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1 여성건강간호학회지제 17 권, 제 3 호, 2011 년 9 월 Korean J Women Health Nurs Vol. 17, No. 3, , September, 간호중재분류 (NIC) 에근거한부인과간호단위의간호중재분석 홍성정 1 이성희 2 김화선 3 경북대학교의료정보원천기술연구소박사후연구원 1, 경북대학교간호대학간호학과부교수 2, 대구한의대학교 IT의료산업학과전임강사 3 Analysis of Nursing Interventions Performed by Gynecological Nursing Unit Nurses Using the Nursing Interventions Classification Hong, Sung-Jung 1 Lee, Sung Hee 2 Kim, Hwa Sun 3 1 Post Doctoral Fellow, Medical Informatics Platform for Telehealth Development Center, Kyungpook National University, 2 Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, 3 Full-time Lecturer, Department of Medical Information Technology, Daegu Haany University Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing intervention performed by nurses on gynecological nursing units. Methods: The instrument in this study is based on the fifth edition of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (2008). Data was collected by Electronic Medical record from August, 2010 to October, 2010 at one hospital and analyzed by using frequencies in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results: Of a total of 82 NIC, domains of the nursing interventions showed higher percentages for physiological: basic (36.3%) and physiological: complex (34.5%). The classes of nursing interventions showed higher percentage for health system mediation (12.1%), perioperative care (10.0%), and drug management (8.6%). The most frequently used top interventions were Discharge Planning. The thirty least used interventions was environmental management. Top thirty most frequently used interventions belonged to the domain of physiological: basic (37.9%), physiological: complex (31.1%), and behavioral (5.4%). Conclusion: These findings will help in the establishment of a standardized language for gynecological nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care. Key Words: Nursing intervention, Classification, Gynecology, Electronic medical record, Standards 서론 1. 연구의필요성간호중재는간호사가대상자의결과를향상시키기위하여간호진단과정해진목표에따라과학적지식과간호사의임상적판단을기반으로수행하는모든종류의활동을말하며 (Bulechek, Butcher, & Dochterman, 2008), 간호사는대상자의건강문제를해결하기위해다양한형태로간호중재 를하고있다 (Choi, Kim, & Park, 2003). 그러나간호서비스의특성이무형의서비스라는점과다양한중재를나타낼수있는표준화된용어가없기때문에간호서비스의성과에대한인식이높지않다. 최근의료서비스에대한소비자의요구가확대되고의료비용의상승과함께간호서비스결과에대한관심이집중되고있고, 근거기반실무가보건의료분야의중요한방법으로대두되면서각전문분야의행위에대한결과를증명해야할필요성들이증가하고있다. 또한 21세기과학기술을 주요어 : 간호중재, 분류, 부인과, 전자의무기록, 표준 Address reprint requests to: Kim, Hwa Sun, Department of Medical Information Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Hanui-daero, Gyeongsan , Korea. Tel: , pulala@paran.com - 이논문은지식경제부및한국산업기술평가관리원의지식서비스산업원천기술개발사업의일환으로수행하였음 (KI , KI ). - This research was supported by the R&D Program of MKE/KEIT (KI , KI ). 투고일 : 2011년 7월 8일 / 1차심사완료일 : 2011년 8월 30일, 2차심사완료일 : 2011년 9월 2일 / 게재확정일 : 2011년 9월 3일 Vol. 17, No. 3,
2 홍성정 이성희 김화선 근거로한정보기술의발달로보건의료계에도영향을미쳐병원정보시스템이발달하고있다. 이러한정보시스템의발달은간호계에도변화를초래하였는데그중하나가간호실무를과학화하고가시화하는방법의하나로써표준화된간호분류체계가등장하게되었다. 현재표준간호용어체계는간호업무를컴퓨터로체계화할수있도록개발이되고있으며, 수행한간호정보에대해효과적인기록을도모하므로업무를가시화시킴으로써간호사들간의의사소통뿐아니라임상에서간호중재를용이하게활용하기위해개발되고있다 (Moorhead & Delany, 1997). 따라서표준화된간호용어를이용하여간호업무를규명하고분류할필요가있겠다. 표준화된분류체계인간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 는미국 Iowa 대학의 McCloskey와 Bulechek가 1987년부터다양한연구방법을적용하여분류체계를개발하였다. NIC은 7개간호중재영역과 30개의군으로 542개의중재가알파벳순으로분류되어있고, 기호화되어의학용어체계 (Unified Medical Language System, UMLS) 와 Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) 와도매핑 (mapping) 되어있다. 이러한 NIC은각분야에서행하는간호를표준화된간호중재로설명이가능하고 (McCloskey & Bulechek, 2000), 같은간호진단에서도간호사개인에따라다양한간호행위를할수있으므로간호중재분류체계에의해간호사들은일정한간호중재를표준화할수있다. 따라서다양한기관에서근무하는간호사들이표준화된언어를통해간호실무에관한의사소통을가능하게해주므로간호수가및간호결과에대한분석을할수있는근거를제시해준다 (Kim, 2005). 이러한간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 를국내에적용하고타당성을검증한연구들로는정형외과단위연구 (Kim, 2005; Kwon & Park, 2002), 내과계외과계병동과중환자실단위연구 (Park & Jung, 2005), 회복실단위의연구 (Kwon, 2006; Lee, 2000), 응급실단위의연구 (Oh, 2006), 신생아실단위의연구 (Kim, 2004), 정신과간호단위의연구 (Choi, Kim, & Park, 2003), 수술실단위의연구 (Lee & Park, 2002), 중환자실단위의연구 (Park, 2001), 혈액투석단위의연구 (Choi, 2001), 말기암환자 (Choi & Jang, 2005), 가정간호대상 (Yong, Yoo, & Yoo, 2000) 등이있다. 이와같이위의선행연구들은여러간호단위에서이루어졌는데, 부인과간호단위의특성을반영한연구는부족한실정이다. NIC의개발목적이간호업무가이루어지는모든 환경에서적용가능한분류체계를개발하여간호업무를확인하는것으로, 각간호분야의핵심간호중재분류는다른간호분야간의의사소통을가능하게한다. 이는나아가빠르게발전하고있는정보기술을신속히간호정보시스템에활용하여전반적인간호관리실무의생산성을향상시킬수있도록한다. 간호가하는일이무엇이고, 간호가환자의결과에어떻게기여하는지에대한비용효과를증명하기위해컴퓨터를이용한중재에대한정보의활용이무엇보다중요하다 (Simpson, 2003). 따라서본연구는표준화된 NIC 중재를이용하여부인과간호단위의간호사가수행한간호중재를확인하고분류하여부인과간호영역에서의간호서비스질을향상시키고, 간호중재의효과성을측정할수있는간호과정프로그램개발의기초자료를제공하고자한다. 2. 연구목적본연구의목적은간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 를기반으로부인과환자에게행하는간호중재를확인하고분류함으로써궁극적으로부인과간호영역에서의간호전문성을높이고간호서비스의질을향상시키기위함이다. 구체적인목적은다음과같다. 부인과간호단위의간호중재를 NIC의영역 (domain) 과군 (class) 으로분류하여수행빈도를확인한다. 부인과간호단위의핵심간호중재의종류와수행빈도를확인한다. 3. 용어정의 1) 간호기록간호기록은간호사의업무수행내역을정리한글로서간호사가제공한간호와그간호에대한환자의반응, 간호의결과, 환자의상태에대한기록 (Chi, Choi, Park, & Jung, 1999) 이다. 본연구에서는산부인과재원환자의 International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) 전자의무기록에적용된간호기록으로제한한다. 2) 간호중재분류 (nursing interventions classification) 간호중재는모든전문분야와실무환경에서간호사들이수행하는것을의미하며 (McCloskey & Bulechek, 2000), 간호중재분류 (Nursing Interventions Classification) 는 276 Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
3 간호중재분류 (NIC) 에근거한부인과간호단위의간호중재분석 Iowa 대학교간호대학의간호중재분류센타 (The Center for Nursing Classification) 연구팀에의해개발되었으며, 2008년에 5판으로개정 증보되었다. 본연구에서는 2007 년에개정된 7개의간호중재영역 (Domain) 아래 30개의간호중재군 (Class), 그리고 542개의간호중재목록을의미한다 (Bulechek, Butcher, & Dochterman, 2008). 3) 핵심간호중재 (core nursing intervention) 각특수분야의간호사들이가장많이수행하거나간호사가수행하는간호중재로서간호전문분야를정의할수있는간호중재를말하며 (McCloskey & Bulechek, 2000), 본연구에서는부인과간호단위에서가장자주수행되는간호중재로상위 30개의간호중재를의미한다. 과에서차이가나는중재는여러번의확인과정을거쳐 3인의연구자에의해충분한토론이이루어진후완전한의견일치를확인하였다. 이후나열된진술문이 NIC 중재의경우영역 (domain) 과군 (class) 로구분하였고, NIC 코드에부합되는영역과군을적용하였다. 4. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 17.0 프로그램을활용하여분석하였으며, 분석방법은다음과같다. 대상자의일반적특성은서술통계를사용하였다. 부인과간호단위의간호중재의영역과군, 핵심간호중재를빈도와백분율로구하였다. 1. 연구설계 연구방법 1. 대상자의일반적특성 연구결과 본연구는간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 를이용하여일개대학병원부인과간호단위에서행해지는간호중재를파악하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구의대상은 2010년 8월부터 2010년 10월까지 D시에위치한 K병원의부인과간호단위에서입원치료후퇴원한 244명의전자의무기록시스템의간호기록데이터이며, 부인과환자가입원시전자의무기록활용 ( 교육, 연구 ) 에서면으로동의한환자의자료를대상으로하였다. 3. 자료수집 D시에위치한일대학병원부인과간호단위에서입원하여퇴원한환자의간호기록데이터를엑셀파일로송부받은후사정, 진단, 중재, 평가로분리하였다. 간호사정, 간호진단, 간호평가는제외시키고간호중재에서사용된간호진술문들을나열하였다. 각각의기록을검토하여간호중재에해당하는기록만을추출하였다. 추출된간호중재에대한기록은 3명의연구자가각각 NIC의분류체계와연계를시도하였다. 각각의연구자에의해 1차적으로 NIC과의연계를확인한후다시각각의연구자가서로검토하여연계결 대상자의특성으로부인과환자의평균연령은 43.11± 14.06세이며, 재원기간은 4.43±1.22일이었다. 진단명으로는자궁목의악성신생물 (C53.0) 이 39명 (16.0%) 으로가장많았으며, 자궁체의악성신생물 (C54.0) 이 32명 (13.1%), 자궁의내막증 (N80.0) 이 30명 (12.3%), 자궁의평활근종 (D25.9) 이 30명 (12.3%), 난소의악성신생물 (C56) 이 28명 (11.5%) 이었으며, 기타로는여성골반의염증성질환 (N73) 이 23명 (9.4%), 기타및상세불명의난소낭 (N83.2) 16명 (6.6%) 등으로나타났으며, 대상자의 219명 (89.8%) 이수술을받은것으로나타났다 (Table 1). 2. 간호기록의분류전체대상자의간호기록은사정, 진단, 계획, 수행, 평가의항목으로분류하였다. 244명의환자간호기록에서발견된총 18,127개의구절중 1,704개의사정, 6,523개의간호계획, 8,126개의간호중재, 1,774개의환자평가에관한기록이었다. 3. NIC에연계된간호기록의분석 8,126개의간호중재진술문중 NIC 중재에연계되는진술문의분류는총 7,883개이며, 그것들은 82개의 NIC 중재 Vol. 17, No. 3,
4 홍성정 이성희 김화선 Table 1. The Characteristics of the Gynecology Patients (N=244) Characteristics Categories n(%) M±SD Age (year) 20~29 30~39 40~49 50~ (16.0) 78 (32.0) 61 (25.0) 34 (13.9) 32 (13.1) 43.11±14.06 Medical diagnoses (ICD code) Patients type Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri (C53.0) Malignant neoplasm of corpus uteri (C54.0) Endometriosis of uterus (N80.0) Leiomyoma of uterus, unspecified (D25.9) Malignant neoplasm of ovary (C56) Other female pelvic inflammatory diseases (N73) Other and unspecified ovarian cysts (N83.2) Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri (D06) Benign neoplasm of ovary (D27) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital organs (C57) Surgery patients Chemotherapy patients 39 (16.0) 32 (13.1) 30 (12.3) 30 (12.3) 28 (11.5) 23(9.4) 16(6.6) 18(7.4) 14(5.7) 14(5.7) 219 (89.8) 25(10.2) Length of stay (days) 4.3±1.22 에연계되었다. 7,883개의 NIC 중재는 1 생리학적 : 기본적 영역에 2,858개, 2 생리학적 : 복합적 영역에 2,720개, 3 행동학적 영역에 539개, 4 안전 영역에 623개, 5 건강체계 영역에 1,184개로총 5개영역에귀속되었다 (Table 2). 29개의 NIC 중재에연계되는 1 생리학적 : 기본적 영역에는총 2,858개 (36.3%) 의간호진술문으로, 활동과운동관리군, 배설관리, 부동관리, 영양지지, 정신적안위도모, 자가간호촉진등 6개의군으로나타났다. 그중배설관리부분에관한중재가 647개 (8.2%) 로가장많은진술문을차지하고있었고, 부동관리가 200개 (2.5%) 로가장적게나타났다. 30개의 NIC 중재에연계되는 2 생리학적 : 복합적 영역에는총 2,720개 (34.5%) 의진술문으로, 전해질과산-염기관리, 약물관리, 수술전간호, 호흡관리, 피부 / 상처간호, 체온조절, 조직관류관리등 7개군으로나타났다. 그중수술전간호군이 790개 (10.0%) 로가장많았으며, 호흡관리가 175개 (2.2%) 로가장적게나타났다. 9개의 NIC 중재에연계되는 3 행동학적 영역에는총 539개 (6.8%) 의진술문이포함되어있고, 행동요법, 대처보조, 환자교육, 정신심리적안위도모군이나타났고, 대처보조군이가장많았고, 행동요법군이가장적게나타났다. 7개의 NIC 중재에연계되는 4 안전 영역에는위험관리군으로총 623개 (7.9%) 의진술문이포함되었고, 7개의 NIC 중재에연계되는 5 건강체계 영역에는총 1,184개 (15.0%) 의진술문으로건강체계조정군과정보관리군으로나타났다. Table 2. The Classes and Domains of All Interventions Classes and domains of interventions n (%) Physiological: basic (subtotal) Activity and exercise management Elimination management Immobility management Nutrition support Physical comfort promotion Self-care facilitation Physiological: complex (subtotal) Electrolyte and acid-base management Drug management Perioperative care Respiratory management Skin/wound management Thermoregulation Tissue perfusion management Behavior (subtotal) Behavioral therapy Coping assistance Patient education Psychological comfort promotion Safety (subtotal) Risk management Health system (subtotal) Health system mediation Information management 2,858 (36.3) 440 (5.6) 647 (8.2) 200 (2.5) 596 (7.6) 576 (7.3) 399 (5.1) 2,720 (34.5) 328 (4.2) 681 (8.6) 790 (10.0) 175 (2.2) 188 (2.4) 312 (4.0) 246 (3.1) 539 (6.8) 3 (0.0) 354 (4.5) 156 (2.0) 26 (0.3) 623 (7.9) 623 (7.9) 1,184 (15.0) 958 (12.1) 226 (2.9) Total 7,883 (100.0) 278 Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
5 간호중재분류 (NIC) 에근거한부인과간호단위의간호중재분석 부인과간호단위의간호사가수행한전체간호중재중영역별로는생리학적기본영역이 36.3% 로가장많은수행빈도를나타내었으며, 전체 21개군중에서건강체계조정군이 12.1% 로가장높게나타났고, 행동요법군이 0.0% 로가장낮게나타났다. 4. 핵심간호중재수행빈도 1) 수행빈도가높은상위 30개간호중재와수행빈도가낮은하위 30개간호중재가장높은수행빈도를나타낸중재는퇴원계획 (11.9%) Table 3. The 30 Most and Least Frequency Used Interventions Rank The most rank interventions n (%) The least rank interventions n (%) 1 Discharge planning 787 (11.9) Vomiting management 19 (10.6) 2 Pain management 388 (5.9) Sleep enhancement 16 (8.9) 3 Teaching: preoperative 378 (5.7) Cardiac care: acute 15 (8.3) 4 Emotional support 354 (5.4) Temperature regulation 12 (6.7) 5 Exercise therapy: ambulation 296 (4.5) Fluid resuscitation 11 (6.1) 6 Medication administration 293 (4.4) Fluid/electrolyte management 11 (6.1) 7 Vital signs monitoring 273 (4.1) Teaching: prescribed medication 11 (6.1) 8 Constipation/impaction management 262 (4.0) Teaching: individual 11 (6.1) 9 Surgical preparation 262 (4.0) Bowel training 8 (4.4) 10 Self-care assistance: bathing hygiene 252 (3.8) Tube care: gastrointestinal 8 (4.4) 11 Diet staging 218 (3.3) Positioning 6 (3.3) 12 Documentation 206 (3.1) Hyperglycemia management 5 (2.8) 13 Bed rest care 194 (2.9) Infection control: intraoperative 5 (2.8) 14 Nutrition management 194 (2.9) Perineal care 4 (2.2) 15 Fever treatment 192 (2.9) Bleeding reduction: gastrointestinal 4 (2.2) 16 Nutrition therapy 173 (2.6) Anxiety reduction 4 (2.2) 17 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration 173 (2.6) Tube care: urinary 3 (1.7) 18 Nausea management 169 (2.6) Weight management 3 (1.7) 19 Admission care 167 (2.5) Activity therapy 3 (1.7) 20 Postanesthesia care 150 (2.3) Oral health promotion 2 (1.1) 21 Fall prevention 149 (2.3) Urinary catheterization 2 (1.1) 22 Exercise promotion 144 (2.2) Urinary retention care 2 (1.1) 23 Electrolyte management 135 (2.0) Electrolyte management: hyperkalcemia 2 (1.1) 24 Wound care: closed drainage 126 (1.9) Electrolyte management: hypokalcemia 2 (1.1) 25 Medication administration: intravenous 123 (1.9) Medication administration: skin 2 (1.1) 26 Bladder irrigation 115 (1.7) Teaching: prescribed diet 2 (1.1) 27 Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) assistance 109 (1.7) Environmental management: safety 2 (1.1) 28 Bleeding precautions 109 (1.7) Environmental management: home preparation 2 (1.1) 29 Infection protection 108 (1.6) Preoperative coordination 2 (1.1) 30 Urinary elimination management 102 (1.5) Environmental management 1 (0.6) Vol. 17, No. 3,
6 홍성정 이성희 김화선 이었으며, 30개중에서소변배설관리 (1.5%) 가가장낮은수행빈도를나타내었다 (Table 3). 이를영역별로나누어보면생리학적기본영역에서핵심간호중재는소변배설관리, 방광세척, 운동증진, 오심관리, 영양요법, 영양관리, 침상안전관리, 식이단계, 자가간호보조 : 목욕 / 위생, 변비 / 숙변관리, 운동요법 : 보행, 통증관리등 12개였다. 생리학적복합영역의핵심간호중재는출혈예방, 자가통증장치보조, 투약관리 : 정맥, 상처간호 : 폐쇄적, 전해질관리, 마취후간호, 총경구영양요법, 고열관리, 수술준비, 투약관리, 교육 : 수술전등 11개였다. 행동학적영역에서핵심간호중재는정서적지지로 1개였다. 안전영역에서감염예방, 낙상예방, 활력징후감시가있었고, 건강체계영역에서는입원간호, 기록, 퇴원계획이있었다. 따라서수행빈도가높은상위 30개중재들중에서는가족영역은포함되지않았다. 상위 30개간호중재를영역별분포로나누어보면, 생리학적기본영역이 37.9% 로다수를차지하였으며, 생리학적복합영역 31.1%, 행동학적영역 5.4%, 안전영역 8.0%, 건강체계영역이 17.6% 를차지하였다. 또한군별분포를나누어보면, 건강체계조정군이 14.5% 로다수를차지하였고, 체온조절군이 2.9% 로가장낮은빈도를차지하였다 (Table 4). 가장낮은수행빈도를나타낸중재는환경관리였으며, 30개중에서 22개의중재는 10개이하의낮은빈도를나타내었다 (Table 3). 이를영역별로나누어보면생리학적기본영역에서는장훈련, 구강간호증진, 회음부간호, 자세, 수면강화, 튜브관리 : 위장관, 튜브간호 : 소변, 소변정체간호, 구토관리, 체중관리가있었다, 생리학적복합영역에서는출혈감소 : 위장관, 심장간호 : 급성, 전해질관리 : 고칼슘혈증, 전해질관리 : 저칼슘혈증, 수분정체, 수분과전해질관리, 고혈당관리, 감염조절 : 수술중, 투약관리 : 피부, 교육 : 투약처방, 체온조절이있었다. 행동학적영역에는활동요법, 불안감소, 교육 : 개인, 교육 : 식이처방등이있었다. 안전영역에는환경관리, 환경관리 : 안전이있으며, 건강체계영역에는환경적관리 : 가정준비, 수술전조정이있었다. 하위 30 개간호중재를영역별분포로나누어보면생리학적복합영역이 55.1% 로다수를차지하였으며, 생리학적기본영역 29.9%, 행동학적영역 11.1%, 안전영역 1.7%, 건강체계영역이 2.2% 를차지하였다. 또한군별분포를살펴보면조직관류관리군이 16.7% 로다수를차지하였으며, 행동치료와위험관리군이 1.7% 로가장낮게나타났다 (Table 5). Table 4. The Classes and Domains of the 30 Most Used Interventions Domains n (%) Classes n (%) Physiological: basic 2,507 (37.9) Physical comfort promotion Activity and exercise management Elimination management Self-care facilitation Nutrition support Immobility management Physiological: complex 2,050 (31.1) Perioperative care Thermoregulation Electrolyte and acid-base management Skin/wound management Drug management Tissue perfusion management 557 (8.4) 440 (6.7) 479 (7.2) 252 (3.8) 585 (8.9) 194 (2.9) 790 (12.0) 192 (2.9) 308 (4.7) 126 (1.9) 525 (7.9) 109 (1.7) Behavior 354 (5.4) Coping assistance 354 (5.4) Safety 530 (8.0) Risk management 530 (8.0) Health system 1,106 (17.6) Health system mediation Information management 954 (14.5) 206 (3.1) Total 6,601 (100.0) 6,601 (100.0) 280 Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
7 간호중재분류 (NIC) 에근거한부인과간호단위의간호중재분석 Table 5. The Classes and Domains of the 30 Least Used Interventions Domains n(%) Classes n (%) Physiological: basic 54 (29.9) Elimination management Self-care facilitation Immobility management Nutrition support Physiological: complex 99 (55.1) Physical comfort promotion Tissue perfusion management Electrolyte and acid-base management Perioperative care Drug management Thermoregulation Behavior 20 (11.1) Behavioral therapy Psychological comfort promotion Patient education 15 (8.3) 22 (12.2) 6 (3.3) 11 (6.1) 19 (10.6) 30 (16.7) 20 (11.1) 5 (2.8) 13 (7.2) 12 (6.7) 3 (1.7) 4 (2.2) 13 (7.2) Safety 3 (1.7) Risk management 3 (1.7) Health system 4 (2.2) Health system mediation 4 (2.2) Total 180 (100.0) 180 (100.0) 논의간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 로다양한분야에서수행하고있는간호중재를확인하는것은간호사의업무를가시화시키고, 간호의본질과효과를규명하여간호의역할과독자성을입증할수있으므로매우중요하다. 본연구는 NIC을기반으로부인과간호단위의간호사가수행하고있는간호중재를분석하였다. 먼저본연구에서추출한총 7,883개의진술문중 NIC 중재에연계되는진술문은 82개로나타났으며, 군병원정형외과간호단위를대상으로한 Kim (2010) 의연구에서는 63개, 암환자간호단위를대상으로한 Lee (2003) 의연구에서는 76개로본연구결과와유사하였으나, 내외과병동간호단위를대상으로한 Park (2006) 의연구에서는 257개로나타나본연구와차이가있었다. 이는간호단위의대상자에따라필요한간호중재를하게되므로대상자의다양성과심각성에따른간호중재의양적인차이를나타낸것으로보인다. 그러나간호사의간호지식과실제적인수행간의차이에의한것인지에대한확인이필요하므로간호사의근무경험에따른간호중재의차이를확인하는반복연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 또한 NIC 중재목록에서선택된중재는생리학적기본영 역, 생리학적복합영역, 행동학적영역, 안전영역, 건강체계총 5개의영역에귀속되었으며, 영역별전체간호중재의수행빈도에서생리학적기본영역이가장높게나타났고, 그다음으로생리학적복합영역, 건강체계, 행동학적영역, 안전영역순으로나타나가족영역과지역사회영역의중재는포함되지않았다. 본연구의부인과간호단위의대상자의대부분이수술을받은환자로수술실핵심간호중재를분석한 Lee와 Park (2002) 의연구를비교한결과본연구와동일한결과를나타내었다. 이는우리나라간호단위의특성상환자의가족과장시간접촉하여간호를제공하거나, 지역사회를대상으로간호를제공하기에는다소의무리가있었기때문으로사료된다. 정형외과환자의간호기록을분석한 Kim (2010) 과 Kwon 과 Park (2002) 의연구에서도생리학적기본영역이가장많이나타났으며, 회복실단위연구인 Kwon (2006) 의연구와 Lee와 Park (2002) 과 Park과 Jung (2005) 의내과계, 외과계병동과중환자실단위연구에서는생리학적복합영역에서가장높게나타나본연구와는차이가있었다. 이는간호단위의특성에따른간호중재의다양성에서의차이로생각할수있으며, 이에따른많은연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 다음으로군별간호중재의전체수행빈도에서건강체계조정군이가장많이수행되는중재군이었고, 수술전간호, Vol. 17, No. 3,
8 홍성정 이성희 김화선 영양지지, 신체안위증진군, 약물관리군의중재가많았다. 신경외과간호단위의중재를연구한 Oh 와 Park (2002) 의연구에서는수술간호군, 피부 / 상처간호군, 호흡관리군순으로나타났고, 근골격계환자들의간호중재를분석한 Kim (2005) 의연구에서는투약, 투약 : 정맥, 진통제투여, 통증관리순으로나타나본연구결과와는차이가있었다. 이는각간호단위특성이반영된결과이며, 특히본연구에서건강체계조정군의중재가많은이유는연구대상자, 즉부인과간호단위의환자가모두여성환자로수술이나항암요법으로입원하여퇴원한환자로입원과퇴원에따른염려와불안이높아이에대한교육과중재가많았기때문으로사료된다. 상위 30개에해당하는핵심간호중재의내용을살펴보면생리학적기본영역항목에대한중재가 37.9% 로가장많았고, 행동학적영역에대한중재가 5.4% 로가장낮았다. 군별중재로는퇴원계획, 통증관리, 교육 : 수술전, 정서적지지, 운동요법 : 보행, 약물투여, 활력징후감시, 변비 / 숙변관리, 수술준비, 자가간호 : 목욕 / 위생순으로수행빈도가높았다. 간호중재분류 (NIC) 체계를이용한논문 (Choi, Kim, & Park, 2003; Choi & Jang, 2005; Oh, Suk, & Yoon, 2001; Payne, 2000; Ro, Han, Yong, Song, & Hong, 2002) 모두에포함된핵심간호는약물투여, 활력징후, 기록, 근무보고였다. 이에본연구에서나타난핵심간호에는약물투여와활력징후감시중재가포함되어있었다. 이는투약과활력징후감시에대한중재는간호사들에게가장중요한중재로여기며또간호업무수행상가장우선순위에두는중재임을알수있다. 또한수술환자의핵심간호수행빈도를조사한 Lee와 Park (2002) 연구에서는수술준비, 감염통제 : 수술실내, 기록, 환경관리 : 안전, 정서지지등의중재가많았으며, 유방암환자를대상으로핵심간호중재빈도를조사한 Chi 와 Chi (2003) 의연구에서는정서적지지, 감시, 활력증상감시, 창상, 수액 / 전해질관리, 운동요법 : 관절운동, 진통제투여등의중재가많아본연구결과와차이가있었다. 이는연구대상자의간호진단에따른다빈도간호중재의차이라고볼수있다. 따라서다빈도간호진단에따른간호중재를간호단위별로비교하는연구가필요하리라사료된다. 수행빈도가낮은중재들을살펴보면생리학적복합영역항목이 55.1% 를차지하였으며, 군별중재로는구토관리, 수면강화, 심장간호 : 급성, 체온조절, 수액보충, 수액 / 전해질관리, 교육 : 투약처방, 장훈련, 튜브관리 : 위장관등 의순이었다. 따라서이상의간호중재에대한수행빈도를재확인하여기록의누락이없는지를확인하고, 구토관리나수면강화등에따른의학적치료이외의비약물적중재에대한임상적용을위한노력이필요할것으로사료된다. 이상으로국제적으로표준화된 NIC을통하여부인과간호단위를대상으로간호사의업무를살펴보았다. 이를통해부인과간호단위의간호사들이행하는간호중재를확인하고, 표준화된용어로산부인과간호단위의업무를확인한점에서연구의의의를찾아볼수있겠다. 즉, 간호분류체계는간호사가환자의건강회복, 유지, 증진에미치는영향을가시화시켜정당한사회적, 경제적보상을가능하게해준다 (Park et al., 2005). 그러나본연구에서대다수의부인과환자가수술과항암요법을위해입원치료한환자로수술환자와항암환자간호단위의간호중재를파악하여이를비교분석하는연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 또한본연구는일개종합병원에근무하는간호사와일개종합병원에서입원하여치료를받은부인과환자에게수행한간호중재명을가지고연구를한점등의제한점을가지고있다. 결론본연구는간호중재분류체계 (NIC) 를이용하여산부인과간호단위에서수행되는간호중재의빈도와순위를알아보기위해 D시에소재하고있는 K병원에서근무하고있는 24 명의간호사가수행한 244명의산부인과환자의자료이다. 자료수집은 2010년 8월부터 10월까지입원한환자의전자의무기록을분석하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 17.0 프로그램을사용하여실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차로분석하였다. 영역별전체간호중재의수행빈도는생리학적기본영역이가장많이나타났고, 그다음이생리학적복합영역, 건강체계, 안전영역, 행동학적영역순으로나타났다. 군별전체간호중재의수행빈도는건강체계조정군, 수술전간호군, 약물관리군, 위험관리군이높은빈도를보였으며, 행동적치료군이가장낮게나타났다. 다빈도간호중재를영역별분포로나누어보면, 생리학적기본영역이다수를차지하였으며, 생리학적복합영역, 행동학적영역, 안전영역, 건강체계영역순으로나타났으며, 군별분포를나누어보면, 건강체계조정군이다수를차지하였고, 체온조절군이가장낮은빈도를차지하였다. 282 Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
9 간호중재분류 (NIC) 에근거한부인과간호단위의간호중재분석 중재빈도가낮은간호중재를영역별분포로나누어보면생리학적복합영역이다수를차지하였으며, 생리학적기본영역, 행동학적영역, 안전영역, 건강체계영역순으로나타났으며, 군별분포를살펴보면조직관류관리군이다수를차지하였으며, 행동치료와위험관리군이가장낮게나타났다. 이상의연구결과를종합해볼때, 부인과간호단위의특성을고려한간호중재개념의정립과부인과간호단위의대상자의질적간호제공을위한자료로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. 본연구를통하여다음과같은제언을하고자한다. 첫째, 본연구에서는부인과간호단위의간호사를대상으로분석하였으므로이를확대하여다양한간호단위의간호중재를분석해보는연구가필요하다고본다. 둘째, 부인과간호단위의간호중재분석결과는부인과영역의표준진료지침개발이나간호업무의전산화에적극적으로활용할필요가있다. REFERENCES Bulechek, G. M., Butcher, H. K., & Dochterman, J. M. (2008). Nursing interventions classification (NIC) (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Year Book. Chi, M. K., & Chi, S. A. (2003). Linkage of nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, and nursing outcome classification of breast cancer patients using nursing database. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 9(4), Chi, S. A., Choi, K. S., Park, K. S., & Jung, Y. K. (1999). A basic study on improvement and computerization of nursing record. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 29(1), Choi, H. S. (2001). Development of nursing interventions classification for hemodialysis patients. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul. Choi, J. Y., & Jang, K. S. (2005). Comparison of cancer nursing interventions recorded in nursing notes with nursing interventions perceived by nurses of an oncology unit: Patients with terminal cancer. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing, 35(3), Choi, J. Y., Kim, H. S., & Park, M. S. (2003). A correlation study of perceived importance of nursing interventions with performance frequency in psychiatric nursing units using the 3th NIC. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing, 33(1), Kim, E. A. (2004). An analysis of the nursing interventions performed neonatal nursing unit. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju. Kim, H. S. (2005). Analysis of nursing interventions performed by orthopedic surgery nursing unit nurses using NIC. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing, 12 (1), Kim, M. J. (2010). Analysis on military hospital nursing records by NANDA, NIC, NOC system. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 16(1), Kwon, E. J. (2006). Analysis of nursing interventions in the PACU using nursing intervention classification: Focus on one university hospital. Unpublished master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul. Kwon, M. S., & Park, K. S. (2002). Analysis of the nursing interventions performed by orthopedic surgery unit using NIC. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 8(4), Lee, M. S. (2003). Analysis of nursing records of cancer patients using importance and performance if nursing interventions linked to nursing diagnosis-focused on 5 NANDA using diagnoses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 33(2), Lee, Y. Y., & Park, K. O. (2002). Analysis of core interventions of operating room using nursing intervention room nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 8(3), Lee, Y. Y. (2000). Analysis of post-anesthetic core nursing interventions using nursing intervention classification. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul. McCloskey, J. C., & Bulechek, G. M. (2000). Nursing interventions classification (NIC) (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Year Book. Moorhead, S., & Delany, C. (1997). Mapping nursing intervention data into the nursing intervention classification (NIC); process and rules. Nursing Diagnosis, 8(4), Oh, H. S. (2006). Analysis of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions for patients in ER with abdominal pain. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul. Oh, M. S., & Park, K. S. (2002). Analysis of the nursing interventions performed by neurosurgery unit using NIC. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 14(2), Oh, W. O., Suk, M. H., & Yoon, Y. M. (2001). A survey of the nursing interventions performed by neonatal nursing unit nurses using the NIC. Journal of Korean Academy Child Health Nursing, 7(2), Park, H. A., Kim, J. E., Seomun, K. A., Lee, S. M., Yom, Y. H., Kim, J. A., et al. (2005). Health informatics. Seoul: Hyunmoonsa. Park, O. Y., & Jung, M. S. (2005). Analysis of the nursing interventions performed in the medical & surgical units and Vol. 17, No. 3,
10 홍성정 이성희 김화선 the health insurance cost items based on the NIC. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 11(4), Park, S. H. (2006). Linkage of nursing diagnosis and nursing interventions for nursing clinical decision support system. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul University, Seoul. Park, Y. R. (2001). A study of the nursing interventions performed by the ICU nurses to the patients with cerebrovascular disorders. Unpublished master's thesis, Chung- Ang University, Seoul. Payne, J. (2000). The nursing interventions classification: A language to define nursing. Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(1), Ro, Y. J., Han, S. S., Yong, J. S., Song, M. S., & Hong, J. U. (2002) A comparison of nursing interventions with terminal cancer patient in a hospice unit and general unit. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 14(4), Simpson, R. L. (2003). What's in a name? The taxonomy and nomenclature puzzle, part 2. Nursing Management, 34 (8), Yong, J. S., Yoo, I. J., & Yoo, J. Y. (2000). Analysis of the nursing interventions performed by home health care nurses in a hospital: An application of NIC. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 12(4), Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing
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