THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug [3]. ±90,.,,,, 5,,., 0.01, 0.016, 99 %... 선형간섭

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Aug.; 27(8), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) Design of Linear Interferometer Antenna Regarding Beamwidth 최익환 Ik-Hwan Choi 요약,.,,,, 5,,., 0.01, 0.016, 99 %.. Abstract In this paper, it is represented that equations for design of linear interferometer antenna when the 3 db beamwidth is only region of interest. Using the equations, relationships between angle measurement ambiguity and element antenna spacings are described. And then, operating frequency, angle measurement accuracy, beamwidth, correct measurement probability are calculated for five antennas interferometer to measure azimuth and elevation angle. The interferometer antenna was designed and fabricated using the calculated parameters. The angle measurement accuracy were 0.01 and for azimuth and elevation axes with 99 % probability of doing measurements correctly which means that ambiguous solution did not occur more than 1 % of the time. These results validated the equations and design procedures. Key words: Interferometer Antenna, Antenna Spacing. 서론.,,.. 2, [1],[2]..,., (Agency for Defense Development) Manuscript received June 21, 2016 ; Revised August 3, 2016 ; Accepted August 17, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Ik-Hwan Choi ( ikhwanchoi@add.re.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 693

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug [3]. ±90,.,,,, 5,,., 0.01, 0.016, 99 %... 선형간섭계안테나설계방법 2-1 구성안테나 2개를이용한선형간섭계 1 A1 A2, (1) [4][7]. sin (1) sin (2).,,. (2) sin (3) [8][10]. 그림 2. sin Fig. 2. Condition of x and m for unambiguity. modulo sin (3) (3) sin,. sin, (4).,. 2-2 구성안테나 3 개를이용한선형간섭계. 3 3,., 그림 1. Fig. 1. Concept of phase difference measurement of collinear two element antennas. [10][14]. 3,, A2 A1 A2, A3 A2 (5). 694

3 그림 3. 3 Fig. 3. Concept of phase difference measurement of collinear three element antennas. sin modulo sin sin modulo sin (5),,, sin modulo (6) (7),. 4,., sin sin (8) 그림 4. Fig. 4. Unambiguity condition of and regarding beamwidth., sin sin., 3 sin sin. sin sin, sin sin (10). (9), (9). (11) 695

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug RF, (11),., (11)..,,., 2, (16). (16) (12) SNR. (18). (17) (12) cos (18).,, (8) (13), (8) (13) sin. (11) (14), (14).,.. 선형간섭계안테나설계및측정,, X, 23 dbi, 25 db, 10. SNR 27 db, (18) SNR,, SNR,. 2-3 SNR과각측정정확도,. (15) [3]. rad (15) 3 3. A1 A3 그림 5. SNR Fig. 5. regarding SNR and. 696

Fig. 8. Measurement and simulation results of an elementary antenna. Comput. Eng. ElectroScience Lab.

5 그림 6. Fig. 6. The front and back sides of an elementary antenna.. (18) cos (19), 1/2. 3. (19), sin. 4 5,,,.. 6. Electr. & 그림 7. OSU Fig. 7. Elementary antenna measurement in anechoic chamber in OSU. 그림 8. Fig. 8. Measurement and simulation results of an elementary antenna. Comput. Eng. ElectroScience Lab. /,, [15]. 7 OSU, 8 E-plane H-plane db, 23.7 db, 25 db, 72 db. 9, 3 5. (14) 9.2 RF,.,, 2,365 m, , 5.3, 697

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no.

5 Fig. 9. Elementary antenna arrangement of five antennas linear interferometer. 그림 12.

Fig. 10. Range rate and relative range of a target.. Trimble R8 10 cm. 2.4 km, 0.005. 10. 10 0 m/s ±0.

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug 그림 11. Fig. 11. Range rate and power of target signal. 그림 9. 5 Fig. 9. Elementary antenna arrangement of five antennas linear interferometer. 그림 12. Fig. 12. Difference between reference and measurement values. 그림 10. Fig. 10. Range rate and relative range of a target.. Trimble R8 10 cm. 2.4 km, m/s ±0.5 m/s, 0 m 0 m/s ±1.1 m/s m , SNR db. 50, ,,.,. SNR 27 db 0.015, 13, 0.010,

그림 13. Fig. 13. Comparison of PDF of normalized measurement data and ideal normal distribution. 13. 13, ± 99 %,. 2-2.. 결론 ±90 3 db, 3. 5,.,.. References [1] J. Jones, A. R. Webster, and W. K.

7 그림 13. Fig. 13. Comparison of PDF of normalized measurement data and ideal normal distribution , ± 99 %, 결론 ±90 3 db, 3. 5,.,.. References [1] J. Jones, A. R. Webster, and W. K. Hocking, "An improved interferometer design for use with meteor radars", Radio Science, vol 33, no. 1, pp , Jan-Feb [2] W. B. Kendall, "Unambiguous accuracy of an interferometer angle-measureing system", IEEE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry, vol. SET-11, issue 2, pp , [3] S. E. Lipsky, Microwave Passive Direction Finding, SciTECH, [4],, "2 ",, 31(10A), pp , [5] C. S. Park, "The fast correlative interferometer direction finder using I/Q demodulator", 2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, pp. 1-5, [6] C. S. Park, "The array geometry design in airborne microwave 2-D direction finding", Fourth IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Processing 2006, pp , [7] S. V. Doan, "Algorithm for obtaining high accurate phase interferometer", th International Conference Radioelektronika, pp , [8] Z. M. Liu, "Azimuth and elevation estimation with rotating long-baseline interferometers", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 63, issue 9, pp , [9] A. Orduylmaz, "Hybrid phase amplitude direction finding method", nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp , [10] M. Zucco, "A two-wavelength interferometer for space applications", Precision Elevtromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014), 2014 Conference, pp , [11] Y. H. Li, "A method for ambiguity solving based on rotary interferometer", Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS), 2013 International Conference, vol. 2, pp , [12] L. Shi, "Algorithm of signal processing with five-channel interferometer", 2010 International Symposium on 699

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. Signals, Systems and Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 1-4, 2010. [13] J. H.

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug Signals, Systems and Electronics, vol. 2, pp. 1-4, [13] J. H. Lee, "Method for obtaining three-and four-element array spacing for interferometer direction-finding system", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 15, pp , [14],,,, "2 조병래 이정수 이종민 선선구 차원 레이다 간섭 계에서 각도 추정 알고리즘의 각도 모호성 해소 성 최익 환 년 2월: 고려대학교 전기전자전파공 학부 (공학사) 2011년 2월: 한국과학기술원 전기 및 전자 공학과 (공학석사) 2011년 1월 현재: 국방과학연구소 연구 원 [주 관심분야] 레이다 시스템, 레이다 신 2009 호처리 700 능비교", 한국전자파학회논문지, 413, 2012년. 23(178), pp [15] G. Wainwright, C. C. Chen, "Low profile wideband reflector antenna design", 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), pp , 2013.

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method