THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 25(11),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 25(11), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) Design of Deployable Lightweight Antenna for Satellite SAR (Invited Paper) 이택경 Taek-Kyung Lee 요약. SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar),., CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics).,. Abstract We present a design of the deployable lightweight antenna to be used in the satellite satisfying the required performance of the onboard sensor. The analysis is performed on the SAR antenna requirements, deploying techniques including material selection, and the characterization of deployable antenna with central disk. The performance of the solid deployable antennas and the mesh antennas are simulated, and the CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) samples are manufactured and tested. It is confirmed that the deployable antennas with central disk can meet the required performance by using deploying panels or mesh. Key words: Spaceborne Antenna, Deployable Antenna, Lightweight Antenna, SAR, CFRP. 서론 TT & C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command),.,. SAR,,,, [1],[2].,., (unfurlable).. (School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering, Korea Aerospace University) Manuscript received October 10, 2014 ; Revised October 31, 2014 ; Accepted November 4, (ID No I) Corresponding Author: Taek-Kyung Lee ( tklee@kau.ac.kr) 1104 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 , TDRS(Tracking and Data Relay Satellite), INMARSAT-4 [2]. (solid), (mesh), (inflatable), [3][6]., 40 GHz.,, 10 m.. 40 GHz.,,.,. 1. SAR., 표 1. [7] Table 1. Characteristics of lightweight antenna [7]. () 40 GHz 40 GHz 10 GHz 10 m 20 m 40 m 10 μm 1 μm 0.1 mm.. 위성 SAR 용안테나설계 SAR PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency),, (ambiguity), NESZ(Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero) SAR.,, SAR. SAR,,,. (H) (V). G ( ), M, R. PRF. 2-1 해상도및선명도.. Stripmap L. Spotlight. sin (1) (2) (3) 1105

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 11, Nov B tx.,. SAR,.. NESZ [8] sin (4). k B Boltzman, T 0 (290 K), N f, V s, P m. 2-2 안테나크기 PRF (main lobe). tan. W, (swath). aliasing (5). 2-3 부엽특성과모호성 ( 보안성, 전파교란 ) SAR PRF. SLL(Sidelobe Level)... (9). 1 [2] cos (8) (10), (11) (6). L. (5) (6) [2] tan (7)., SNR(Signal-to- Noise Ratio), 그림 1. Fig. 1. Definitions of. 1106

4 그림 2. Fig. 2. Antenna pattern and RAR generating angle.. 2. PRF [9]. PRF. RAR (Range Ambiguity Ratio, ) sin sin (12) [2].. 3 PRF RAR. PRF RAR, RAR. RAR PRF. PRF.,. sin ± (13).,. 4. PRF,. 4. AAR(Azimuth Ambiguity Ratio, ), (14), PB. 5 PRF AAR. PRF AAR, 그림 3. PRF RAR [9] Fig. 3. RAR in accordance with look angle and PRF [9]. 그림 4. Fig. 4. Antenna pattern and AAR generating angle. 1107

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 11, Nov ,, [10], [11]. [4]. [12] 솔리드전개형안테나의전개성능변수 그림 5. PRF AAR [9] Fig. 5. AAR in accordance with look angle and PRF [9]. AAR [9]. PRF 8 khz AAR, 10 khz PRF AAR.. (n), (α), (β),,.. 안테나전개장치및재료 3-1 안테나전개장치및매커니즘 /,,. / 그림 6. Fig. 6. Performance variable of solid deployable antenna. 표 2. Table 2. Deployment method and equipment of antenna. 1) 2) 3) 1) 1) 2) 1) 2) 3) 1) 2) (rib) (slide) (gear) & (latch) 1) 2) 그림 7. - Fig. 7. Diameter ratio before and after deployment according to folding-twist angle. 1108

6 ,,,. 7 3 m, 1.1 m, 0.8 m, , 메쉬안테나의전개성능변수, Astromesh. Astromesh, (D) (F), (n). Astromesh 0.1,. 8, 9 Astromesh.,..,,,,,. 3-4 안테나재료 그림 8. Astromesh [13] Fig. 8. Deployment mechanism of astromesh antenna [13]. 그림 9. Astromesh Fig. 9. Shape deployment of astromesh antenna.,,,.,. CFRS (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon), [14]. SMP(Shape Memory Polymer) [15]. EMC(Elastic Memory Composites),,, [16]. CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics),,,., 40 GHz,,,,. CFRP. (fiber), CFRP. 1109

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 11, Nov 표 3. Table 3. Measurement of electrical conductivity according to the stacking angle. [S/m] [ ] 3,733 [ ] 1,291 그림 11. (a), (b) Fig. 11. (a) Shape of solid deployable antenna, (b) Radiation pattern according to gap between panels. (a) 그림 10. (a) M55J/RS-3 CFRP, (b) CFRP Fig. 10. (a) Specimen of M55J/RS-3 CFRP, (b) Fiber structure of the CFRP. 10, 3.,,. (b). 반사판유형별성능분석 X 12 db., 솔리드전개형안테나 m, 0.8 m, 30., 표 4. Table 4. Electrical characteristic according to gap between panels. Gap(mm) (dbi) (db) 3 db (deg) Central dish PO. 4.,, 3 db., 메쉬전개형안테나 d 0.8 m, 0.03 mm,. PO 1110

8 그림 12. (a), (b) Fig. 12. (a) Shape of mesh deployable antenna, (b) Rdiation pattern according to the spacing of the grid. 표 5. Table 5. Electrical characteristic according to the spacing of the grid. Grid size(mm) (dbi) (db) 3 db (deg) Central dish (a),... 5.,, 3 db... 결론 SAR. SAR, PRF. PRF. SAR,.,..,,,,. References [1] W. A. Imbriale, S. Gae, and L. Boccia, Space Antenna Handbook, Wiley, [2] William A. Imbriale, Spaceborne Antennas for Planetary Exploration, Wiley Inter-Science Inc., pp , [3] R. Taylor, D. Turse, P. Keller, and L. Adams, "Large aperture, solid surface deployable reflector", Earth Science Technology Forum, [4] L. T. Tan, S. Pellegrino, "Ultra thin deployable reflector antennas", 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference AIAA , Apr [5] Eastwood Im, Mark Thomson, Houfei Fang, James Pearson, James Moore, and John Lin, "Prospects of large deployable reflector antennas for a new generation of geostationary Doppler weather radar satellites", AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition, AIAA , Sep. 1111

9 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 11, Nov [6] Freeland, Robert et al., "Inflatable antenna technology with preliminary shuttle experiment results and potential applications", 18th Annual Meeting and Symposium, Antenna Measurement Techniques Association, Seattle, Sep. Oct [7],,," ",, [8] C. Elichi, Spaceborne Radar Remote Sensing Applications and Techniques, IEEE Press, [9] Seong Sik Yoon, Jae Wook Lee, Taek Kyung Lee, and Dong Woo Yi, "Parameter selection procedure of parabolic reflector antenna for the optimum synthetic aperture radar performances", Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 13, no. 4, pp , Dec [10] Westphal, Manfred.(1990), United State Patent, Patent Number : 4,899,167, Date of Patent : Feb. 6. [11] S. D. Guest, S. Pellegrino, "A new concept for solid 김혜정 노진호 이수용 경량화 위성 안테나의 기술 개발 동향 한국우주시스템공학회 년 surface deployable antennas", Acta Astronautica, vol. 이택 경 년 2월: 고려대학교 전자공학과 (공 학사) 1985년 2월: 한국과학기술원 전기 및 전 자공학과 (공학석사) 1990년 2월: 한국과학기술원 전기 및 전 자공학과 (공학박사) 1990년 5월 1991년 4월: University of Texas at Austin, Post-Doctoral Fellow 1991년 9월 1992년 2월: 한국과학기술원 정보전자연구소 연구 원 2001년 7월 2002년 7월: Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 방 문교수 2014년: 한국전자파학회 회장 1992년 3월 현재: 한국항공대학교 항공전자 및 정보통신공학 부 교수 [주 관심분야] 마이크로파, 안테나, 전자파 해석, 레이다 , no. 2, pp , Jan [12] Torben K. Heriksen, "Trend in materials requirements in spacecraft structures and mechanisms materials", KTN 2nd Annual General Meeting, Apr [13] L. Tuanjie, "Deployment analysis and control of deployable space antenna", Aerospace Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp , Apr [14] L. Datashvili, M. Lang, H. Bairer, and T. Sixt, "Membranes for large and precision deployable reflectors", Proc. of European Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Material & Mechanical Testing, May [15] Y. J. Liu, H. Y. Du, L. W. Liu, and J. S. Leng, "Shape memory polymers and their composite in aerospace applications: a review", Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 23, no. 2, [16] M. S. Lake, D. Campbell, "The fundamental of designing deployable structures with elastic memory composite", IEEE Aerospace Conference, vol. 4, pp , Mar