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1 기본간호학회지제 18 권제 4 호, 2011 년 11 월 J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs Vol.18 No.4, , November, 2011 홍성정 1) 김화선 2) 서론연구의필요성 최근정보기술의급격한발달로임상에서는기존의종이기반에서전자기록시스템으로변화하고있다. 또한전문간호사의부족, 적시에요구되는데이터의필요성증가, 지역사회간호의성장, 전문적실무에대한관심증가등의변화는표준화된전문용어체계와자동화된정보시스템을포함하는혁신적인전자기록시스템의응용프로그램의사용을고무시키고있다 (Androwich et al., 2003; Plowfield, Hayes, & Hall-Long, 2005). 그래서간호현장에서는표준화된전문용어인간호진단, 결과및중재분류체계를사용하여간호업무를컴퓨터로체계화할수있도록간호과정에대한간호정보시스템의적용을위해노력하고있는실정이다. 간호진단, 간호결과및중재분류체계는간호과정에대한표준화를위해간호과정의핵심인간호진단, 결과및중재를서술하기위해미국에서개발하였다. 표준화된분류체계중 NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) 간호진단분류는환자의상태에대한진단을진술하고, 진단을근거로간호중재를선택하고측정하는기초자료가되고있으며, 간호중재분류인 NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) 과간호결과분류인 NOC (Nursing Outcome Classification) 은모두 Iowa 대학의연구팀에의해개발된체계들로간호가발생하는모든상황에적용가능하고임상기록및임상경로개 발연구등에사용되고있다 (Dochterman & Bulechek, 2004; Moorhead, Johnson, & Mass, 2004). 또한 NIC과 NOC을개발한연구팀은 NANDA와 NOC을연계하고 NOC과 NIC을연계하는작업에이어 Johnson과 Bulechek (2001) 등은보다효율적이고쉽게간호과정을적용할수있도록하기위해간호진단- 간호결과- 간호중재연계 (NANDA-NOC-NIC Linkage: NNN linkage) 를제시하였다. 이러한표준화된분류체계나이들의연계는간호업무를컴퓨터로체계화할수있도록개발되었고, 수행한간호의효과적인기록을도모하여간호사들간의의사소통을증진시킬뿐만아니라임상에서간호과정을쉽게활용케할수있으며, 간호실무에기반을둔이론개발을위한자료를제공하고있다 (Blegan & Tripp-Reimer, 1997; Moorhead & Delany, 1997). 이러한간호과정은간호실무의독자적인영역을명확히해주고전문직의책임과자율성을증가시키는장점이있어사용의요구가높아지고있으나표준화된간호과정에대한접근의어려움으로표준화된간호적용이쉽지않았다. 왜냐하면, 간호과정은간호사에의해수행되는것이지만간호과정에대한지식과비판적사고능력이없으면임상에서적용하기가힘들다. 현간호교육과정에서는간호과정을중요하게다루고는있지만교육현장과임상실무현장사이의괴리는더욱심화되어가고갈등이지속되고있다 (Park & Park, 2001). 그리고간호과정적용의어려움중실제적이지못한교육, 부적절한지식과기억력의한계, 간호과정에능숙하지않은간호사가사용할경우전산화를통한간호의향상을기대하기어렵다 주요어 : 경장영양, 세척, 기구오염 * 이논문은지식경제부및한국산업기술평가관리원의지식서비스산업원천기술개발사업의일환으로수행하였음 (KI , KI ). 1) 경북대학교의료정보원천기술연구소박사후연구원 2) 대구한의대학교 IT 의료산업학과전임강사 ( 교신저자 pulala@paran.com) 접수일 : 2011 년 7 월 1 일 1 차수정일 : 2011 년 8 월 1 일 2 차수정일 : 2011 년 9 월 23 일게재확정일 : 2011 년 9 월 24 일 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월 497

2 홍성정외 는점등이포함된다. 현임상현장에서는간호정보시스템을통한간호과정활용이활발해지고있어정보기술을활용하고통합관리하는방법에대한교육이절실히요구되고있어간호교육자는임상자료의잠재적가치를이해하고임상자료를기록하고관리하는새로운방법을적용하고급속히변화하는임상환경에효율적인기능을위한준비가필요하게되었다. 만약교육자가미래를위해학생들을준비시킬수있다면, 학생들은임상실무에서요구되는상황에대해미리예견할수있고변화에적절히적응할수있을것이다 (Barton et al, 2003). 따라서표준화된간호과정을쉽게접근할수있도록웹으로간호과정프로그램을개발하여간호학생들에게간호과정을효과적으로적용할수있도록준비를시킬필요가있겠다. 지금까지간호과정프로그램을활용한연구를보면성인간호중환자실습을수행하는간호학생들을대상으로한사례연구 (Park & Park, 2001), 일반외과 (Lee & Choi, 2011), 정형외과 (Kim, 2005), 내 외과계 (Park, 2003; Park, Park, Jung, Joo, & Lee, 2003) 환자들을위한연구들이이루어졌지만, 전산화범위도한정되어있고간호학생들을위한표준화된간호과정에적용과관련된연구는미비한실정이다. 그리고아직임상실습을나가는간호대학생은환자를대하는첫사정단계에서다양한도구를활용해서수집되는자료를확인, 분류한후환자에대한간호진단을결정하는데미숙할뿐만아니라용어체계에대한교육경험이매우부족하다. 특히, 원인에대한부정확한진단은잘못된방향으로유도하여비효율적인결과와부정확한간호를수행하게만들수있으므로정보화시대에발맞추어간호에서도표준화된용어를사용하여전산화된간호과정을개발하여사용함으로써간호과정의적용을용이하게만들고비용효과적이며질높은방향으로간호행위를가시화할수있을것이다. 따라서본연구에서는임상실습을하는간호학생으로하여금표준화된간호용어인간호진단, 간호결과및간호중재분류체계를연계한웹기반의간호과정시스템을개발하고, 그결과를평가함으로써효과적인간호과정적용에대한방향을제시하고자한다. 연구목적 간호진단간호진단은실제적, 잠재적건강문제와삶의과정에대한개인, 가족혹은지역사회의반응을임상적으로판단한것을의미하며 (NANDA, 2007), 본연구에서사용한 NANDA 간호진단분류체계는영역 (domain), 클래스 (class), 간호진단 (Nursing Diagnosis) 라는 3개의수준 (level) 으로, 13개의영역과 47개의클래스와 188개의간호진단명으로구성되어있다. 간호결과간호결과는측정할수있는환자, 가족, 지역사회의상태, 행위및인지정도를의미하며, 각결과마다지표목록및 Likert형의측정척도가포함되어있다 (Moorhead, Johnson, & Maas, 2004). 본연구에서는사용된 NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification) 은 330개간호결과명과이를측정하는지표들을말한다. 간호중재분류체계간호중재는모든전문분야와실무환경에서간호사들이수행하는것을의미하며 (McCloskey & Buleche, 2000) 본연구에서는 NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) 은 7개의영역 (domain), 31개의클래스 (classes), 514개간호중재들을말한다. 간호진단- 간호결과- 간호중재연계간호진단- 간호결과- 간호중재연계는 NANDA의간호진단과간호결과분류체계 (NOC), 간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 간의연계를 Iowa 대학의 NOC과 NIC 연구팀이제안한것 (Johnson et al., 2006) 을말한다. 본연구에서는간호진단 188개에대한간호결과와간호중재의연계를말한다. 연구방법연구설계 본연구는간호학생의간호과정의적용을위한웹기반프로그램을개발하고, 개발한프로그램의효과를확인하기위한서술적조사연구를이용하였다. 본연구의목적은간호학생의임상실습지원을위한웹기반간호과정프로그램을개발하여적용한후간호학생의프로그램적용과관련된만족도를파악하기위함이다. 용어정의 연구대상개발된웹기반간호과정프로그램의효과검증은 D시에위치한 4년제 K대학에서간호과정에대한강의를수강한학생으로외과병동임상실습을하는간호과 3학년총 30명이다. 연구에대한설명과동의를구한후대학학장의승인과간 498 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월

3 호학과장의연구참여에대한동의하에시행되었다. 본연구의대상자에게본연구목적에대한설명을충분히한후서면동의한학생을대상으로편의표집하고, 대상자가원하는경우프로그램참여를철회할수있음을공지하였다. 연구도구 프로그램만족도웹기반간호과정프로그램에대한만족도를평가하기위해 Nguyen, Attkisson과 Stegner (1983) 가개발한 4점척도 7항목의대상자만족도척도인 CSQ-8 (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 8) 을간호학교수 1인과본연구자가간호과정프로그램에적합한문항으로수정 보완하였다. 본연구에서의신뢰도는 Cronbach's α=.92이었다. 질문문항은당신이적용한웹기반간호과정프로그램의질은어느정도입니까? 당신이원하는프로그램을제공받았습니까? 이프로그램은당신이원하는간호과정적용에어느정도만족시킵니까? 당신의동료에게이프로그램을권하고싶습니까? 전반적으로당신이적용한프로그램에얼마나만족합니까? 만약간호사가되어서간호과정을적용한다면이프로그램을이용하고싶습니까? 웹기반간호과정프로그램활용이필요하다고생각하십니까? 의 7문항을 Likert 4점척도로측정하였다자료수집방법본연구의대상자들은간호과정수업을통해간호과정에대한이론교육에대한학점이수를한학생이다. 각조별로 1 주간의외과병동실습 ( 총 40시간 ) 이진행되었으며실습시작전조별로오리엔테이션이이루어졌다. 본연구가시행된대학의외과병동을담당하는성인간호학교수에게연구에대한승낙을받은후외과병동오리엔테이션기간에본연구자가참여하여연구에대한설명후대상자들로부터연구동의를받았다. 연구대상자에대한프로그램적용은 4월부터 6월까지임상실습후실습컨퍼런스를하는당일자료수집을하였다. 프로그램의적용전 2011년 3월 1일부터 30일까지 4주동안사전조사를실시하였다. 웹기반간호과정프로그램에대한적용을위해대상자들이웹사이트에접속하여아이디와비밀번호를부여받은후적용할수있도록하였다. 본프로그램은실습 1주전부터웹을통해접근할수있도록개방해사전학습이가능하게하였다. 자료분석방법수집된자료의통계분석은 SPSS/17.0 Program을이용하여 프로그램이용만족도를평균과표준편차를구하였다. 연구결과 웹기반간호과정프로그램개발간호과정은프로그램은웹주소 nursingprocess를통하여접속할수있다. 본시스템은간호학생이환자의특정증상에대한진단- 결과- 중재에대한일련의간호과정 (Nursing Process) 을수행함에있어참조하기위한 NNN (NANDA, NOC, NIC) 기반의지침서 (Guideline) 를제공하고, 또한환자에게실제로수행한간호과정을저장및관리하며, 입력한환자정보와간호과정에관한데이터는정형화된형태의문서로변환하여프린터로출력할수있는환경을제공한다. 데이터베이스분석본연구자는간호진단과간호결과, 간호중재에대한앱을개발한자로간호진단, 간호결과, 간호중재의도메인, 연계간호정보시스템구축을위해단계별로필요로하는내용을도출하고선정하였다. 1) 간호진단의영역 (domain), 클래스 (class), 간호진단 (nursing diagnosis) 라는 3개의수준 (level) 별코딩구조를확인하였다. 2) 간호결과의영역 (domain), 클래스 (class), 환자결과명 (outcome), 환자결과지표 (indicator), 결과에대한측정활동별코딩구조를확인하였다. 3) 간호중재의영역 (domain), 클래스 (class), 중재명 (intervention) 에대한코딩구조를확인하고활동 (activity) 의추가코딩구조를추가하였다. 4) 간호진단과연계된간호결과와간호결과지표를연계하였다. 5) 간호결과와연계된간호중재와간호활동을연계하였다. 연계된데이터에대해서본연구자와영어와한국어가능숙한간호학교수 2인이각각번역하였다. 번역된가이드라인을상호비교하여의미의차이가있는문항은다시본연구자와간호학교수가번역하고상호비교하는과정을총 7회에걸쳐수행하였다. 마지막으로임상경력 10년이상의 2인에게가이드라인의원본과번역본을보내어각권고사항에대한번역의적절성과타당성을검증받았다. 설계개발및운영환경은 Programing Language: Java (development kits 1.6), JSP, Javascript, HTML, 데이터는 MS-SQL 2000 server를사용하였다. 운영체제는 Windows 2003 Server, Web container는 Apache Tomcat 5.5.4이였다. 그림 1의시스템구조를보면, NANDA, NIC, NOC의분류체계와, 간호학생이입력한환자정보및간호과정데이터는 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월 499

4 홍성정외 MS-SQL 2000 server에저장하여관리한다. 기본개발언어는자바 (Java) 로서, Java 기반의프로그램에서데이터베이스관리시스템 (DBMS) 에접속하기위해서는 JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) 를이용하였다. JDBC와직접연동하여데이터를입 출력하는데사용하는프로그램은 DAO (Database Access Object) 이며이또한 Java 언어로개발되었다. 본시스템에서생성된데이터는자바클래스 (Java class) 로생성되고전달되는데, 이를간단히 Bean으로정의하였다. 실제 Bean 객체를이용하여사용자에게필요한정보를정련하여보여주기위해기능별로유틸리티 (Utility) 프로그램모듈을개발하여이들을연계하여사용한다. 즉, Patient Information Manager 은진료대상환자의기본정보를입력하기위한모듈이고, Nursing Process Manager 는간호학생이환자에게행한간호과정에관한정보를생성하기위한모듈이다. 그리고이두모듈에서생성되는데이터는용어체계에기반하고, 용어체계의효율적인검색이가능하도록하기위한프로그램모듈이 Terminology Search 이다. 특히, 이모듈에서는 NANDA, NOC, NIC 간의연결정보 (Linkage information) 를함께제공한다 (Figure 2, Figure 3). 간호학생이생성한데이터를프린터로출력하기위해서는출력에적합한형태로데이터를정렬하여구성하여야하는데, Printing Manager 모듈에서이기능을담당한다. 시스템에서참조및생성하는데이터는 Java class 형태의 Entity Objects들로구성되는데, 크게 3가지영역으로나눌수있다. 용어체계 Beans: NANDA, NIC, NOC, ICD-9, ICD-10 과 같은분류체계를이용하기위해이들을구조화하여시스템에서활용하여야한다. 사용자정보 Bean: UserInfoBean은시스템사용자의기본정보 ( 접속계정정보 ) 를표현하기위한객체이다. 시스템에서생성되어데이터베이스에저장되는모든정보는 UserInfoBean에종속되며, 차후에특정사용자가생성한데이터를선택적으로관리할수있다. 환자정보및간호과정 Beans: 사용자가생성한환자의기본정보및간호과정에관한데이터를표현하기위한객체이다. 특히간호과정은사용자가선택한진단, 결과, 중재에관한데이터를나타내며, 이들구조는용어체계의데이터구조와유사하다. 즉, 용어체계의데이터는 NP 를접두어로하는 Bean 객체들이참조하는형태로표현된다. 프로그램에대한전문가내용타당도본연구를위한웹기반프로그램의내용타당도는성인간호학교수 2인, 임상실습지도경험이있는간호관리자 1인및 5년이상의경력간호사 5인을포함한 8인의전문가가평가하였다. 각전문가에게구성한프로그램을제공한후전문가평가를위해 Choi와 Kim (2009) 의평가도구를바탕으로본프로그램에맞게수정보완후 4점척도 (1= 매우적합하지않다 ; 2= 적합하지않다 ; 3= 적합하다 4= 매우적합하다 ), 총 6문항으로전체평균 3.69점으로 CVI는.88 이었다. 각문항별점수를살펴보면 이프로그램은간호학생의임상실습에필요한프로그램이다 의항목이 3.88점으로가장높은점수를보였고, 이프로그램의목적과간호학이지향하는바는일치한다, 이프로그램을통해간호학생이간호과정을적용하는데도움을줄것이다, 이프로그램은간호학생이간호과정에흥미를유발하기에적절하다 의 3개항목이 3.75점, 이프로그램에구성된내용은간호학생이전반적인간호과정을이해하는데적합하다 항목은 3.63점을나타내었으며, 이프로그램은간호학생이이용하는데편리하다 항목에 3.38점으로가장낮은점수를나타내었다. Figure 1. System architecture 대상자교육본프로그램적용을위한교육은임상실습전학생을대상으로본연구자와웹기반프로그램개발을담당한교수의검증을거쳐연구대상자에게적합한내용으로개발하였다. 이에따라본연구에서는교육자료를준비하여매주 1회씩 60 분간, 총 6회로간호과정에대한교육을실시하였다. 교육내용은다음과같다. 1회기는도입단계로먼저연구에참여한간호학생을대상으로연구의목적과연구설계전반에대한내용을소개하였 500 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월

5 하였다. 2회기의주제는간호과정에대한전반적인이해단계이다. NANDA 간호진단, NOC 간호결과및 NIC 간호중재분류체계의개발, 목적, 목록, 정의등에관하여교육을하였다. 3회기의주제는 NANDA 간호진단, NOC 간호결과및 NIC 간호중재연계에관한교육을하고직접사례를적용하도록하였다. 4회기는 NNN를통한사례연구를각각하도록하고 PPT로발표를하도록하였다. 5회기, 6회기, 7회기는웹기반프로그램에대한교육을시행하였고, 직접시연을할수있도록하였다 (Table 1). Figure 2. Selection of indicators and measurement scale for nursing outcomes 예비조사 : 임상실습학생의프로그램평가개발된프로그램에대한임상실습학생의반응을평가하기위해서연구병원과관계가없는 U 대학간호학과 3학년학생 10명에게 3월 1일부터 3월 30일까지예비조사를하여웹기반간호과정프로그램에대한피드백을받았다. 이에따라 NANDA에서제시된각각의간호진단에대한정의적특성, 관련 / 위험요인, 증상 / 증후의메뉴와간호중재메뉴를프로그램이외의내용을메모할수있는공간을만들어서내용들의기록이가능하게하였고, 의학진단과간호진단검색화면에서주요어만으로검색이가능하도록프로그램을수정, 보완한후적용하여프로그램을평가하였다. 프로그램적용및만족도평가전체문항의평균점수는 3.65 (±0.22) 점이었으며, 각문항별평점을살펴보면, 웹기반간호과정프로그램활용이필요하다고생각하십니까? 3.87 (±0.43) 점의순이었다. 당신의동료에게이프로그램을권하고싶습니까? 3.80 (±0.66) 점, 이프로그램은당신이원하는간호과정적용에어느정도만족시킵니까? 3.73 (±0.64) 점, 전반적으로당신이적용한프로그램에얼마나만족합니까? 3.67 (±0.48) 점, 당신이적용한간호과정프로그램의질은어느정도입니까? 3.63 (±0.49) 점, 당신이원하는프로그램을제공받았습니까? 3.53 (±0.68) 점, 만약간호사가되어서간호과정을적용한다면이프로그램을이용하고싶습니까? 3.33 (±0.48) 점순이었다 (Table 2). 논 의 Figure 3. Selection of characteristics and related factors in nursing diagnosis 다. 교육전간호과정에대한이해정도에대해물었고, 간호과정에대한필요성을말하도록하였다. 이후연구자가 PPT 로간호과정의필요성, 기원, 간호과정적용방법등을교육 임상실습을준비하고있는대다수의학생들이간호과정의효율적인적용에대한필요를느끼고있으며, 임상현장에서표준화된간호과정적용의요구가높아지고있는상황에서언제어디서나근거에접근할수있고비용이저렴한웹의장점 (Kang, Kim, Park, & Park, 2010) 을살려웹기반간호과정프로그램을개발하였다. 본연구의웹기반간호과정프로그램의개발과정에서가 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월 501

6 홍성정외 Table 1. Overview of the Web-Based Nursing Process Session Time Contents and learning activities Methods 1st session 60 min Introduction of the purpose of the nursing process study and overview of study design Lecture 2nd session 120 min Development, goal, list and definition of NANDA nursing diagnosis, NOC nursing outcomes, and NIC nursing interventions Lecture 3rd session 60 min Examples of the link among NANDA nursing diagnosis, NOC nursing outcome, and NIC nursing interventions Case study Lecture Discussion Presentation 4th session 60 min Case study Presentation 5th session 60 min Demonstration of web-based nursing program Demonstration 6th session 60 min Demonstration of web-based nursing program Demonstration 7th session 60 min Demonstration of web-based nursing program Demonstration Table 2. Student Evaluation of Web-Based Program on Nursing Process for Nursing Students Category Score M ± SD How would you rate the quality of the nursing process you used? 3.63 ± 0.49 Did you receive the program you expected? 3.53 ± 0.68 How much does this program satisfy the nursing process you expected? 3.73 ± 0.64 Would you recommend this program to your colleagues? 3.80 ± 0.66 How would you rate your overall satisfaction with the program you used? 3.67 ± 0.48 Do you want to use this program when you become a nurse and have implement a nursing process? 3.33 ± 0.48 Do you think a web-based nursing process program is necessary? 3.87 ± 0.43 Total 3.65 ± 0.22 장어려웠던부분은 NANDA에서제시된각각의간호진단에대한정의적특성, 관련 / 위험요인, 증상 / 증후에대한범위와구성에대한것이었다. 왜냐하면, NANDA에서제시된각각의간호진단에대한정의적특성, 관련 / 위험요인, 증상 / 증후와간호중재에대한내용이기존의임상현장과차이가있어학생들이간호진단을적용하는데어려움이있을것으로판단되었기때문이다. 이에본연구에서는예비조사를통하여 NANDA에서제시된각각의간호진단에대한정의적특성, 관련 / 위험요인, 증상 / 증후의메뉴와간호중재메뉴에서는프로그램이외의내용을메모할수있는공간을만들어서이내용들의기록이가능하게하였다. 본연구에서개발된간호과정웹기반프로그램은기존의선행연구 (Kim, 2005; Yom, Chi, & Yoo, 2002) 와는달리전간호과정을프로그램에적용시켰다. 이는임상실습현장이모든대상자를망라하는포괄적인간호용어분류체계를선택하도록되어있어서특정대상자단위로프로그램의개발과적용의한계성이있기때문이다. 또한사례연구대상자의일반적특성메뉴에환자의과거력, 특이사항등의기록할수있도록하였고, 특히의학진단을 ICD 10의코드를부여하여, 청구코드의학습이가능하게하였다. 그리고간호사정, 간호진단, 간호결과, 간호중재와간호활동을연계하여, 간호진단에따른적합한중재및활동을효율적으로선택하여시행한결과를지속적으로관리할수있도록간호활동의빈도측정뿐아니라간호중재전, 후의간호결과분석까지체계적으로관 리할수있도록개발되었다. 이로인해그동안임상실습을나간학생들이정확한간호진단을내리는부분에서자신감이부족의문제와정확한진단을내리기위해많은시간이소요되는문제점을해결하였다. 본연구에서개발된프로그램은대다수의간호과정프로그램과달리간호학생의소수가외국인이있음을감안하여본연구의프로그램은간호과정의내용을한국어와영어를모두볼수있게메뉴를구성하였다. 그러나간호결과의지표영역에서간호결과지표를임상현장에서적용하지않는경우가있어간호학생들이결과를객관적으로확인하는데어려움이있었고, 개발된프로그램이병원정보시스템과직접연계되어있지않아환자정보를중복입력하는번거로움이있었다. 따라서웹기반간호과정프로그램을간호학생뿐만임상현장의간호사를대상으로한지속적인사용으로나타난축적된자료를통해환자간호에서필요한간호진단, 간호중재, 결과의타당성있는표준화된새로운용어들이만들어진다면간호과정을임상현장에서쉽게적용하고간호지식의개발과확장에도중요한역할을할수있을것으로사료된다. 전문가평가에서웹기반간호과정프로그램의필요성에대한점수가높게나왔는데, 이는임상실습을하는간호학생들이환자의사정단계를통한간호진단을결정하는데미숙하고, 특히표준화된간호과정적용훈련이부족하기때문으로사료된다. 그러나프로그램접근의편리성에대한항목에서점수가상대적으로낮게나왔는데, 이는본연구에서개발 502 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월

7 된프로그램이병원전산화시스템과연계되지않아간호학생들이직접기록을해야하는번거로움과연관이있을것으로사료된다. 웹기반간호과정프로그램을이용한간호학생들은프로그램이용후전체적으로만족도평가에서높은점수를나타내었다. 특히 웹기반간호과정프로그램활용이필요하다고생각하십니까? 의문항이 3.87점으로가장높은점수를나타내었다. 이는간호과정의각단계에해당하는간호진단, 중재, 평가에서표준화된분류체계를사용하여간호학생들의지식및경험부족을보완하고간호진단을논리적으로내리는데도움을줌으로써간호지식의적용을촉진할수있을뿐아니라비판적사고능력을배양하여간호진단에따른간호중재를제시하고간호계획을수립하는것을보다용이하게하며, 간호중재의효율성측정및즉각적인피드백을제공할수있었기때문으로사료된다. 이러한간호과정프로그램을통해익힌능력은장차간호사로서전문직으로한층성숙할수있는근거를제공할수있으며, 간호학생들이향후간호사가되었을때그위치를더욱확고히할수있도록도울것이다. 전문적인간호이론과접목된실제임상에서의간호과정의활용을위해체계적인간호용어의교육프로그램과개발과정에서분석및설계할수있는간호정보학적능력배양을위해서급속히발전하는정보화시대에간호대학의교육과정에도움이될것으로기대한다. 그러나 만약간호사가되어서간호과정을적용한다면이프로그램을이용하고싶습니까? 의문항이 3.33점으로가장낮은점수를나타내었다. 이문항과관련된프로그램이용후기에서간호진단을위한사정자료에서주관적인자료와구체적인환자사정증상, 간호중재영역에서메뉴에없는내용을일일이기록해야하는점과간호결과지표가임상현장과는너무상이하여적용하는데어려움을호소하였다. 또한간호정보시스템과연계가되지않아직접사례연구를위한대상자의정보를직접입력해야하여, 대다수의학생들이병원전산프로그램과연계된다면, 간호사가되어도웹기반간호과정프로그램을이용하겠다고하였다. 기타프로그램이용후기에는간호과정교육에관한메뉴와임상에서사용하고있는 ICD 10, SNOMET CT 등용어분류체계정보메뉴, 사례연구예시등과관련된다양한메뉴를포함한프로그램개발이필요함을기술하였다. 따라서간호행위의책임범위가규명될수있고, 간호의질평가나의료수가의객관적인근거가될수있는간호과정의임상적용을촉진할수있도록임상과교육이연계될수있는프로그램개발이필요할것으로사료된다. 본연구는외과병동실습을한일부간호학생을대상으로만족도를조사한것으로일반화하는데는제한점을가지고 있으며, 기존의간호과정적용방법을적용하는간호학생들과의비교를하지못한점이본연구의제한점이다. 이러한제한점에도불구하고본연구는기존의간호과정프로그램과달리전간호과정을적용하여개발되었고, 환자를대하는첫사정단계에서간호진단을결정하여간호중재와간호결과를평가하는방법을쉽고빠르게적용할수있도록간호학생을대상으로개발되었다는점에서의미가있다. 결론및제언 본연구는 NNN 연계를이용해개발된웹기반간호과정프로그램을간호학생들에게적용하여간호진단- 간호결과- 간호중재연계를확인하여제시함으로써간호과정의적용을활발히하는기초자료를마련하고자시도되었다. 자료는 2011년 4 월부터 2011년 6월까지 D광역시에위치한 K병원에입원한외과환자 80명을대상으로 30명의간호학생들이사례연구를한후프로그램만족도를평가하였다. 표준화된간호진단, 간호결과, 간호중재연계프로그램을통해학생들이쉽게간호과정에접근할수있었고, 사례연구를위한시간이많이절약되었고, 다양한간호중재를적용이가능하여높은만족도를나타내었다. 따라서본연구에서개발된웹기반간호과정프로그램이간호학생들의임상실습의질향상을위한효과적인교수학습전략으로활용되기를기대한다. 그러나간호진단을위한사정자료입력과임상실습에서간호결과지표의어려움, 많은간호중재로인한복잡성의단점이지적되어이러한단점을보완한연구가지속되어야할것이다. 또한향후연구로서웹기반간호과정프로그램을본연구대상자와다른학제나다른임상실습환경을가진학생들에게반복적용하여효과를검증할것과간호사를대상으로적용을하여단위분과별간호영역의 NNN연계개발을제언하다. References Androwich, I. M., Bickford, C. J., Button, P. S., Hunter, K. M., Murphy, J., & Sensmeier, J. (2003). Clinical Information Systems: A Framework for Reaching the Vision. Washington DC: ANA Publishing. Barton, A. J., Gilbert, L., Erickson, V., Baramee, J., Sowers, D., & Robertson, K. J. (2003). A Guide to Assist Nurse Practitioners with Standardized Nursing Language. Computers Informatics Nursing, 21, Blegan, M. A. & Tripp-Reimer, T. (1997). Implication of nursing taxonomies for middle-range theory development. Advances in Nursing Science, 19, 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월 503

8 홍성정외 Cho, E. J., & Kim, N. C. (2008). Validation of major nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NANDA-NOC-NIC) linkage for adult surgery patients of post anesthetic care unit. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 14, Choi, K. B., & Kim, J. S. (2009). Effects of an educational program for the reduction of physical restraint use by caregivers in geriatric hospitals. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 39, Dochterman, J. M., & Bulechek, G. M. (2004). Nursing intervention classification (NIC) (4th ed). St Louis, MO: Mosby. Kang, S. M., Kim, H. Y., Park, K. S., & Park, Y. S. (2010). Methodology of Online Survey Questionnaire based on Webgame towards Spacial Color Combination and Affective Word. Journal of Korea Contents Society, 10, Kim, H. S. (2005). Development and application of a computerized nursing process program for orthopedic surgery inpatients (NANDA, NOC, and NIC linkages). Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 35, Kim, J. S. (2010). Development and effect of a web-based child health care program for the staff at child daycare centers. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 40, Johnson, M., Bluechek, G., Butcher, H., Dochterman, J. M., Maas, M., Moorhead, S., et al. (2001). NANDA, NOC, NIC linkages: Nursing diagnoses, outcomes, & interventions(1st ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Johnson, M., Bluechek, G., Butcher, H., Dochterman, J. M., Maas, M., Moorhead, S., et al,. (2006). NANDA, NOC, NIC linkages: Nursing diagnoses, outcomes, & interventions (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Lee, E. J., & Choi, S. H. (2011). Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention (NANDA-NOC-NIC) Linkages in Surgical Nursing Unit. Journal of Korean Academy Adult Nursing 23, McCloskey, J. C., & Bulechek, G. M. (2000). Nursing intervention classification (NIC) (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Moorhead, S., & Johnson, M., & Maas, M. (2004). Nursing outcomes classification (NOC) (3rd ed). St. Louis: Mosby. Moorhead, S., & Delany, C. (1997). Mapping nursing intervention data into the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC); Process and Rules. Nursing Diagnosis, 8, NANDA International. (2007). NANDA nursing diagnosis: definitions & classification Philadelphia: NANDA. Nguyen, T. D., Attkison, C. C., & Stegner, B. L. (1983). Assessment of patient satisfaction Development and refinement of a service evaluation questionnaire. Evaluation and Program Planning, 6, Park, H. J. (2003). Development and application of the computerized nursing process program using nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention linkage. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju. Park, S. O., & Park, H. K. (2001). Impact of Applying "Nursing Process Program" to Nursing Practice-Based on I.C.U. Nursing Practice. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 8, Park, S. A., Park, J. H., Jung, M. S., Joo, M. K., & Lee, H. J. (2003). Usefulness about computerized nursing process (Nursing diagnosis and nursing intervention linkage) system. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 9, Plowfield, L. A., Hayes, E. R., & Hall-Long, B. (2005). Using the Omaha System to Document the Wellness Needs of the Elderly. The Nursing Clinics of North America, 40, Yom, Y. H., Chi, S. A., & Yoo, H. S., (2002). Application of nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes to patients undergoing abdominal surgery in Korea. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications, 13, 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월

9 Development and Effects of a Comprehensive Web-Based Nursing Process for Nursing Students* Hong, Sung-Jung 1) Kim, Hwa Sun 2) 1) Post doctoral fellow, Medical Informatics Platform for Telehealth Development Center, Kyungpook National University 2) Full-Time Lecturer, Department of Medical Information Technology, Daegu Haany University Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive web-based nursing process program to assist nursing students and to evaluate the effects of the program. Methods: The system provides nursing students with guidelines based on NNN (NANDA, NOC, NIC) when the nursing students conduct a series of nursing procedures on diagnosis-outcome-intervention for a specific symptom. It also maintains and manages nursing processes actually conducted by students for clinical practices, and provides an environment where the patient information and nursing process can be converted into a formatted document for printing. This web-based program was used to surgical patients from April to June Results: The overall satisfaction rate was The item with the highest score was, Do you think a web-based nursing process program is necessary? (3.87), followed by Do you want to use this program when you become a nurse and implement the nursing process? (3.33). Conclusion: These results indicate that implementation of web-based programs needs to be continued as an effective tool, but more research is needed on the best way to implement web-based programs in various clinical setting. Key words : Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Students, Guideline * This research was supported by the R&D Program of MKE/KEIT (KI , KI ). Address reprint requests to : Kim, Hwa Sun Department of Medical Information Technology, Daegu Haany University 1, Hanui-daero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea, Tel: Fax: pulala@paran.com 기본간호학회지 18(4), 2011 년 11 월 505

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