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1 Does Helmet Color Matter? Discrepancy in Korea s International Peace Operations, Korean Political Science Review, Vol. 48, No. 3: (2014).

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26 100 Amnesty International. 2016, Syria s Refugee Crisis in Numbers, February 3, Aras, N. Ela Gökalp and Zeynep Şahin Mencütek. 2015, The International Migration and Foreign Policy Nexus: The Case of Syrian Refugee Crisis and Turkey, Migration Letters, Vol. 12, No. 3: Balanche, Fabrice. 2016, The Worst of the Syrian Refugee Crisis Is Coming for Europe, Business Insider, February 16. Beattie, Victor. 2015, US to Raise Quotas for Refugees in FY 2016, Allow 10,000 Syrians, Voice of America, September 21. Bertrand, Natasha. 2015, We Are Not Terrorists Europe s Open Door Refugee Policy is Already Coming Under Assault, Business Insider, November 15. Coen, Alise. 2015, R2P, Global Governance, and the Syrian Refugee Crisis, The International Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 19, No. 8: EC(European Council). 2015, Refugee Crisis: European Commission Takes Decisive Action Questions and Answers, Fact Sheet, September 9, , Refugee Facility for Turkey: Member States Agree on Details of Financing, EC Press Release, February 3. Erlich, Reese. 2014, Inside Syria: The Backstory of Their Civil War and What the World Can Expect (New York: Prometheus Books). European Commission Migration and Home Affairs. 2015, What is the Dublin Regulation? June 23, Country Responsible for Asylum Application (Dublin), asylum/examination-of-applicants/index_en.htm. Graham, Duncan. 2012, We Don t Want Them, You Take Them, Asia Times, August 3. Grant, Harriet. 2015, UN Agencies Broke and Failing in Face of Ever-Growing Refugee Crisis, The Guardian, September 6. Heisbourg, Francois. 2015, The Strategic Implications of the Syrian Refugee Crisis, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Vol. 57. No. 6: Hokayem, Emile. 2013, Syria s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant (London:

27 101 International Institute for Strategic Studies). IDMC(Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre). 2015, Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (Geneva: IDMC and NRC(Norwegian Refugee Council)). Kelley, Colin P., Shahrzad Mohtadi, Mark A. Cane, Richard Seager, and Yochanan Kushnir. 2015, Climate Change in the Fertile Crescent and Implications of the Recent Syrian Drought, PNAS, Vol. 112, No. 11: Kingsley, Patrick. 2015, Over a Million Migrants and Refugees Have Reached Europe This Year, Says IOM, The Guardian, December 22. Kirschbaum, Erik. 2015, Germany Expects Refugee Numbers to Quadruple to Record 800,000, Reuters, August 19. Lee, Shin-wha. 1997, In Limbo: Environmental Refugees in the Third World, Nils Petter Gleditsch (ed.), Conflict and the Environment (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher): , Emerging Threats to International Security: Environment, Refugees, and Conflict, Journal of International and Area Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1: Lyman, Rick, Steven Erlanger, and Aurelien Breeden. 2015, A Steady Flow Staggers Into Europe, Outpacing Pledges of Shelter, The New York Times, September 8. Lynch, Suzanne. 2016, Davos 2016: Refugee Crisis Biggest ever Test for EU, The Irish Times, January 20. Moulson, Geir. 2015, UN: Global Refugee Numbers Reached Alarming Levels in 2014, Syria the Biggest Source, UNHCR RefDaily, June 18, unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refdaily?pass=52fc6fbd5&id=5583a9a35. Ostrand, Nicole. 2015, The Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Comparison of Responses by Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Journal on Migration and Human Security, Vol. 3, No. 3: PA-UfM(Parliamentary Assembly, Union for the Mediterranean). 2015, Final Declaration of the Second Summit of Speakers, May 11, paufm.org/future_meetings/docs/iisummit-of-speakers_lisbon-11may 2015/DeclaracaoCimeira_EN.pdf. Peterson, Roger D. 2016, In Syria, Politics Can Be More Effective Than Military

28 102 Action, The New York Times, January 19. Pop, Valentina. 2015, EU Presents Plan to Distribute Refugees Across Europe, The Wall Street Journal, September 9. Stoltenberg, Jens. 2016, NATO and Europe s Refugee and Migrant Crisis, NATO Opinion Piece, February 26. UNHCR. 1950, Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, General Assembly Resolution 428(V), December , The 1951 Refugee Convention, pages/49da0e466.html , Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, unhcr-centraleurope.org/pdf/resources/legal-documents/internationalrefugee-law/1967-protocol-relating-to-the-status-of-refugees.html , UNHCR Resettlement Handbook: Division of International Protection (Geneva: UNHCR) a, Global Trends Report: World at War, June 18 (Geneva: UNHCR) b, Worldwide Displacement Hits All-time High as War and Persecution Increase, News Stories, June 18, html. Walker, Marcus, Matthew Dalton, and Valentina Pop. 2015, Migrant Crisis Divides Europe, The Wall Street Journal, September 3. China Daily, Asylum Seekers Pour Across Hungarian Border, August 27, 2015: 1. Spiegel, Fortress Europe: How the EU Turns Its Back on Refugees, October 9, UNHCR, Who We Help, UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database, pages/4a013eb06.html; Syria Regional Refugee Response, unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php.

29 103 Abstract Syrian Refugee Crisis: Securitization and Political Divide Over Syrian Refugee Crisis Shin-wha Lee As ever-growing refugee flows have greatly challenged European countries, they regard the refugee crisis as security concerns and increase anti-refugee and anti-muslim sentiments. The refusal of refugees may maintain social stability in the short run, but would ultimately generate more complicated and dangerous situations. Therefore, it is important to examine refugee crisis through the realpolitik perspective by identifying social and political instability and security threats that can be caused by the rejection of refugees. In this context, this paper intends to examine Europe s divided political response to Syrian refuge crisis and discuss how to balance humanitarianism and national security perspectives when dealing with refugee issues. Key words: Syrian Refugee Crisis, Securitization of Humanitarian Crisis, Political Divide, Unequal Sharing of Responsibility

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