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1 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月論文 Design of Electromagnetically Coupled Small Broadband Monopole Antenna with Vertical Ground Plane 김명범 정종호 추호성 * 박익모 Myung-Bum Kim Jong-Ho Jung Hosung Choo* Ikmo Park 요약 본논문에서는수직한접지면에연결된단락된사각디스크와폴디드스트립선로급전을전자기적으로결합한소형광대역디스크- 로디드모노폴안테나를제안하였다. 제안한안테나는단락된사각디스크아래에폴디드스트립선로를위치시킴으로써소형 (0.085λ λ λ 0) 으로구현할수있으며, 단락된사각디스크의공진과사각폴디드스트립선로급전의공진을결합함으로써중심주파수 GHz에서 VSWR 2를기준으로약 37.6 % 의넓은대역폭을이룰수있다. 또한수직한접지면에의한복사패턴의왜곡현상을개선하기위하여접지면에직사각형의슬릿을삽입함으로써후방복사를 3 dbi 이상감소시켰다. 설계한안테나는일반적인모노폴안테나와유사한전방향성의복사패턴을보이며이득은대역폭내에서약 2.6 dbi의값을가진다. Abstract This paper presents a folded stripline-fed small broadband disk-loaded monopole antenna with vertical ground plane. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be enhanced by electromagnetic coupling between the shorted rectangular disk and the probe with folded strip line. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 37.6 % for VSWR 2 with the center frequency at GHz and has the physical dimensions of only 11 mm 11 mm 11 mm which corresponds to the electrical length of 0.085λ λ λ 0. For improving the radiation pattern characteristics, rectangular slits are inserted in the vertical ground plane. Rectangular slits affect the currents distribution on the ground plane, so that the antenna radiation in the direction of the ground plane is reduced more than 3 dbi. Gain of the antenna is approximately 2.6 dbi within the bandwidth. Key words : Electromagnetically Coupled Antenna, Electrically Small Antenna, Monopole Antenna, Radiation Pattern Ⅰ. 서론현재이동통신의기능이급속하게발달하여단말기에서영화나 TV 시청이가능해지고, 카메라, MP3 재생과같은기능이부가됨에따라서, 이동통신단말기는이제통신의도구만이아니라여가시간을 즐기는수단의하나로바뀌고있다. 또한 personal digital assistants(pdas) 등과같이하나의단말기에서이동통신기능과 wireless local area network(wlan) 등의기능을동시에사용할수있는다중대역, 다기능의통신단말기가개발됨에따라, 단말기용안테나역시여러통신대역에서하나의안테나로사용 아주대학교전자공학부 (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University) * 홍익대학교전기전자공학부 (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University) 논문번호 : 수정완료일자 : 2005 년 6 월 7 일 632

2 할수있는소형의크기와넓은대역폭, 그리고고이득의특성을가지는안테나가요구되고있다. 현재단말기에적용하기위한내장형소형안테나는모노폴형태의안테나와 planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) 안테나를중심으로많이연구되고있는데, PIFA 안테나의경우안테나평면에수직한방향으로최대이득을가지게되므로이동통신시스템과같이불특정한방향에서신호가들어오는경우에는안테나의위치에따라서통화감도, 데이터전송속도등의성능의차이가크게나타나게된다 [1]~[3]. 그러므로이동통신단말기에는전방향성의복사패턴을가지는모노폴형태의안테나가적합하다. 그러나모노폴은 0.25λ의공진길이를가지게되므로내장형안테나로응용하기위해서는구조의소형화가가장중요하다. 모노폴안테나의소형화를위하여가장널리사용되고있는방법은안테나를폴디드 (folded) 형태로변형시키는것이다 [4]~[8]. 그러나스트립선로를미앤더등의폴디드형태로함으로써안테나의물리적크기를감소시킬수는있지만, 안테나의대역폭은좁아지게된다. 따라서폴디드모노폴형태의안테나들은급전선에서로다른공진길이를가지는모노폴을연결시켜이중대역안테나로써응용하는것이대부분이다. 모노폴안테나의또다른소형화방법으로는폴디드형태의단락된평면모노폴과급전패치를전자기적결합력을이용하여급전한구조가있다. 이러한구조는높이를중심주파수의 0.1λ로낮출수는있으나대역폭은 10 % 이하로좁게나타난다 [9]. 최근에는 Δ-형태로테이퍼 (taper) 된스트립선로를반복적으로접어서적층시킴으로써안테나의높이를감소시킨구조가제안되었다 [10]. 이구조는안테나의높이가중심주파수를기준으로 0.09λ이며, 13 % 의대역폭을가진다. 하지만지금까지살펴본다양한모노폴안테나들은구조의높이를감소시킬수있어서내장형안테나로써적용할수는있겠지만, 광대역통신에응용하기에는대역폭이좁은단점이있다. 본논문에서는수직한접지면에연결된단락된사각디스크와폴디드스트립선로급전의전자기적결합에의하여확장된대역폭을가지는소형디스크 -로디드모노폴안테나를제안하였다. 수직한접지면을가지는모노폴안테나는접지면에형성되는복 귀전류의영향에의해접지면자체에서복사가강하게발생되어복사패턴이왜곡되게되는데, 수직한접지면에직사각형의슬릿을삽입하여접지면에서의전류분포를변화시켜안테나의복사패턴을향상시키는방법을제시하였다. 제안한안테나는 VSWR 2를기준으로 GHz에서 GHz까지 GHz의중심주파수에서약 37.6 % 의대역폭과, λ λ λ 0 인소형의전기적크기를가지게된다. 또한접지면에직사각형의사각슬릿을삽입함으로써접지면방향으로형성되는후방복사가 3 dbi 이상감소되어대역폭내에서약 2.6 dbi 의우수한전방향성이득특성을이루게된다. Ⅱ. 수직한접지면을가진전자기적결합급전소형광대역모노폴 2-1 안테나구조 그림 1에는제안한안테나의기본구조도를나타내었다. 접지면은 x-z 평면에위치하고있으며길이 A=80 mm, 폭 B=90 mm의직사각형의형태로되어있다. 접지면에사용된기판은비유전율 ε r2 =3.38, 두께 t=0.508 mm인 RO 4003이다. 안테나는접지면의한쪽끝단에연결되어있으며, z축방향으로접지면에수직하게세워져있다. 그림 2에는제안한안테나의정면도와측면도를나타내었다. 사각디스크는길이 L, 폭 W, 높이 h이며, 디스크의중앙지점을지름 φ 1 의단락핀을이용하여접지면과연결하였다. 또한사각디스크아래에는비유전율 ε r1=10.2 이고, 두께 h 1 =1.27 mm인 RT/Duroid 6010 기판을삽입하였다. 사각스트립선로는폴디드형태로써선로의총길이는 l s 를가지고선로폭은 w s 이며, 접지면의끝단으로부터 h f 의떨어진높이에서지름 φ 2 인프로브를사용하여접지면의마이크로스트립급전선로와연결하였다. 이때사각폴디드스트립선로의폭이프로브의지름보다일반적으로좁게되므로각각의끝단을길이 a를가지는정사각형의소형패치를사용하여연결하였다. 그리고사각디스크의단락핀과폴디드스트립선로급전부의수직한프로브사이간격은 d만큼떨어져전자기적으로결합시켰다. 안테나의급전을위한마이크로스트립선로는 50 Ω의특성임피던스를가지도록선로의폭을 633

3 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月 (a) 전체구조 (a) The whole structure (a) 정면도 (a) Top view (b) 입체도 (b) 3-dimensional view 그림 1. 안테나구조 (1) Fig. 1. Antenna structure (1). w f =1.2 mm 로하였다. 2-2 안테나특성 안테나설계및제작을위한 EM 시뮬레이션은 CST사의 MWS(Microwave Studio) 를사용하여유한접지면 (finite-ground) 상에서계산하였다. 전자기적결합급전디스크- 로디드모노폴안테나는기본적으로각각의공진주파수를가지는단락된사각디스크모노폴과폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴안테나가전자기적으로결합된구조이다 [11]. 안테나에서단락된사각디스크모노폴안테나는단락핀의지름 ( φ 1 ) 과디스크의유전율을변화시켜디스크의캐패시턴스를조절함으로써공진주파수를변화시키고, 프로브로급전된폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴은스트립선로의길이 (l s ) 와급전프로브의높이 (h f ) 등 (b) 측면도 (b) Side view 그림 2. 안테나구조 (2) Fig. 2. Antenna structure (2). 을변화시켜인덕턴스를조정함으로써공진주파수를변화시킨다. 단락된사각디스크모노폴과폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴사이의간격은두모노폴사이의전자기적결합세기에영향을준다. 일반적으로단락된사각디스크모노폴은낮은공진주파수를결정하고폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴은높은공진주파수를결정한다. 두모노폴안테나의공진길이를조정하여두공진주파수를가까이위치시키면광대역특성이나타나고멀리떨어뜨리면이중공진특성이나타난다. 그림 3은단락된사각디스크의단락핀의지름 φ 1 의변화에따른반사손실특성을나타내었다. 사각디스크의크기는 L=W=11.0 mm이며접지면으로부터높이 h=11.0 mm에위치한다. 폴디드스트립선로급전부는스트립선로의길이 l s=21.9 mm, 폭 w s= 634

4 그림 3. 디스크의단락핀지름변화에따른반사손실특성 Fig. 3. Variation of return loss with respect to the diameter of shorting pin. 0.3 mm이고폴디드스트립선로와연결된프로브는지름 φ 2 =0.86 mm와높이 h f =8.4 mm이다. 단락된사각디스크모노폴에의해결정되는낮은공진주파수는단락핀의지름이 1.2 mm일때 1.89 GHz를가지게된다. 그러나지름이 1.6 mm와 2.0 mm로증가하게되면공진주파수는 2.02 GHz, 2.11 GHz로높아지게된다. 반면에폴디드스트립선로길이에의해결정되는높은공진주파수는단락핀의지름증가에따라서 2.53 GHz에서 2.47 GHz까지공진주파수가낮아지게되지만, 낮은쪽의주파수변화와비교하면거의변화가없다. 또한, 단락핀의지름이증가하여낮은공진주파수가점차높아지게되면두공진주파수의결합에의하여정합특성은향상되지만, 안테나의대역폭이감소하게된다. 이러한결과는단락핀의지름이증가함에따라서사각디스크의면적이감소하여사각디스크에서발생하는병렬캐패시턴스가작아지게됨으로써단락핀의지름이증가할수록공진주파수는높아지게된다. 그림 4에는폴디드급전선로의길이 l s 의변화에따른안테나반사손실의변화를나타내었다. 변수에따른특성의비교를위하여 l s 를제외한다른설계변수들은그림 3에서의값과동일하게하였다. 폴디드스트립선로의길이 l s 를 19.9 mm에서 23.9 mm 로 2.0 mm씩변화시키면폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴의공진길이를증가시켜공진주파수가낮아지게된다. 반사손실을살펴보면, 폴디드스트립선로길이의증가에따라서높은공진주파수는 2.70 그림 4. 폴디드스트립선로의길이변화에따른반사손실특성 Fig. 4. Variation of return loss with respect to the length of folded stripline. GHz에서 2.39 GHz로내려가는것을알수있다. 하지만단락된사각디스크모노폴에의해결정되는낮은공진주파수는폴디드스트립선로의길이가 19.9 mm, 21.9 mm일때약 2.0 GHz, 그리고 23.9 mm 에서약 1.95 GHz로써폴디드스트립선로의길이변화에관계없이거의일정한주파수를유지하게된다. 그림 5는폴디드스트립선로의높이에따른반사손실의변화이다. 스트립선로의높이변화는프로브의길이를변화시키므로, 폴디드스트립선로길이변화와마찬가지로스트립선로급전모노폴의공진주파수에영향을주게된다. 폴디드스트립선로의높이가증가함에따라서급전프로브길이가증가하게되므로, 높은공진주파수가 GHz에 그림 5. 폴디드스트립선로의높이변화에따른반사손실특성 Fig. 5. Variation of return loss with respect to the height of folded stripline. 635

5 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月 서 GHz로내려가게된다. 반면에낮은쪽의공진주파수는 7.9 mm와 8.4 mm일때는약 2.0 GHz를유지하지만 8.9 mm일때는 1.88 GHz로내려가며정합이잘되지않게된다. 그림 4와그림 5의결과를비교하여보면폴디드스트립선로급전모노폴의공진길이변화는이중공진중에서높은공진주파수에영향을주게되며, 이때프로브의수직길이에따른공진주파수의변화가폴디드스트립선로의수평길이에의한공진주파수의변화보다크게나타나는것을알수있다. 그림 6에는디스크의단락핀과폴디드스트립선 (a) 반사손실 (a) Return loss 로의프로브사이간격 d의변화에따른반사손실과임피던스특성변화를나타내었다. 단락핀과프로브사이의간격은두모노폴사이의전자기적결합력에영향을주게되는데그림 6(a) 의반사손실의변화를살펴보면, 간격이 1.8 mm에서 7.8 mm로증가함에따라서안테나의공진주파수는전체적으로낮아지게된다. 그리고간격 1.8 mm에서안테나는정합이잘이루어지지않지만, 4.8 mm로간격이증가하면서정합특성은향상되어넓은대역폭을이루게된다. 하지만간격이 4.8 mm보다증가하여 7.8 mm가되면안테나의반사손실특성은다시나빠지게된다. 그림 6(b) 의임피던스특성변화에서살펴보면, 간격이 1.8 mm일때두모노폴구조사이의전자기적결합력이크게발생하여 (over coupling) 임피던스궤적은정합영역을벗어나서위치하여있게된다. 간격이 4.8 mm일때두모노폴사이에서의전자기적결합력이적절하게발생하여 (critical coupling) 임피던스궤적은정합영역에위치하게되고, 이때안테나는가장넓은대역폭을이룬다. 그러나간격이 7.8 mm 가되면전자기적결합력은약해지게되어 (under coupling) 임피던스궤적은정합영역을벗어나게된다. 그림 7에는앞에서살펴본설계변수에따른특성변화들을바탕으로최적화된안테나의계산된반사손실과측정된반사손실을나타내었으며, 최적화된안테나의설계변수는표 1과같다. 또한그림 7에는프로브급전사각디스크-로디드모노폴안테나의계산된반사손실을나타내었다 [12]. 프로브급전사각디스크 -로디드모노폴안테나는디스크의중앙에급 (b) 임피던스특성 (b) Impedance characteristic 그림 6. 단락핀과프로브의간격변화에따른안테나특성변화 Fig. 6. Variation of antenna characteristics with respect to the distance between the shorting pin and the probe. 그림 7. 최적화된안테나의반사손실 Fig. 7. Return loss of the optimized antenna. 636

6 표 1. 최적화된안테나의설계변수 Table 1. Design parameter of the optimized antenna. 단락된디스크 사각폴디드스트립선로급전 설계변수 길이 (mm) L 11.0 W 11.0 h 11.0 h φ l s 21.9 w s 0.3 a 1.4 d 4.8 h f 8.4 φ 전프로브가연결된구조로써사각디스크의크기는제안한안테나의디스크크기와동일하고, 디스크의중앙지점과접지면의 50 Ω 선로는지름 1.6 mm의프로브를이용해급전하였다. 사각디스크에사용된기판의유전율과두께, 그리고접지면의크기역시제안한안테나와동일하게하였다. 프로브급전사각디스크-로디드모노폴안테나의경우계산된대역폭은 VSWR 2를기준으로하여 2.13 GHz에서 2.43 GHz까지중심주파수 2.28 GHz에서약 % 를얻었다. 이에비하여제안한안테나의계산된대역폭은 GHz에서 2.74 GHz까지중심주파수 GHz에서약 % 이다. 제작하여측정한안테나의대역폭은 1.90 GHz에서 GHz까지중심주파수 GHz에서약 % 로써, 프로브급전사각디스크-로디드모노폴구조의결과와비교하였을때제안한안테나는약 2.6배확장된대역폭을이루게된다. 그림 8에는대역폭내에서안테나의 E θ 복사패턴을나타내었다. 안테나는 θ=0 방향으로는복사가이루어지지않고특정한 θ방향으로최대복사가이루어지는모노폴형태의복사패턴을가지게된다. 측정한안테나의복사패턴을살펴보면접지면에수평한방향인 x-z 평면에서는전형적인모노폴안테나와유사한복사형태가나타나지만, y-z 평면에서의복사패턴에서는특정한 θ방향으 로널 (null) 이발생하고접지면방향으로의후방복사가증가하여나타난다. 안테나전방으로의이득을살펴보면 2.0 GHz에서는약 θ=45 방향으로약 -6.9 dbi가되고, 2.3 GHz는약 θ=60 에서약 -3.0 dbi의값을가지고, 2.6 GHz에서는약 θ=65 방향으로약 -0.5 dbi의이득값을나타내게된다. 또한 y-z 평면에서발생하는널은 2.0 GHz에서는약 θ=80 방향에서발생하지만주파수가상승하여 2.3 GHz가되면약 θ=92 방향으로널이이동하게된다. 이와같이 y-z 평면에서나타나는복사패턴의왜곡은접지면에서형성되는복귀전류에의한것으로복귀전류의흐름에의해접지면자체에서복사가발생하게되고, 이에따라서안테나의복사패턴이왜곡되어서널이발생하고접지면방향으로의복사가커지는것이다 [12]~[16]. 그림 9는접지면의수직길이에따른복사패턴의영향을살펴보기위하여길이 B에따른 E θ 복사패턴변화를 2.3 GHz를기준으로비교하여나타내었다. 수직길이 B=30 mm는중심주파수 GHz에서자유공간의파장길이를기준으로약 0.234λ 0 이며, B=60 mm, 그리고그림 8(b) 에나타낸 90 mm의길이는각각 0.468λ 0 와 0.703λ 0 의전기적길이를가진다. x-z 평면의복사패턴을살펴보면수직길이 B 가 30 mm일때우수한모노폴형태의복사패턴을나타내지만, B가 60 mm로증가하게되면후방복사가증가하여 θ=127 방향에서약 3.5 dbi의최대이득을가지게된다. y-z 평면에서보면, 수직길이 B가 30 mm일때안테나주빔의방향은 θ=90 가되며이득은약 1.5 dbi이다. 그러나 B=60 mm에서는약 θ=55 에서널이발생하게되고, θ=120 방향에서약 3.8 dbi의이득을나타내어후방복사가크게발생한다. 그리고그림 8(b) 에나타낸 B=90 mm에서의복사패턴을보게되면 θ=90 방향으로널이이동하게되어수직길이의증가에따라서널이발생지점이점차아래로이동하는것을알수있다. 복사패턴의왜곡은 y-z 평면에서더욱크게나타나는데, 이것은접지면에수직한 y축방향으로접지면의복사가강하게발생하기때문이다. 복사패턴의변화로부터확인할수있듯이후방복사를최소화하기위해서는접지면의길이에따른복귀전류의영향을최소 637

7 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月 (a) 2.0 GHz (b) 2.3 GHz (c) 2.6 GHz 그림 8. 계산된안테나의복사패턴 Fig. 8. Computed antenna radiation pattern. 화하여야하는데, 이를위해서는접지면의수직길이가 0.25λ 0 이하로되어야한다 [13]. 하지만안테나 가이동통신단말기등에실장될경우접지면의수직길이는대략 90 mm 정도로써 0.25λ 0 보다길어지 638

8 (a) 30 mm (b) 60 mm 그림 9. 접지면의수직길이에따른안테나의복사패턴 (2.3 GHz) Fig. 9. Variation of radiation patterns with respect to the length of the ground plane(2.3 GHz). 게된다. 비록단말기가다층기판을이용해접지면을분할하여사용하더라도, 각각의분할된접지면은비아홀 (via hole) 등에의해서서로연결되어있으므로안테나는전체기판의수직길이에영향을받게된다. 그러므로안테나에서발생하는복사패턴의왜곡을피하기어렵게된다. Ⅲ. 접지면에슬릿을삽입한소형광대역모노폴 Ⅱ장에서살펴본것과같이접지면의수직길이가증가하게되면접지면에서형성되는복귀전류에의해서접지면자체의복사가강하게발생한다. 이때문에안테나의복사패턴은왜곡되어특정한 θ 방향으로널이발생하고, 접지면방향으로의후방복사 가커지게되는문제점이발생하였다 [13]~[17]. 이와같은복사패턴의왜곡은단말기안테나의이득을저하시키게되고, 결과적으로통화품질을떨어뜨리는원인이된다. 최근발표된연구결과에서는복사패턴의왜곡을감소시키기위하여접지면에수동부하를연결하는방법과접지면에노치 (notch) 를만들어줌으로써복사패턴을향상시키는방법이제시되었다 [18],[19]. 이러한방법은접지면에서의복귀전류의흐름을변화시킴으로써, 접지면에서발생하는복사로인한복사패턴의왜곡을감소시킬수있으므로안테나의이득특성을향상시킬수있게된다. 그러나지금까지발표된수직한접지면을가지는안테나의복사패턴영향에관한연구는일반적인 0.25λ 길이의모노폴을사용한협대역안테나구조에서이루어진것으로, 광대역특성을가지는안테나에대한 639

9 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月 그림 10. 수직접지면에슬릿이있는소형광대역디스크 - 로디드모노폴안테나의구조 Fig. 10. The small broadband disk-loaded monopole antenna structure with slits on the vertical ground plane. 그림 11. 안테나의반사손실비교 Fig. 11. Comparison of the return loss of the antenna. 연구는미흡한실정이다. 따라서 Ⅲ장에서는광대역특성을가지는소형디스크- 로디드모노폴안테나에서접지면에대칭적인형태의슬릿을삽입하여후방복사를감소시켜이득특성이향상된안테나구조를제시하였다. 안테나의복사패턴왜곡현상을해결하기위하여접지면에직사각형의슬릿을삽입한안테나구조를그림 10에나타내었다. 안테나의설계변수는 Ⅱ 장의안테나와동일하다. 접지면에삽입된직사각형의슬릿은길이 l gs =26.5 mm, 폭 w gs =2.5 mm이고 L g =30 mm인지점에위치하였으며, 안테나가있는 z 축을중심으로접지면의양쪽에대칭으로배열하였다. 사각형의슬릿을삽입함으로써접지면에서의복 귀전류분포는슬릿위의접지면에집중되어분포하게되고, 사각슬릿의아랫부분에서의복귀전류는감소하게된다. 그러므로접지면에의한복사의영향이줄어들게되어후방복사가감소하게되고널에의한왜곡현상도제거시킬수있다. 그러므로안테나는그림 8에나타낸접지면의수직길이가 B=30 mm일경우와유사한전류분포를접지면에형성시키게되며복사패턴특성을향상시키게된다. 그림 11에는슬릿이삽입된접지면을가지는안테나의반사손실을나타내었다. 계산된대역폭은 GHz에서 2.68 GHz로써중심주파수 GHz를기준으로약 34.3 % 를가지게된다. 그리고측정결과에서는 GHz에서 GHz로써중심주파수 GHz를기준으로약 37.6 % 의대역폭을이루었다. 슬릿이없는일반접지면을가지는안테나의측정결과와비교하면, 슬릿을삽입하였을때공진대역폭의중심주파수는약 22 MHz가상승하였고, 대역폭은약 3.47 % 가증가한다. 그러므로접지면에슬릿을삽입하여도안테나의반사손실특성에는크게영향을미치지않고유사하게나타나는것을알수있다. 그림 12에는접지면에슬릿이삽입된안테나의 E θ 복사패턴을나타내었다. x-z 평면에서각각의주파수에따른최대복사방향으로의측정이득을살펴보면, 2.0 GHz에서는 θ=45 방향으로 3.69 dbi의값을가지며, 2.3 GHz는 θ=45 에서 2.54 dbi, 2.6 GHz는 θ=50 에서 3.86 dbi의값을가진다. 그리고 y-z 평면에서는 2.0 GHz에서 1.4 dbi( θ=60 ), 2.3 GHz에서 3.0 dbi( θ=80 ) 와 2.6 GHz에서 1.9 dbi( θ=70 ) 의이득을가지게된다. 또한복사패턴결과로부터 y-z 평면의 θ=75 부터 θ=90 사이에서발생하였던널이사라지게되고, 접지면방향으로의후방복사가감소하는것을알수있다. 슬릿이삽입된접지면을가지는안테나의복사패턴은일반적인접지면을가지는안테나의복사패턴과비교하였을때안테나후방으로의복사가 3 dbi 이상감소하게되고, 안테나의전방으로이득을증가시켜안테나특성을향상시킨다. Ⅳ. 결론본논문에서는수직한접지면을가지는광대역 640

10 (a) 2.0 GHz (b) 2.3 GHz (c) 2.6 GHz 그림 12. 수직접지면에슬릿을형성한안테나의측정된복사패턴 Fig. 12. Measured radiation patterns of antenna with slits on the vertical ground plane. 특성의소형디스크-로디드모노폴안테나를설계하였다. 제안한안테나의단락된사각디스크와사각폴디드스트립선로급전은전자기적으로결합되어있으며각각의독립된공진주파수를가지게된다. 그러므로안테나는단락된디스크와사각폴디드스트립선로급전의설계변수를변화시켜각각의공진주파수에서발생하는두구조의공진을결합시킴으로써넓은대역폭을이룰수있었다. 또한수직한접 641

11 韓國電磁波學會論文誌第 16 卷第 6 號 2005 年 6 月 지면은복귀전류의영향에의해접지면자체의복사가발생하게되는데, 이는안테나의복사패턴을왜곡시키게된다. 따라서복사패턴의왜곡을줄이기위하여접지면에직사각형의슬릿을삽입하였다. 슬릿은접지면끝단으로부터중심주파수를기준으로약 0.25λ 0 떨어진지점에위치하였으며, 복귀전류분포에변화를주게되어안테나의후방복사를감소시키게된다. 그러므로안테나전방으로의이득특성을향상시킬수있게된다. 슬릿이없는수직한접지면을가지는안테나는 VSWR 2를기준으로 1.90 GHz에서 GHz까지중심주파수 GHz에서약 % 대역폭을이루고, 접지면에슬릿이삽입된구조는 GHz에서 GHz까지중심주파수 GHz에서약 37.6 % 의대역폭을가진다. 이러한결과는동일한물리적크기를가지는일반적인디스크-로디드모노폴안테나구조와비교하였을때약 2.6배이상넓은대역폭을가지는것이다. 안테나는전방향성을가지는모노폴형태의복사패턴을가지게되는데접지면에삽입한슬릿에의해후방복사를 3 dbi 이상감소시킬수있었으며, 최대복사방향으로의안테나의이득은대역폭내에서약 2.6 dbi의값을가지게된다. 따라서본논문에서연구한수직접지면구조의모노폴안테나는소형의크기, 광대역특성, 그리고전방향성복사패턴을가짐으로써 PDA와휴대단말기등과같은통신기기에사용가능한내장형안테나로적합한구조를갖는다. 또한수평접지면구조의모노폴안테나가통신기기의구조적인제약을받는경우이를효과적으로보완할수있는장점을가짐으로써보다다양한통신기기에이용될수있을것으로본다. 참고문헌 [1] Y. B. Kwon, J. I. Moon, and S. O. Park, "An internal triple-band planar inverted-f antenna", IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 2, pp , [2] M. F. Abedin, M. Ali, "Modifying the ground plane and its effect on planar inverted-f antenna(pifas) for mobile phone handsets", IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 2, pp , [3] J. Fuhl, P. Nowak, and E. Bonek, "Improved internal antenna for hand-held terminals", Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 22, pp , Oct [4] F. S. Chang, S. H. Yeh, and K. L. Wong, "Planar monopole in wrapped structure for low-profile GSM/DCS mobile phone antenna", Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 11, pp , May [5] P. L. Teng, K. L. Wong, "Planar monopole folded into a compact structure for very-low-profile multiband mobile phone antenna", Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 33, no. 1, pp , Apr [6] C. Y. Chiu, P. L. Teng, and K. L. Wong, "Shorted, folded planar monopole antenna for dual-band mobile phone", Electron. Lett., vol. 39, no. 18, pp , Sep [7] B. Sun, Q. Liu, and H. Xie, "Compact monopole antenna for GSM/DCS operation of mobile handsets", Electron. Lett., vol. 39, no. 22, pp , Oct [8] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, New York: Wiley, pp , [9] S. H. Yeh, Y. Y. Chen, and K. L. Wong, "A low-profile, bent and shorted planar monopole antenna with reduced backward radiation for mobile phones", Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 33, no. 2, pp , Apr [10] I. F. Chen, C. M. Chiang, "Multi-folded tapered monopole antenna for wideband mobile handset applications", Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 10, pp , May [11] J. H. Jung, I. Park, "Electromagnetically coupled small broadband monopole antenna", IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 2, pp , [12] T. L. Simpson, "The disk loaded monopole antenna", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-2, no. 2, pp , [13] R. Yamaguchi, K. Sawaya, Y. Fujino, and S. Adachi, "Effect of dimension of conducting box 642

12 on radiation pattern of a monopole antenna for portable telephone", Trans. IEICE, vol. E-76-B, no. 12, pp , Dec [14] A. W. C. Chu, S. A. Long, and D. R. Wilton, "The radiation pattern of a monopole antenna attached to a conducting", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-38, no. 12, pp , Dec [15] R. Luebbers, L. Chen, T. Uno, and S. Adachi, "FDTD calculation of radiation patterns, impedance, and gain for a monopole antenna on a conducting box", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-40, no. 12, pp , Dec [16] M. Hussein, A. Sebak, "Application of the finitedifference time-domain method to the analysis of mobile antennas", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. VT-45, no. 3, pp , Aug [17] L. Yuying, D. Tao, and X. Xiaowen, "Study of the characteristic of a portable hand-held phone antenna by MoM", in Proc. ICMMT, pp , [18] M. Hirose, M. Miyake, "Pattern control of a 1/4 λ monopole antenna on a handset by passive loading", in Proc. ICUPC, pp , [19] S. Sekine, T. Maeda, "The radiation characteristic of a 1/4 λ-monopole antenna mounted on a conducting body with a notch", in IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., Chicago, Illinois, vol. 1, pp , Jul 김명범 2002 년 2 월 : 청주대학교전자공학부 ( 공학사 ) 2003 년 2 월 ~ 현재 : 아주대학교전자공학부석사과정 [ 주관심분야 ] 안테나설계및해석, 초고주파회로설계 추호성 1998년 2월 : 한양대학교전파공학과 ( 공학사 ) 2000년 8월 : 미국 Univ. of Texas at Austin 전자전기공학부 ( 공학석사 ) 2003년 5월 : 미국 Univ. of Texas at Austin 전자전기공학부 ( 공학박사 ) 2003년 6월 2003년 8월 : 미국 Univ. of Texas at Austin 전자전기공학부 (Post Doctor) 2003년 8월 현재 : 홍익대학교전자전기공학부전임강사 [ 주관심분야 ] 초소형안테나, 최적화알고리즘을이용한안테나설계, RFID용태그및리더안테나 정종호 2001 년 8 월 : 아주대학교전자공학부 ( 공학사 ) 2003 년 8 월 : 아주대학교전자공학부 ( 공학석사 ) 2003 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 아주대학교전자공학부박사과정 [ 주관심분야 ] 안테나설계및해석, 초고주파회로설계 박익모 1984 년 : 뉴욕주립대학교전기전자공학과 ( 공학사 ) 1989 년 : 일리노이대학교전기전자및컴퓨터공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 1994 년 : 일리노이대학교전기전자및컴퓨터공학과 ( 공학박사 ) 1994 년 ~1996 년 : LG 전자기술원 1996 년 ~ 현재 : 아주대학교전자공학부교수 [ 주관심분야 ] 초고주파수동소자 ( 안테나포함 ) 설계및해석 643

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