16(2)-01.fm

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1 w z wz 16(2) : 265~277, 2011 Korean J Community Nutr 16(2) : 265~277, 2011 DOI: /kjcn 칼슘강화메뉴첨가에의한학교급식식단조정이여고생의영양소섭취개선에미치는효과 Á 1) Á w w w œá 1) w t w Effect of School Lunch Menu Intervention through Calcium Enriched Menus on Nutrient Intakes of High School Girls &PO,ZPVOH-FF:PVOH4VO$IPJ #PL4FPO#BF Department of Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea 1) Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea "CTUSBDU This study was conducted to improve the nutritional status of high school girls via lunch menu intervention. Surveys were carried out twice to evaluate basal status and status after lunch menu intervention. In the first survey nutrient intakes of 24-hour and school lunch were each estimated by 24-hour recall dietary survey and self-recording, respectively. Calcium intake was the lowest among nutrients, and stir-frying was the most preferred cooking method. Five dishes of school lunch menus which were included in the first survey were replaced with recipes containing foods with higher calcium level; anchovy stir-fried with red pepper paste, anchovy stir-fried with almond, pork stirfried with shredded kelp, crab meat soup, and tteokbokki with cheese. In the second survey calcium intake from school lunch was significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 45.5% to 50.2% of one thirds of recommended intake (RI) after calcium enriched lunch menu intervention. Intakes of vitamin A and E were also significantly increased, whereas those of energy, thiamin, and vitamin C were decreased. Index of nutritional quality values of nutrients of 24-hour intakes (except thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C) is increased by intervention; however, those of calcium, folic acid, iron are still very low. Even though this study shows a possibility of improving nutrient intakes of students through school lunch menu intervention, lunch intervention by itself is not enough action to improve nutritional status of micronutrient for adolescents. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(2) : 265~277, 2011) KEY WORD : calcium enriched menuáschool lunch menu interventionádietary Reference Intakes for KoreansÁhigh school students 서 ~ #p l #r5p# q #e~r# q p# rp #p lr# qp#m l# #e p #r r# # l# p# l #tn #e #ed # # r l# #e p 1#~ p#m #e p# #e~r# q # p#v #p r p=#5344 #4o#64p#r rp=#5344 #5o#55p# r }ˆp=#5344 #6o#36p#}ˆ Corresponding author: Bok-Seon Bae, Department of Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Daegu University, Jilyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk , Korea Tel: (053) , Fax: (053) bbseon@hanmail.net 론 p#mk tp# se #t /#e r#kr# # # l# p#m p#t #p#e p#sp#ed p# #q e #mo # p f#p p# # p# # +Nx# #5339,1# #l p# n# ~ #t lv #e p #~ p#q # #ed p# pp# #p #k # p# l # v v# #m p# # #p 1 n p# p#~ p#k e/#qp# e/# e# e# # p# v v# #ed # #k #e ˆ l#pl # p#ot # l# e # #v e l# # p /#v /# d # #m # # # d/# ˆ #D/#~p# s # # #mkrp # rp#e # #p # p # ˆ +Vklp# #5334> \l# #5339,1#Nlp+5343,p#l l#p #t l # p# kv #mkve#r # kv # ll# # 265

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4 268Á š w sƒ Table 1. Comparison of nutrient contents of dishes manipulated with calcium rich foods and those of conventional dishes Dish Energy (kcal) Calcium (mg) Phosphorus (mg) Iron (mg) Potassium (mg) Pork stir-fried with red pepper pasteg(48 g/serving) Before 1) Anchovies stir-fried with red pepper paste (38 g/serving) Atfer 2) Anchovies stir-fried with cherry peppers (24 g/serving) Before Anchovies stir-fried with almonds (15 g/serving) After Beef stew with burdock (43 g/serving) Before Pork stir-fried with kelp chops (70 g/serving) After Egg soup with welsh onion (65 g/serving) Before Crab meat soup (70 g/serving) After Tteokbokki (116 g/serving) Before Tteokbokki with cheese (120 g/serving) After ) Before: Dish prepared without calcium rich food 2) After: Dish prepared with calcium rich food Folate (g) l# #l p# p + q pp#rn,# dp #~ /# /#m + p#rn,p# o p# k 1# l#8 v# d # #t# p# # sre p#8p# k#ee l#8 v# d # # r l # # # n #s m 1# Table 2. Physical measurements of subjects First grade (n = 211) Second grade (n = 200) Weight (kg) ) Height (cm) * 3) BMI 1) ) BMI (Body Mass Index) = Weight (kg) / Height (m) 2 2) Mean SD 3) *: p < 0.05 by t-test fa 5 #e s l #4 #s l m# p # p # #6 j# d # # #sre p#e e #8p# k#s mp #mk ˆ# # #4 #s #em# p # p # m 1 qp# #4 #8519 Ë ;13 nj/#49314 Ë 817 fpm #5 #8515 Ë :13 nj/#49415 Ë 815 fpplp /# #~ v #v #4 p#5318/#5 p#531; #~t #eq/ ~v v # # # #oprp# p #ll 1# #q #VSVV#surjudp#sdfndjh+Yhu#4513, # n l# #} m 1#~o # # t # m p #e /# #s /# d # l# # n # p# m# pp# m 1#4/#5 p#e # p #fkl0vtxduh # v mp /#e #sr#rë p#m k # /#mk vrv p# #sdluhg#w0whvw # v m 1#e #sr#rë p# n # # q# p p# p # p#pfqhpdu#whvw # v m 1# 결 s q p#~t# #eq+ p#q~#e~, l# # #Wdeoh#5m# p # l# #~op# p # #o l# p# l# m 1#~t #e 과 kò e p# # # #po/# e# # # e l# #s # #Wdeoh#6 # 1#4 p# n k e # p# p p#6814(/# v#kp p#4;(mp /#5 p# n# p# p p#6<(/# v#kp p#5418( #k e p# l# #s l # # #oprp p #llp #r~# #k e p#4<1:( # ˆ 1#ree p# p#4 /#5 # # p# p p p p#:;15(/#:<18( # ˆ /#rep# # v#k # # p# #4 pl 1#r e p# p# # v#kp p #p #pop#51<(/#4( # ˆ p / p# p p#p p# #77(/#85( # # #oprp p #ll 1# # #e #t#k e p# e p# q# kp /# ep #r #ree # q# rpl 1 k # ep#t #pol# #s l #4 #:615(/#5 #:61;( # p# p# e p#ll #

5 Á Á Á269 Table 3. Frequency of meals and snacking and reasons of skipping meals of the subjects Frequency of having meals Breakfast Lunch Dinner Grade First Second Total First Second Total First Second Total Almost none 38 (18.0) 43 (21.5) 81 (19.7) 1) 0 (80.0) 1 (80.5) 1 (80.3) 6 (82.9) 2 (81.0) 8 (81.9) 1-2 times/week 22 (10.4) 29 (14.5) 51 (12.4) 7 (83.3) 0 (80.0) 7 (81.7) 14 (86.6) 13 (86.5) 27 (86.6) 3-4 times/week 34 (16.1) 29 (14.5) 63 (15.3) 4 (81.9) 7 (83.5) 11 (82.7) 43 (20.4) 34 (17.0) 77 (18.8) 5-6 times/week 43 (20.4) 21 (10.5) 64 (15.6) 35 (16.6) 33 (16.5) 68 (16.5) 55 (26.1) 47 (23.5) 102 (24.8) No skipping 74 (35.1) 78 (39.0) 152 (37.0) 165 (78.2) 159 (79.5) 324 (78.8) 93 (44.0) 104 (52.0) 197 (47.9) Total n = 211 n = 200 N = 411 n = 211 n = 200 N = 411 n = 211 n = 200 N = 411 Reasons of skipping meals Grade First Second Total First Second Total First Second Total Not enough time 101 (73.2) 93 (73.8) 194 (73.5) 0 (80.0) 1 (82.1) 1 (81.1) 2 (81.7) 10 (89.8) 12 (85.4) Lack of appetite 8 (85.8) 8 (86.3) 16 (86.1) 16 (34.0) 10 (21.2) 26 (27.6) 18 (15.1) 14 (13.7) 32 (14.5) Poor digestion 4 (82.9) 2 (81.6) 6 (82.3) 0 (80.0) 2 (84.3) 2 (82.2) 4 (83.4) 3 (83.0) 7 (83.2) Due to snack 1 (80.7) 0 (80.0) 1 (80.3) 6 (12.8) 8 (17.0) 14 (14.9) 17 (14.3) 13 (12.7) 30 (13.6) For diet 5 (83.6) 8 (86.3) 13 (85.0) 0 (80.0) 2 (84.3) 2 (2.2) 36 (30.3) 22 (21.6) 58 (26.2) Economic reasons 11 (88.0) 7 (85.6) 18 (86.8) 7 (14.9) 3 (86.4) 10 (10.6) 1 (80.8) 0 (80.0) 1 (80.5) No one to prepare meals 7 (85.1) 0 (80.0) 7 (82.7) 0 (80.0) 0 (80.0) 0 (80.0) 23 (19.3) 14 (13.7) 37 (16.7) Habitually 1 (80.7) 0 (80.0) 1 (80.3) 11 (23.4) 7 (14.9) 18 (19.1) 6 (85.0) 6 (85.9) 12 (85.4) Due to in-between meal 0 (80.0) 7 (85.6) 7 (82.7) 2 (84.3) 3 (86.4) 5 (85.3) 8 (86.7) 13 (12.7) 21 (89.5) Others 0 (80.0) 1 (80.8) 1 (80.3) 5 (10.6) 11 (23.4) 16 (17.0) 4 (83.4) 7 (86.9) 11 (85.0) Total n = 138 n = 126 N = 264 n = 47 n = 47 N = 94 n = 119 n = 102 N = 221 Frequency of snacking Grade First Second Total Three times/day 32 (15.2) 20 (10.0) 52 (12.6) Two times/day 78 (30.9) 63 (31.5) 141 (34.3) One time/day 69 (32.7) 82 (41.0) 151 (36.7) Almost none 32 (15.2) 35 (17.5) 67 (16.4) Total n = 211 n = 200 N = 411 Time of snacking Grade First Second Total Morning 142 (67.3) 125 (63.2) 267 (65.3) Afternoon 17 (88.1) 8 (84.0) 25 (86.1) Morning Afternoon 52 (24.6) 65 (32.8) 117 (28.6) Total n = 211 n = 198 N = 409 1) N (%) mp /#r # ep#4 #6316(/#5 #5419( # p l # # l #p l# epol# # l # # p#oprp# p # ˆ v#kk 1# e# # l# #s l #4 p# #5 #6:(/ #4 #651:( p # ˆ /#5 p# #4 74(/# #5 #6418( p # ˆ p #oprp# p #ll 1# e# #e #4/#5 # #mr/#mrë m /#m # # p # ˆ p #mr# e# pp#4 #9:16(/#5 #9615( # # #e l# #o # k 1 vm Ð # d # l# # n #Ilj1#4l # l#v } # v pl# # # q# k # #k n# q# p/#k p/# ˆ/# o e } p# plp /# # #e # # pp# 4;1;( # p#sr # e l# # # ~ rp #k # p # ˆ 1 s qp#~om#e l# #s l # p# p # ˆ v#kkp /#mk p#4/5 p#

6 270Á š w sƒ Fig. 1. Degree of acceptance of calcium enriched menus. The numbers in the figure are percentages of subjects (N = 411). l# l# n m 1#s # qp#57e # l#p #4p# #mk # # q +(UL,# # +(DL,l# # pp#wdeoh#7l# ˆ # m# 1#l v# p#4;661; Ë 8::14 nfdo #l v n r +HHU,p#<41:(mp /# vp#9913 Ë 541: j p # q p#4791:(l# l# v# # p#k# #pl 1# l#p/#žk /# ˆ #E 9 /# ke # q #p p # mp #ep o/#~/# ˆ D/# /# ˆ F # t p#;3(l# v # tp # # p # ˆ p /# # dp 7391: Ë pjp # q p# 7815(/# m p 4;516 Ë :;18 pjp # q p#7819(#r # ˆ # q# s # p # ˆ 1# º n Wdeoh#8 # d # #e p#sr #r # p 57e # kp#mk # # ep# #mk # /# # q +(UL,# # +(DL,l # pp# lt 1#s # q #e sr#r# e p # #l v #mk t#99: nfdo # # p#:38 nfdoplp #sr# # p#946 nfdo #o p # p # m +S? 31334,1# v# p#e sr#rë # #591;j/#5814jplp /# ˆ #D # q p#:81<(l #sr# #45714( #op #v mp +S? 31334,/#m # # #v m +S? 3138,1# l#žk p#4:515(l #46614( #op Table 4. Daily nutrient intakes of the subjects assessed by 24 hour recall (N = 411) Nutrient Amount %RI or %AI 2) Energy (kcal) ) Protein (g) Fat (g) Carbohydrate (g) Dietary Fiber (g) Vitamin A (µgre) Thiamin (mg) Riboflavin (mg) Vitamin B 6 (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Vitamin E (mgte) Niacin (mgne) Folic Acid (µg) Calcium (mg) Phosphorus (mg) Iron (mg) Potassium (mg) Zinc (mg) ) Mean SD 2) Percentage value compared to RI (Recommended Intake) or AI (Adequate Intake) m +S? 31334,/# ˆ #Fp# p#sr# :71:(l #9718( #op # m +S? 31334,1# d # #sr #e p # ep#r p f# q p# pp# m # dp#e #sr#r#46919 pj +7818(UL,l #sr# #48318 pj+8315(ul, #opr p # p#v m +S? 3134,1#

7 Á Á Á271 Table 5. Twenty four-hour nutrient intakes and intakes from school lunch before and after calcium enriched menu intervention (N = 389) Nutrient Intakes from school lunch (%1/3RI or %1/3AI) 2) Twenty four-hour intakes (%RI or %AI) 3) Before After Before After Energy (kcal) ) (104.2) (90.5)*** 4) (91.7) (86.4)* Carbohydrate (g) *** *** Fat (g) * Protein (g) (178.5) (167.5)* (146.7) (145.5)* Dietary Fiber (g) (79.6) (81.6) (65.6) (63.3) Vitamin A (µgre) (75.9) (124.1)*** (74.3) (97.7)*** Vitamin E (mgte) (118.2) (184.8)*** (121.2) (143.0)*** Thiamin (mg) (172.2) (133.1)*** (126.5) (122.5) Riboflavin (mg) (77.2) (81.4) (74.4) (90.6)* Vitamin B 6 (mg) (177.4) (168.7) (128.0) (123.5) Niacin (mgne) (152.6) (144.0) (115.2) (117.4) Folic Acid (µgdfe) (56.0) (58.8)* (45.6) (44.5) Vitamin C (mg) (74.7) (64.5)*** (71.4) (53.0)*** Calcium (mg) (45.5) (50.2)* (45.2) (47.5) Phosphorus (mg) (121.5) (124.3) (103.5) (108.0) Potassium (mg) (54.8) (54.5) (54.8) (54.5) Iron (mg) (78.6) (75.8) (68.6) (73.5) Zinc (mg) (116.3) (108.0)* (95.0) (87.0)* 1) Mean SD 2) Percentages of 1/3RI (Recommended Intake) or 1/3AI (Adequate Intake) 3) Percentages of RI or AI 4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < by paired t-test Wdeoh#8l # # m# p# e# #sr#rë p#57 e #mk # # ep# #mk # #o p # m 1#v/#l vm# v# p# # p /# ˆ #Dm#H #v m /# ˆ #F# p# m 1# d# p#op # p #ll 1# */2 d # #e p#sr # #l v# p#e sr#rl# #op # kp #l v# p # r # #e p#vp# #mk #vrv +LQT, # l#e #sr#r/# p#57e #mk # p# k +Wdeoh#9,1#e #sr# l# dp#lqt #3183l #3189 opr+s?31334,p #v mp # #n# v+s? 3134,/# ˆ D+s?31334,/# +s?31334,/# k e+s?3138,/#p+s?31334,/#~ +s?3134,# # p#mk #LQT #e #sr#rl# #op #v m 1# ˆ Fp#LQT #sr# #op # k +s?#31334,1 ee #sr# p# #LQT # v/#p/# ˆ D/#Žk /# /# ˆ E 9 /# kep#4#p p# ˆ p / ~ #31;:/# ˆ F#3197/#m #3186p #lr # p# t p# m 1 Table 6. INQ 1) of 24-hour nutrient intakes before and after calcium enriched menu intervention (N = 389) Nutrient Before After Protein ) ** 3) Vitamin A *** Thiamin Riboflavin *** Vitamin B Niacin * Folic Acid Vitamin C *** Calcium *** Phosphorus *** Iron ** 1) INQ: Index of Nutritional Quality 2) Mean SD 3) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < by paired t-test jí j²¼ e #sr#rë l# q p#mk # p#l v n r +HHU,p#:8(# p #mk p# n # p# pp#wdeoh#:l# ˆ l 1# dp# n # p # # q# pp#e #sr#r # l#

8 272Á š w sƒ Table 7. Distribution of subjects who consumed less than 75% of EER 1) and nutrient intakes less than EAR 2) before and after calcium enriched menu intervention (N = 389) Nutrient Before After P value 4) Energy 113 (29.0) 3) 150 (38.6) Protein 821 (85.4) 8 18 (84.6) Vitamin A 232 (59.6) 145 (37.3) Thiamin 8 82 (21.2) 8 94 (24.2) Riboflavin 267 (68.6) 224 (57.6) Vitamin B (19.5) 885 (21.9) Niacin 8 81(20.8) 895 (24.4) Vitamin C 279 (71.7) 315 (81.0) Calcium 363 (93.3) 361 (92.8) Phosphorus 8 73 (18.8) 872 (18.5) Iron 259 (66.6) 266 (68.4) Subjects with risk of poor nutrition 5) 83 (21.3) 862 (15.9) ) EER: Estimated Energy Requirement 2) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement 3) NG (%) 4) P value by McNemar test 5) Subjects consumed energy less than 75% of EER and 4 nutrients (calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin) intakes less than EAR p #ll 1#e #sr#rl# #sr# # ˆ #Dm# l # p# n #r # # q# pp#op # kr 1# l#l vm# ˆ #F #sr # s # # q# pp#op #v m 1 l v# p#hhup#:8(# p # d/#~/# ˆ D/# p# p# n # p# q# p p#5416(l #481<( # mp # rp#op 1# 고 #l p#l p# #~tp#4 p#8519 njp / 5 p#8515 njplp /# #eqp#4 p#49314 fp/ 5 p#49415 fppl 1#v l #533: l# # k#~ # q l# # #49 4: #lqp t~tp#8619 njp /# teqp#493 fp #s q p#eqp# # p# pl /#~tp# p# p # ˆ 1#~v #v +EPL, #4 p#5318/#5 p#531; #r ol# m # #l l # #l # #~v #v #5315+Nlp# #533:>#\l#)#Nzdn#533;,/ 5314+Sdun# #5343, # d m 1#l p# n# #4/5 p # qp# p#m lv #e # #l #l p# l# #~op# p #l # p# p 찰 # #pl 1 e p# # # #po/# e# # # e # p#e # s l # p# p # ˆ v#kk # # #e #t#k e p# e p# # p# v#kpp#4<1:(/#4tl#8 9 # ep#4517(/#4t pl#6 7 # ep#4816(pl 1# e p#k /#r /#r e# pl /#ttl# ep #r #ree # q# e p# k 1#533; # mks +Plqlvwu ri# Khdowk/# Zhoiduh# dqg# Idplolhv# )# Nruhd# Fhqwhuv iru#glvhdvh#frqwuro#)#suhyhqwlrq#533<,l #45 4; #lqp#k # e p#5;17(p # mks l p#e # e p#p #t# # ep# # np l# # #l # qp#k e# pp# #7:17( # k 1#Fkr#)#\x+533:,p#l l #l p#k e p#5;1<(plp /#Sdun# +5343,p# n#vl#l p#tt#k e p#5917( # #p 1#k #e # v#kp # p#r p # l# ll# vt #r # #k # k/# # p#r r# r +Sdun# #4<<4,# rp# ep# m#v p# #v eˆ # # p# ep #plr#oqqk/# # p# #opp# # #p 1# #k ep# l #r # #k # qp# #p lv #~ p#e~r/#rer# l# rrp#m p# # #p 1 k # ep#t #pol# #s l #:618( # e p#ll #p m 1#~ p#ed l# # p#s l #e p#ll #k p# v# # # #p +Fkr#)#\x#533:>#Nlp# #533<,#t # l #k # e p#v # p # # # ll# # # v # e l# # p # #p 1#\hrk# +533<,p#n #1#t1# t#;6( #k p# e #l v n r p#58( p#l v #r #k p# #pp #p # e p#vl# m # p # #pl#~ p#mk# ˆp#vvp#o #e # op#tn # l# #k ep#e # p#r}r# l# # n p#r #p 1# #s # qp#r # e # p# v#k p p#41<(/# 4tpl#8 9p #919(/# 4tpl#6 7 4;1;( # # p /#r # ep#t #po #5915( # pl # # l # #p m 1 ~ p# rp#ed p #k e # l#q p# e # p# #p /# #l # q p# e# # #4 #691:(/# #5 #6716(/# p#k# 1 #4917(/# #6 #p #4519(# p # ˆ #rl

9 Á Á Á273 4 #p # ep# # pp#;619( # k # q# d # q# p# # p #s lp # l# p # pv#kk 1#Nlp# +533<,p#s l # p# #4 #p # ep# # pp#<31<( # l # n# # ˆ p # ep#s # rp # q # q# m 1# #s qp# e# #e #mr# e# pp# # #e l# #o # k #Mxqj#)Fkrl+5336,p#l l # e# p t #po # # Ž #8519( # q# k # p # #k # e # v#kp# p # #p #p lv #rel#m p#t# p # p 1#Whpsohwrq# +5338,p# p#44 46 # l #m /# q / d #p /# pp # q# p# # p# v#k # l# #re#e p# #rel# e # ˆp#s #rlv# #pp #q p#v l l v/# d# # ˆ #Dp# p# p# # m # l# e# #re l# rrp #qn mpp# l#tl 1# qp#n #~ p#} # o l #k e p#tn p#k # s #k ep#ee v k #p # #k e p# eˆ # # #p l#v # rp #re ep# #mk p#tn p# #ƒv # # #p 1#\l## +533<,p#t p# p #:t #k ep#ee # # p#k e # l# rrp#m p# # mp #e p # p#errp#k # e p# eˆv # m / Nlp# +533:,p#k ep# v# #~ l re ep# # p#;3(l# mp #k #r e# ep# # # # p#49(# l# v#kk # l#k ep#ee v#k #p # q #n # l #re ep#mk p#tn # p # # #p 1# # n#vl#l p#tt #t p#r ee p# e p# #l +Sdun# #5343,l #t #rep# e p#4816(l# l#tt#re# e #51;( l# #oprp # # ˆ # l #pl# e p #r #mk p#tn p# # s #p 1# n #4<;4 # e p#rr #p #533< q#r #ËtË Ë #t#44/636 l #<;18( p# p# ep# pn+plqlvwu # ri#hgxfdwlrq/ Vflhqfh#dqg#Whfkqrorj #5343, #pl#krp # p rp# mp #vrp# l #o l#r}r# p#vt l# p# p#p lrp #mk m#e op# # v#k #p #erp 1#ËtË #45 # ep# qp# p#e l#v rrp #m p# # e# s #r rp # p# p #s #pp +Ohh#)#Sdun#5343,/#\l#)#Nzdn +533;,p# /# # p#6p # e#q p# #53( # # #l p# e#q p#5<14( # l #r #mk #er# #mkl # p #p # #p 1# q#n p# e# #5339 # p l # s #p lv #pp #46 # l# #t r# s #ot # # e# s # # r p #ˆ # p# tp# p#n # p# l# p #mk p# # #p # k # p# l # rp# p# n# n # 1#p # p#p p # #l l # p#mk # p#žk l# q# ˆ # #mk p# #v eˆ q#mk # # e#e l# #t# #mk ˆ # q# m 1# v p#e # l #o rp # q # # tp# n v#k 1# q p#p v p <: <;(# p# n p# seˆ # tp /# p#p v p# # p# #mk p# # p#e rp # # tp# p # p # q p# tp # s # #o p# v# +Nruhdq#Qxwulwlrq#Vrflhw #5343,1# #l #mk # # #e sr#ee#rë p mk # p# #l #Žr # r #l #Ž l#l p#re ep# # #mk # ep#mk tp# q p#òl# # q # # p#òl# # p # l m 1#4 #s l #s q p# ep #r #te# # # #mk p# e#m k t # l# kp# /#l v# v/#žk / klp#433(#p p/#~ /# ˆ #D/# /# ˆ F# p#;3( # k /#m # p#93(# plp # dp# e#mk tp#7818( # q# p# pp# l#s q p#4p# #mk # p# m#o # ˆ 1# p#4p# #mk # p# q # # # /# v/#žk /# ˆ E 9 /# ke/# ˆ H # t # # p# tp l /#ep o/# d/#~/# ˆ D/# /# ˆ F/#m p# t p#;3(l # v# # tplp # dp# q p#7818(+7391:pj,# tp #mk

10 274Á š w sƒ ˆ # q# # p # ˆ 1#533; # mks +Plqlvwu # ri# Khdowk/# Zhoiduh# dqg Idplolhv#)#Nruhd#Fhqwhuv#iru#Glvhdvh#Frqwuro#) Suhyhqwlrq# 533<,# lq# ~ p# 4p# d# p 6<918 pjp # q p#7714( # #l m#o # lp #Sdun# +5343,p#s # nvl#l p#m # dp# p# #l # # p# q p#7<1<(m#7;13( # ˆ p #lr p# tp /# p#l l # rp # dp# q p#r l # v# # sp# #p 1# #4<<; # mks l #46 4< #~ p# d p# pjp # s l # Kdq# ) Nlp+5335,p# vl#~ p# d p#l 7< pj/# # : pj # pl# l# #~ p# d ˆ #r # v# # p # l#v 1# s q p# d# p#4p# #tep # # # q tp#83(# p # ˆ p /#l p# d# p# eˆ #o # e#e l# k # d # # l# sp#e p#sr # # p# d # l# # n m#mk p# #s m 1# p p# p# # k #s plp # sl# ep #r # l #p e # n # 2 ok qp# 2 # q# pp /# # pp#k # pp /# nls p# o# e }# pp /# Ž p# ˆp /# p # v p # r l#r m 1# n# l# # p# n # ~rp #k # p # ˆ p # v p # q# # p # ˆ 1# e# l #s l# # p# # k ˆ #p /# # #l l #Ohh#)#Sdun +5343,p#s l # /# pl# # # k #Nlp# +533<,l #s /#r# # p /# # p # # p # ˆ # #l l # pl# # # q# k # # p #pl 1#o #pn # #sk #} # l# # # k+nlp# 5339,#e l# # # # ˆ # #s l# # # #p p#lp# k # #p 1#p #l # #s l# # #s # # l# p # # p # k# # # rp # #e# e # p# l# #vrrp s # # p# v # 1 d# p# eˆ #o #sr #e #rl# #s r# l#ee #5 #s l # ep# # d# p#46919 pjl #48318 pjp #oprp#v # mp # #l v # r #mk #vrv #3177l 3188 # l#e #tqp# #pl # # #p 1 l#l v/#ˆ /#Žk /# ˆ F/# v/#klp n#op # p # p# mp /# ˆ #F #r n # #mk p# # m # q t # p# tpl #mkrp # r # v#k 1# e #tq#r#4 #s l #tep# # p# e mk tl# # k #ep o/# ˆ #D/# /# ˆ #F/#m /#~ #tl # ˆ #F #rn # v mk p# # d #e l#p #oprp # #ov # lp # ee p#mk # d l#m k ˆ# p# # ˆ # l#v 1# v #tl # n #r # # qp# p # s #mk # # qp# pp#žk #p# n#p +xvxdo#lqwdnh,p# n # p o p 1# #l l #e s #4p # r lp #p # r # v# m 1# # #l #e sr#rë p# p # #l #Žr # r #l #Ž mp /#e #sr#rl# #sr # ˆ #Dm# l # p# n #r # # q# pp#op # kr 1# l# ˆ F #sr# # s # # q# pp#m #op #v m # dp# n # p#l # p # ˆ 1# #57e # #s # # d# p#4/5 #s # l#op # p # pv#kk#re e# # # p # d p#r #dv#kp# r # 1 s # q p# n#no# #or # p#e #sr rë l# #:313 j #:51; jp # n# kp /#p# p#~ p# qe Ž p#4p#5 o+no#5ƒ# t,p#noëor # tl# # # #kpl rp# d # ˆ # p#tn#opp# p # 1# #LRP# +Lqvwlwxwh#ri#Phglflqh#5343, # e e l # d # p# #mk # # # rp o # s # p#8( #r 1#p # l # p# p#8(#v p# p# n # tp# #e p#mk # p# r # ep# n 1#n p# n#pm# p# p # # n#e p# d# p # lk# #e #srp#dv#kp# p # 1# # d# p# p #o #no# #or p# rp # krk# /# #no ep 5338 # t# p# n# n#;1<(l# 1#

11 Á Á Á275 no ep# p#nopnl# # r #d p# /#no ep# #~ p# d p#v e ˆ# #p # rp# p +Mdqj# #533:,/#nol# # # eˆ # p# n#tn +Sdun# #533:,1# #s l #e #tq# #l v# # v# p # p#4/5 #s #e # pp#< o p# l# # rrp#m #s q p# # # j#v p f# pl l# # ep#v # # p#po #qn mp# p # 1# # # #e# #k # ~ # pp# # rrp# #tl # ˆ F# # l#m p# # p # lv 1#e sr# # v # vp# #tl#l v# p#e sr#rl# #oprp # kp +S? 31334,#l v p # r #mk #vr#v # # #e #t ql#p #Žk #klp#rn # #mk #vrv # p#v m 1# #mk #vrv # p# d#3188/# #3193/#m #3198/# ˆ F#31:4/#~ #31;7 #413l# j# v# l# d # #r rp # p# s m #mk p# # # mp #lr #e l #p #mk p#vp# n# # p # ˆ 1# ~ p#k #r # e l# #re# e p# n# p #re#e p#vp#4p#mk # l#m p # #p # l#v /# # # #l v pp#k p #4;14(/#re#6516(#r p #5<1;( # v # p # l# # #rep# #m k # l#p #r rp#e p#vp# eˆ # # #pp# #p # /#~ p# #e~# l#tn #mk p# ˆ # #o # # #e # p#v rp#mk op# #m #ed # #mk # p# ep#r # # p#evrp# }p e # n # 1 요약및결론 #l # ep#vr# p# rp #l #4/5 p# p #4 #s # #~o/#e # #e s #ee l#mk ˆ #Žk # q# # # p #s # dp# ˆ # eˆ #o l d# p# p# # # e#tq #ee # #5 #s #ee l#e p#v# # # m 1# #nk # p # 1 4,#4 p#eq#49314 Ë 817 fp/#~t#8519 Ë ;13 nj/#~v v #5318 Ë 51; nj2p 5 /#5 p#eq#49415 Ë 815 fp/#~t#8515 Ë :14 nj/#~v v #5314 Ë 517 nj2p 5 # ˆ #e~rp # p#opr# p #ll 1 5,# e p# p# v#kp p#k p# n#4<1:(/#r e#316(/#r #41<( #k e p# q# kp /# e p#po #k p# n# e p#ll #:618(/#r p n# pl # # l #5915( # m 1# e # #5 #6716( # q# k /# #4 p p# pp#;619(mp /# e# #e #m r l#9816( # q# p# # m 1# p# #s p # p #6514( # q# k 1#e p # # #po/# e# # # e # l # p#oprp# p # ˆ v#kk 1 6,#4 #s #s # qp# #4p#mk # p# v/#žk /# ˆ #E 9 /# ke/# ˆ #H # q # # l# # # p# tpl /#ep o/# d/#~/# ˆ #D/# /# ˆ #F/#m p# t p#;3(l # v# m 1# # d #m p# q p#7818(m#7917( #mk # # ˆ # n mp /# d# p#re ep# #mk tp#7818(# tpl 1# d# # p # p#e # n # p# l# # q# p/#k # p/# o# e }# p/# ˆ/# v p # d # r # # s ep# ~ l#r m 1 7,# d # # #e #sr# l#re# ep # d# p#e #sr#r#46919 pj+7818(ul,l #sr# #48318 pj+8315(ul, #oprp # p v +S? 3134,1#e sr#rl# #sr# #l v/ v/# v/#žk /# ˆ F/#klp# p# m /# ˆ D/# ˆ Hp# p#v m 1# ˆ #F rn # #mk p# ep#e #tq #mk #v rv #v # p# mp #r rp # d/#m / ~ # # mk p# p#lr # k 1 p p# l # d # l#p # e#tq # p# d p#tq#rl# #v mp lr # p# p # ˆ #e # kp#e / # d# p# p #o # l # no ep# # # 1# /#57e #e s # # l# # # ep #p # rm# rel #mk # # s# # p# ˆ #pl# l p ep# #mk # ˆ# l # #pp # m# rp#l #mk # ˆ# p#o # p# n # 1# #l l # q# s# # n# d/#~ /#m # l# #mk p# #r rp #}p

12 276Á š w sƒ rp# p# k p#n # # p# t# e # # p pd # l#q # o # #p # k# 1# # pq p#pep #s p#l l# # l# # p # ˆ /# p# l p #mk # p# # p# n # 1 k Ahn Y, Kim HM, Kim KW (2006): A study on weight control, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and eating behaviors among high school female students. Korean J Community Nutr 11(2): Cho SH, Yu HH (2007): Nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary habits and awareness of food-nutrition labelling by girl's high school students. Korean J Community Nutr 12(5): Gould R, Russel J, Barker ME (2006): School lunch menus and 11 to 12 year old children's food choice in three secondary schools in England-Are the nutritional standards being met? Appetite 46: Han JS, Kim JH (2002): Calcium intake and cognition on calcium of adolescents in Busan area. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 31(6): Institute of Medicine (2010): School meals. Building blocks for healthy children. 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