v#mk p#l vrr p +DPGU,# t # l # n #ˆ #6:13(/# v#61:(/#v #9<14(plp /# p# n # #ˆ #831<(/# v#614(/#v #5818(pl 1 Š ù ö é /"3 m# p#q #e l# l# v/# v 7s/# ˆ #:s/##45s#mk p#mk rr +QDU, # mp /# # #Wdeoh#<l#re m 1 mk rr # q# k #mk #m p # Table 7. Energy contribution ratio and adequacy evaluation of carbohydrate and protein contribution to energy in the menu plan prepared by the target pattern Carbohydrate ~55% 55%~70% 1) 70%~ Total Protein Contribution ratio (%) 2) ~7% 7%~20% 20%~ Total Contribution ratio (%) Teacher 30 (37.0) 3) 51 (63.0) 0 (0.0) 581 (100.0) 56.1 3.5 0 (0.0) 578 (96.3) 3 (3.7) 581 (100.0) 17.4 1.3 Student 82 (50.9) 79 (49.1) 0 (0.0) 161 (100.0) 55.1 3.9 0 (0.0) 156 (96.9) 5 (3.1) 161 (100.0) 17.2 1.5 1) Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2005, 2) Mean SD, 3) N (%) Table 8. Energy contribution ratio and adequacy evaluation of fat contribution to energy in the menu plan prepared by the target pattern Teacher ~15% 15%~ 25% 25%~ Student Contribution ratio (%) 1) ~15% 15%~30% 30%~ Contribution ratio (%) N (%) 0 (0.0) 25 (30.9) 56 (69.1) 26.5 3.4 0 (0.0) 120 (74.5) 41 (25.5) 27.7 3.8 1) Mean SD Table 9. The NAR of protein, mineral and vitamin in the menu plan prepared by the target pattern Protein 1.0 ~0.7 0.7~0.9 0.9~1.0 Total Mean SD t 1.0~1.5 1.5~2.0 2.0~ Total Teacher 0 (50.0) 1) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 1 (51.2) 41 (50.6) 39 (48.2) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 38 (23.6) 123 (76.4) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 NA 2) Calcium Teacher 1 (51.2) 5 (56.2) 7 (58.7) 58 (71.6) 9 (11.1) 1 (51.2) 68 (583.9) 81 (100.0) 0.98 0.06 4.68*** Student 9 (55.6) 34 (21.1) 48 (29.8) 67 (41.6) 3 (51.9) 0 (50.0) 70 (543.5) 161 (100.0) 0.93 0.11 Mineral Phosphorous Teacher 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 24 (29.6) 57 (70.4) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 NA Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 23 (14.3) 108 (67.1) 30 (18.6) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Iron Zinc Vitamin A Teacher 0 (50.0) 1 (51.2) 3 (53.7) 61 (75.4) 10 (12.4) 6 (57.4) 77 (595.1) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.03 0.877 Student 0 (50.0) 1 (50.6) 1 (50.6) 106 (65.9) 51 (31.7) 2 (51.2) 159 (598.8) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.02 Teacher 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 56 (69.1) 25 (30.9) 0 (50.0) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 22 (13.7) 108 (67.1) 31 (19.2) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Teacher 0 (50.0) 1 (51.2) 0 (50.0) 13 (16.1) 28 (34.6) 39 (48.1) 80 (598.8) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.03 Student 2 (51.2) 3 (51.9) 6 (53.7) 24 (14.9) 51 (31.7) 75 (46.6) 150 (593.2) 161 (100.0) 0.99 0.05 NA 1.65 Vitamin Vitamin C Thiamin Riboflavin Teacher 1 (51.2) 5 (56.2) 3 (53.7) 40 (49.4) 21 (25.9) 11 (13.6) 72 (588.9) 81 (100.0) 0.99 0.03 0.662 Student 3 (51.9) 9 (55.6) 10 (56.2) 82 (50.9) 39 (24.2) 18 (11.2) 139 (586.3) 161 (100.0) 0.98 0.06 Teacher 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 46 (56.8) 26 (32.1) 9 ( 11.1) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 69 (42.8) 69 (42.9) 23 (14.3) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Teacher 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 44 (54.3) 31 (38.3) 6 (53.7) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 37 (23.0) 107 (66.4) 17 (10.6) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 NA NA Niacin Teacher 0 (50.0) 1 (51.2) 1 (51.2) 18 (22.2) 44 (54.4) 17 (21.0) 79 (597.6) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.02 1.27 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 46 (28.6) 77 (47.8) 38 (23.6) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Teacher 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 3 (53.7) 25 (30.9) 53 (65.4) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Vitamin B 6 Student 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 9 (55.6) 51 (31.7) 101 (62.7) 161 (100.0) 161 (100.0) 1.00 0.00 Folate Teacher 17 (21.0) 28 (34.6) 16 (19.7) 20 (24.7) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 20 (524.7) 81 (100.0) 0.84 0.15 3.75*** Student 65 (40.4) 51(31.7) 21 (13.0) 24 (14.9) 0 (50.0) 0 (50.0) 24 (514.9) 161 (100.0) 0.76 0.18 1) N (%), 2) Non applicable, ***: P < 0.001 NA
½ Á½ Á½ ûá381 Table 10. The MAR of the menu plan prepared by the target pattern MAR ~0.9 0.9~1.0 Total Mean SD (Range) t Teacher 0 (0.0) 1) 81 (100.0) 81 (100.0) 0.98 0.02 (0.90~1.00) 4.14*** Student 2 (1.2) 159 (298.8) 161 (100.0) 0.97 0.02 (0.82~1.00) 1) N (%) ***: P < 0.001 Table 11. The DVS of the menu plan prepared by the target pattern ~40 40~50 50~60 60~70 70~ Total Mean SD (Range) t Teacher 15 (18.5) 1) 23 (28.4) 33 (40.8) 57 (8.6) 3 (3.7) 581 (100.0) 51.0 10.9 (28~93) 1.43 Student 28 (17.4) 68 (42.2) 45 (28.0) 16 (9.9) 4 (2.5) 161 (100.0) 49.0 59.6 (27~78) 1) N (%) m#l p#e # #31;7/#31:9plp /# pp#l p# dp #31<6pl 1# v#mk p# #mk rr #31<;#p p # ˆ 1 Š ö é."3 m# p#q #e p# rr +PDU, # #Wdeoh#43l#re m 1# #q #e p #PDUp#31<;/# #q #e p# #PDUp 31<:plp /#PDUp#31<# p# n # p#q #e #t#5 +415(,l# m /# #q #e #tl # # #ll 1 Š ƒ m# p#q #e p# k # # p ˆ #e v +GYV,#s # #Wdeoh#44l#r e m 1# # v # #q #e p# n#8413/ #q #e p# n#7<13plp /# # #5; vl # #<6 v/# p# #5: vl # #:; v # ˆ 1# #q #e p#83 93 v 731;( # q# kp /# p#q #e p#73 83 v #7515( # q# k 1 p#mk tl#re # e #q p#m # / k /#re/#r /# ep # l#pe p # #e p#re l#p # qe Ž lp#e # q l #e #pe# #pe#q p#s m# #kp#r e l#p +Plqlvwu #ri#khdowk#)#zhoiduh# #5343,1 e #q # # np# #t #6 # Ë r# #;s+mxqj# #5335>#Nlp# #5335>#Ohh# #5335d> Ohh# #5335e>#Ohh# #5335f>#Vrqj# #5335>#\rrq #5335>#\rx# #5335,p# # /#mk tl p# qe Ž l# #e # q # re l#plp /# #e #q p# rl #9sp# #pe p# r # p#pe#q p#s m#kp#r # #re #plp /#5s+Mxqj# #5335>#Vrqj# 5335,p#pe#q p# r #pe p# r # p#re #pl 1# #n # p#qt#v # # /# /#ˆ# p# n#4/#5 v#q p #pep# lv # #k /# q #re #kp# tp #pe q # mp# #r # #pep# l#v# #p vl# # ep#l 1# #pep# # rl#er l # p#rp# p# #s p# p#p #pe#q p#k # # p# p# v#k #p pp# p# # #pe#q p#s # # l# l#pe p# r # # #k /#pe p# r #p el# l #q p#s # #kp#sr #l # r # #l # v /# # v # n #s l e #q p# p# # # #p 1# #l l e p#q # #tq p#e l# l#pe p# r # mp /# #tq # # q p# #sr# rp# l 1#p # #l p#r rp # # #p 1# pl #45 4; #lqp# qe Ž p# #l v# #4/<33 nfdo/#5/333 nfdol# #p 1# pl #45 4; #lqp#e # q # /# Ë Ë Ë /#} /# p p#7 # # # p /#noëor # llq #4 /#45 4; #lq 5 # p #p 1# #ovë p# q #7 #s #e# j# n #kp # e /#e l # # v# k # p # l# p +Plqlvwu # ri Khdowk#)#Zhoiduh# #5343,1
382Á«ql y w z sƒ e #q # #nl#8 v/#v#e k/#e ˆ/#4 p#4 # /# qe Ž /#e q l# #p #r 8 #} +4 @ r # # #8 @ n#q#k #p, #pn l#s # /# p#8 v# #nll# l#713+ ~ #k #p,#p p# p#r # m # / p#r p#51; 619p # #713# pl 1#e #q # #nl#8 v#t# # # #e ˆl# p #r # q# kp /# pp#e kpl /# q e Ž l# #p #r # q# k 1#4p#4 # e #q p# n# m# p#p #r # o # # p /# #e #q /# p#4p#4 # p#p #r # k 1#e q # #8 v#nll# # m# p#p #r # #415 417 # ˆ +S?31334,1# # # l# #s # q # p# n # p ll # +e k/#4p#4 # /#e q # 3(>#e ˆ # qe Ž # #715(,/# p# n e ˆ#<1<(# # qe Ž #6:16( #s l# m# p# p #ppp# p # #pl 1#e kp p pp#e l #mk tp#rn #l n mk tp#d # s #4p# q e p#re l#mkrp # p#p #e # # #p # k # k +Plqlvwu #ri#khdowk#)#zhoiduh# #5343,p r #pp /# qe Ž p# e k#4p#4 # # #pn l#q #4p#e +Plqlvwu ri#khdowk#)#zhoiduh# #5343,p #rp l#p /#e kp# q#q#k #p /# qe Ž p# q# nl # ˆ # #p #nll# # p# v# #ˆp # # #p 1# # # /# n # #r #p #p v# #p # 1# e #q # Ë dp# o l# l# #l n# p# rr# p#4818(l# mp /# # o p# rrp #p # p#471<(l# m +S? 31334,1# d# p#p # p#l #p # p# # p# r #p #Ž 1#p lp# nr l# l# np# v#k #p p# #<1<(/# 541:( # p #plp +S?3134,/# p# pp#k v #e p# l# #tn l# l# # e # p # tp#k # 1# m# qp#e #q # # p#e #q # l# #v l # p#:<13(/ p#:417( #q p# p#p #p mp # q e #q p#e} #p q #s # q#575 # n r # #4pp#rn #r #ll 1# # l e #q p# #p # p#rv#kpp# # #e #q p#tn l# #pe# s# #e #q # p v#kp# #k /#pep#tq m# q p#kp# # rp#l # l#r # n v# # p # 1#kp #s # qp#426# p#e #q p e} #pv # m /#p p#o l# o #e #q p# /# #qlp#re 1 e p#l v# p# mp# # m# p q #e p#841<(/#;519( #5/433 nfdo # # p # ˆ 1# pl # qe Ž l p#l v tp #re l#p #4/<33 nfdom# mp# /# #q #e p#4618(# p#4/<33 nfdo#p #s l /# p# n#61:( p#~ #lq# qe Ž l p#l v# tp#5/333 nfdo#p #s l 1#tq m# q p#kp# v#kp#e pv #p pp e p#q # # r# o #rn # #p # p #rp# # #l v# # #tp# #p # # # n#e #q # p# p# n # # #p 1#e p# # #e l# l#pep# # # v # ˆp# # # #e k p#srl# # # n 1# qe Ž l p#e # #re # e#n p#pe # v p# l#te # ep # # ep# e# # v p#s # l#pe # #re # p # # #p 1 #q #e p#ˆ =# v=#v #l v #8914(=#4:17(=#5918(pl /# p#q #e p#l v# #8814(=#4:15(=#5:1:( # p#p r# p/#v#l vrr p+dpgu,=#ˆ #88( :3(/ v#:( 53(/#v p#48( 58(+4<,/#63(+6 4;,p# ol# # p # ˆ +Plqlvwu #ri Khdowk#)#Zhoiduh# #5343,1#533:# mks +Plqlvwu # ri# Khdowk# )# Zhoiduh/# Nruhd# Fhqwhuv# iru Glvhdvh#Frqwuro#dqg#Suhyhqwlrq#533:,# # #n p# ˆ =# v=# v # l v # 991;(= 4;18(=#471:( #re l /#p # l# # # p /# #l #e l# # # p #er m# # #p 1#ˆ p#l v p# #eˆ # mp# /# #q #e p#6:13(/# p#q #e p#831<( #rrr p#88(# p # ˆ /# rr p#:3( # #e p# m # # #ll 1# vp#l v# # eˆ # mp# /#rrr p#:(# p#e p# ll /# rr p#53( # #e p#
½ Á½ Á½ ûá383 61:(/# #614( # l# m 1#v p#l v # eˆ # mp# /#rrr p#48(# p#e p# #ll /# rr p#58(+,/#63(+, p# #e p# #9<14(/# #5818( #ˆ 1# m# p#q #e p#l v# # # /#v p#rrr p# p#e p#r #ll # rr pp# #e p# pp# kp /# e ˆ p# rr pp# #e p# #l l # #rrr p# p#e p# pp# k 1 #p #t#rˆ /# v #pep# ˆ # p# kpp#k# #plp /#erp# eˆ# # m# mp# +Plqlvwu # ri# Khdowk# )# Zhoiduh/# Nruhd Fhqwhuv#iru#Glvhdvh#Frqwuro#dqg#Suhyhqwlrq#533:, ˆ p#ps pp#43(# # /# e#v p#ps pp#45 46(# k 1# v#l v# #e p# p# p#rr tl# # p # ˆ 1# m# p#q #e l# l# v/#7s# v+ d/#p/#~/#kl,/#:s# ˆ + ˆ #D/# ˆ #F/ Žk /# /# ke/# ˆ #E 9 /#m,p#qdup# # /# v/#p/#kl/#žk /# /# ˆ #E 9 p#9s#mk # #413p# mp /# #p p e p# v/#p/#kl/#žk /# /# ˆ #E 9 p#9s#mk # # q #p # # #p pp#k# #pl 1# q # # p# q# s #m k #m p # #q #e p#:816(/# q #e p#;814( # q p# seˆv# # p # ˆ /# # #q #e p#7317( #QDU#31: p# p #s l 1# q p# seˆv# mk # n #kl/# ˆ #D/# kep# # sp#e # pp# n# kp +:(#,/# ˆ #F # s#e # pp#p #s # p#45(# n # p l 1 dp# n# #q #e p# q # # s# p p#4914( # v#kkp /# p#q #e p# s# pp#8918( #r p# l 1# dp# # o l#noëor p# q # p#4 /#~ #5 # qe Ž l#re #ppl # # qe Ž p#rn l#q #e p# d# p# q l# # p # ˆ 1#no#4 # #533 pol dp#543 pj# lp +Wkh#Nruhdq#Qxwulwlrq#Vrflhw 5338,/# #5 # p# d#753 pjp# #pp /#p #lt p# d# q #<33 pjp#r # tp 1# # #no#5 # p #lt p# d# q p# seˆv# # n # # #p # p ˆ 1# #no# e#n # # n#4 # p#433 jp /#5 # p# d# p#no #rp 547 pjp # l+wkh# Nruhdq# Qxwulwlrq# Vrflhw 5338,/#no# #or # p #~ p# d# q p# seˆ #l n# p # ˆ 1#QDU#513#p p#e # pp#73( # #mk # v/# ˆ #D/# ˆ #E 9 #6sp # p# # tp k v # p p#n #m 1 m# p#q #e p# p # v/# v/# ˆ p#45s#mk l# #PDU# # #31<;/ 31<: #n # p # ˆ 1#~ # p#ep #s #q l# l# #PDUp#3195 31;; +Nlp#) Fkr# 5334># Mdqj# 5337># Sdun# # 5338># Mdqj# )# Ohh 5339>#\hrk# #533<,# #l l p#pdu #o # k 1# #l #er# l# #s # #k /#e l# #s # p# l# p #pp# #pp /# #e p# l #l v# p# k # pp k # l#pdu# # # #p # 1 # k# #e p# v #e p#vp# #tp# p#e v +GYV, #s # +Rk 5333,/# #q #e p#84/# #q #e p#7< # ˆ 1# mks #q #t#~ #q # # l l p# GYV# 53+\hrk# # 533<,/# 54+Sdun# 5338, # l#518 # p# p 1#570ku# p rn l#er# p#s # n# e p# # rl #p #e p# # n # # #pp / #pep# q #t#p #rn # #p # l#gyv #er #r # # #p 1 ÝŠÊ #l #e #q # l#nll# #p #r / /# q/# p#e #q #eˆ #kk k /# qe Ž p# n l#q #e p# p #e p#vp m 1# s # p#rn l#q # r # ;4 /#lq#t #6 # #494 p#e p# p #r /# /# k p# mp /# #nk p # 1#e l p#pe p#tq # #e # r lp /# #pe#q p# #srp# #r #l p 1 4,#e k/#e ˆ/#4p#4 /# qe Ž / e #q l# #p #r #8 #} #s # #713 71:/# p#51; 619p # p#p #r
384Á«ql y w z sƒ o # k 1 5,# m# # #:<13(/#:417( #e #qrp# p#plp /# q # #4pp#rn # #e p#q v#k #pp /#kp # p#6719(/# p#651<( #e #q p# p#v #p #p m 1# 6,#e p#r # #l v# p# # /# p#e p#4/87< nfdo 5/787 nfdo# p#e p#4/:6; nfdo 6/3<; nfdo # # # #r m# # # # n# /# m# #e p# ;918(/#<916( # qe Ž l #re #p # t#l v#4/<33 nfdom#5/333 nfdo # # p # ˆ 1 7,#e p# # #o l#dpgup#s # /# p# n#ˆ p#6:13(p#e p#r# t l# mp /# v #v p# #61:(/#9<14( # # tp# m 1# p#e p#831<( #ˆ p#r# tl# mp /# v #v p# #614(/ 5818( # # tp# l#rˆ /# v p#e p# k 1 QDUp# n#s # #mk p# p#413p# mp /# # d #m p#413# p# pp# k 1# d p# n# m# # #4914(/#8918( #413# pl p /#m p# m# # #:816(/#;814( #413# / v# q p# seˆv# #e p # ˆ 1#PDUp# m# p# # #31<;/#31<: # p l 1 8,#e p# k # #o l#gyv#s # # # #84/#7< # ˆ 1 le p# l#e #q # #vep# # n p#v #s # q#pl # /# q#e p#q # p# #4 p#rn #ll #s # #e # # 1#n # r# Ë r# #; sl#re #e #q p# # # # #k #p l#rn # #p #d # l#pv#k # l# nl#r p# # # l#l # 1# # #e #q # p# p# n # # #p 1# qe Ž l p#e # #re # e#n p#pe # vp# l#te # ep # # ep# e# # vp#s # l#pe # re # # # n# p# p# n #Ž 1# #er # #pel# #s #k /# q# #pep# r # p#e l# l#e p#vp# mp# #rˆ /# v ep# p p# p# p#n # p# # p# # #m p /# #n p#e l#pl# d #m p# p v eˆ# #p # qe Ž p# p# n # 1 Ù Bae YJ, Lee JC, Kim MH (2007): Nutritional status and dietary quality of college students by residing types in Samcheok. J Korean Diet Assoc 13(4): 311-330 Choi J, Chung YJ (2006): Evaluation of diet quality according to food consumption between highly educated, married, unemployed women. Korean J Nutr 39(3): 272-285 Choi MK, Kim HS, Kee WY, Lee H, Ze KR, Park JD (2005): Comparative evaluation of dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorous, iron, and zinc in rural, coastal, and urban district. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 34(5): 659-666 Jang HS (2004): The assessment of diet quality according to exercise practices of middle school students. Korean J Exercise Nutr 8(3): 292-301 Jang HS, Hwang IJ (2006): Nutrient intakes and physical activity self-efficacy of high-rade elementary school students according to obesity index. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 18(4): 67-84 Jang HS, Lee SY (2006): The body composition and the nutrient intakes of the physical-education high school male athletics and high school male students. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 18(4): 207-216 Jung SB, Lee SB, Lee JS, Lee CJ, Lee HS, Na HJ, Mo TW, Chun HJ (2002): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Gyohaksa, Seoul, pp.84-61 Kang KJ (2005): A study on food habits, nutrient intakes and nutritional quality of preschool children in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 10(4): 471-483 Kim BR, Cho YE (2001): A study on the evaluation of nutrient intake of middle school students in Kangneung. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30(4): 739-746 Kim BR, Kim YM (2005): A study on the food habits and the evaluation of nutrient intakes of high school students in Chungcheon. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 17(3): 35-52 Kim JY, Moon SJ (1990): An Ecological analysis of the relationship between diet diversity and nutrient intake. Korean J Nutr 23(5): 309-316 Kim MH, Bae YJ, Lee DH, Cho HK, Choi SH, Sung CJ (2005): A evaluation study on nutrient intake status and diet quality of middle and old aged vegetarian women in Korea. Korean J Community Nutr 10(6): 869-879 Kim MH, Bae YJ, Sung CJ (2006a): A evaluation study on nutrient intake and diet quality of male college students according to packyear in Korea. Korean J Nutr 39(6): 572-584 Kim MH, Lee JC, Bae YJ (2009): The evaluation study on eating behavior and dietary quality of elderly people residing in Samchuck according to age group. Korean J Community Nutr 14(5): 495-508 Kim MH, Lee JC, Bae YJ, Cho HK, Kim MH, Kim EY, Hing WJ, Sung CJ (2006b): Nutritional status and diet quality of female college students by living together with or without parents. J
½ Á½ Á½ ûá385 East Asian Soc Dietary Life 16(6): 635-645 Kim MH, Lee JC, Bae YJ (2009): The evaluation study on eating behavior and dietary quality of elderly people residing in Samcheok according to age group. Korean J Community Nutr 14(5): 495-508 Kim PW, Kim GS, Kim JM, Kang SM, Lee KG, You HS, Chang MS, Hwang HY, Lee NS (2002): Middle school technologyá home economics. Gihaksa, Seoul, pp.15-21 Kwak KS, Bae YJ, Kim MH (2008): Nutritional status and dietary quality in the low-income elderly residing at home or in health care facilities. J Korean Diet Assoc 14(4): 337-350 Kwon JY, Park H, Whang EM (2001): The assessment of dietary quality in toddler of 12-36 months. Korean J Nutr 34(2): 176-187 Lee BG, Kwon YC, Song GD, Ryeu GH, Han SS, Choi MS, Han MC (2002): Middle school technologyáhome Economics. Geumsungchulpansa, Seoul, pp.14-19 Lee MS, Kwak CS (2006): The comparison in daily intake of nutrients, quality of diets and dietary hablits between male and female college students in Daejeon. Korean J Community Nutr 11(1): 39-51 Lee SH, Chang N (2007): Effectiveness of nutrition education on dietary habits and diet quality in the weight loss and weight gain groups in college women. Korean J Nutr 40(5): 463-474 Lee SH, Lee YS, Kim JS, Seung C, Lee GH, Lim GH, Lee KY, Lee EY, Kim DN, Lee JW, Kim YM (2002a): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Dusan, Seoul, pp. 64-69 Lee SS, Yun MS, Coh IK, Kim HK, Pak YK, Choi GH, Song YK, Min CK (2002b): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Chunjaegyoyuk, Seoul, pp.75-82 Lee TW, Kim HJ, Chai GH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Chung MH, Hong SH (2002c): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Hongjin P&M, Seoul, pp.70-72 Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007): 2007 National health statistics. National health and nutrition survey IV, 1st year [2007] Ministry of Health & Welfare, The Korean Nutrition Society, Korea Food & Drug Administration (2010): Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. First revision, 2010. The Korean Nutrition Society. Seoul, pp 524-544, 592, 603-616 Oh SY (2000): Analysis of methods on dietary quality assessment. Korean J Community Nutr 5(25): 362-367 Park MY, Park EJ, Chung YJ (2005): Evaluation of diet quality of Korean adolescents based on nutrient and food and food group intake. J Chungnam Human Ecol 18(1): 95-110 Song HG, Lee YI, Ryeu CS Park JS Jeon R, Kim MS, Lee HG (2002): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Daehangy okwaseo, Seoul, p.63-67 The Korean Institute of Demographic & Social Affairs (1989): Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (fifth Revision), Komunsa, Seoul, pp.13 The Korean Nutrition Society (2001): Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th Revision, 2000), Juang-AngMun Hwa Sa, Seoul The Korean Nutrition Society (2005): Dietary reference intakes for Korean, pp. i-vi, 331-335 The Korean Nutrition Society (2005): Food composition table (CD) in dietary reference intakes for Korean Yeoh YJ, Yoon J, Shim JE (2009): Relation of breakfast intake to diet quality in Korean school-aged children: analysis of the data from the 2001 National health and nutrition survey. Korean J Community Nutr 14(1): 1-11 You CR, Kim ET, Ahn JH, Gi YI, Sung HK, Oh MS, Lee SH, Lee YS, Chung OB, Coh JS (2002): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Dongwhasa, Seoul, pp.14-18 Yoon IK, Kwak SM, Chung CY, Choi YH, Song IM, Lee MS, Park SY (2002): Middle school technologyáhome economics. Gyohakyeongusa, Seoul, pp.69-73