pissn: eissn: Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 1(1):55-59, March ORIGINAL ARTICLE 알레르기질환에
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1 pissn: eissn: (1):55-59, March ORIGINAL ARTICLE 알레르기질환에대한경기도 45 개보건소의교육요구도에관한조사 조은정 1,2,3,4, 김미영 1,2,4, 전윤빈 4, 권지원 4,5, 나정임 4,6, 김세훈 1,2,3,4, 이재서 4,7, 조상헌 1,2, 민경업 1,2, 장윤석 1,2,3,4 1 서울대학교의과대학내과학교실, 2 서울대학교의학연구원알레르기및임상면역연구소, 3 분당서울대학교병원알레르기내과, 4 경기도아토피 천식교육정보센터, 분당서울대학교병원 5 소아청소년과 6 피부과 7 이비인후과 Educational demand on allergic diseases from 45 public health centers in Gyeonggi-do Eun-Jung Jo 1,2,3,4, Mi-Yeong Kim 1,2,4, Yunbin Jeon 4, Ji-Won Kwon 4,5, Jung-Im Na 4,6, Sae-Hoon Kim 1,2,3,4, Chae-Seo Rhee 4,7, Sang-Heon Cho 1,2, Kyung-Up Min 1,2, Yoon-Seok Chang 1,2,3,4 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; 2 Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; 4 Gyeongi-do Atopy Asthma Education Information Center, Seongnam; Departments of 5 Pediatrics, 6 Dermatology, and 7 Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Purpose: As allergic diseases become common and their socio-economic burden increases, the government needs to develop measures to prevent and manage allergic diseases. Gyeonggi-do Atopy Asthma Education Information Center, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korean Center for Disease Control and Gyeonggi-do, was established in October 211 to carry out the community-based programs for the patients with allergic diseases in Gyeonggi-do. We investigated the demand on learning, preferred topics and the way of learning about allergic diseases from the public health centers in Gyeonggi-do. Methods: From March to May 212, 54 administrators from 45 public health centers in Gyeonggi-do answered about their educational demand and preferred way of learning and having information. Results: A total of 52 administrators (96%) from the public health centers answered that they wanted to participate in the education programs on allergic diseases from Gyeonggi-do Atopy Asthma Education Information Center. Forty eight percent of them had learned about allergic diseases at least once previously by lectures, followed by information brochures and by on-line searching. They wanted to learn about an overview of atopic eczema and how to care it, followed by overviews of asthma and allergic rhinitis. They preferred small group seminars with about 1 participants for learning and wanted to have video clips of lectures, followed by booklets for educational materials. Conclusion: This research on the educational demand from the public health centers will be useful in planning the future community-based allergy programs and enhancing communication with the administrators in Gyeonggi-do. ( 1(1):55-59, 213) Keywords: Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Education; Rhinitis 서론 알레르기질환의증가는우리나라를비롯하여전세계적인현상 이다. 1,2) 우리나라에서알레르기질환중천식은 %, 알레르기 비염및아토피피부염은 2 3% 의유병률을보인다. 2-4) 알레르기질환발생의증가는소아기알레르기질환발병의증가뿐만아니라, 인구노령화에따른노인천식의증가도기여하는것으로생각된다. 5,6) 212년 5월우리나라보건복지부의통계에따르면중증천식 Correspondence to: Yoon-Seok Chang Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam , Korea Tel: , Fax: , addchang@snu.ac.kr Received: July 26, 212 Revised: August 9, 212 Accepted: September 11, The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
2 Jo EJ, et al. Educational demand on allergic diseases 의경우 5-1% 의환자수를차지하며, 이들은잦은병원방문과입 원으로연간천식의료비용지출이 1 인당 655 만원에달하는것으 로보고되고있다. 따라서알레르기질환의증가및부적절한관리 7, 8) 가사회경제적인부담의증가를야기할수있다. 알레르기질환은만성질환이기에질환에대한이해및관리에대 한교육이중요하다. 하지만실제진료환경에서는이에대한교육 이매우어려운실정이다. 적절한치료와관리로건강한삶을영위 할수있으나, 많은경우검증되지않은민간요법등을사용하여오 히려알레르기증상이악화되거나재발이잦아지게되고, 이로인 해경제적부담까지증가하는영향을미치고있다. 이전의보고에 따르면 91% 의알레르기환자가민간요법등을사용한적이있는 것으로나타났고, 9) 아토피피부염의경우 84% 에서대체의학의경 험이있으며, 이는질병의중증도가심할수록대체의학의이용률 이증가하고, 1) 치료로지출한금액또한증가하는경향을보였다. 9) 따라서환자의건강과사회경제적측면에서도증가하는알레르기 질환의관리를위한국가차원의대책마련이시급하다할수있으 며국민을대상으로올바른알레르기질환에대한교육및홍보가 필요하다하겠다. 질병관리본부에서는알레르기질환의중요성이증대함에따라 지역사회중심의아토피 천식예방관리를위해 27 년부터전국 에 6 곳의보건소를시범보건소로지정하여아토피 천식예방관 리사업을운영하고있다. 현재경기도에는모두 45 개의보건소가있으며이중 16 개보건 소에서는시범보건소로서지역사회중심의아토피 천식예방관리 를위해알레르기질환예방관리시범사업을시행중이다. 하지만 지역사회중심의아토피 천식예방관리사업의실질적인축을담 당하는예방관리사업담당자가알레르기질환에대하여어떤교 육을받고있으며, 어떤교육을원하는지에대하여는조사된바가 없다. 따라서저자들은경기도 45 개보건소의보건행정담당자들 이받은알레르기질환에대한교육내용과원하는알레르기질환의 교육에대한내용을조사함으로써앞으로의지역사회중심의아토 피 천식예방관리사업의교육정보제공방침에도움을얻고자하 였다. 대상및방법 제공하고건강강좌, 교육및상담을바탕으로알레르기질환에대한인식을높여이를통해알레르기질환으로인해고통받는환자와가족에게실질적인도움을주며알레르기질환으로인한사회경제적부담을줄이는것이목표이다. 212년 7월 15일현재까지 76번의건강강좌를개최또는참가하였으며, 보건교사를중심으로아토피천식안심학교를위한아토피천식아카데미를개최하고, 경기도동남부및서부권역 119 구급대원 231명에게급성천식발작응급대처와아나필락시스대처를위한강의와실습을진행하였으며구급차에흡입보조기구인스페이서등을무상으로보급하였고, 212년 1월부터는트위터, 페이스북, 미투데이등소셜네트워크서비스를시작하여 212년 7월 15일현재블로그구독자 1,93명, 트위터팔로워가 11,65 명에달한다. 2. 연구대상경기도에는모두 45개의보건소가있으며 212년 3월부터 5월까지경기도지역전체 45개보건소의보건행정담당자 54명을대상으로설문조사를시행하였다. 45개보건소중 16개보건소에서는아토피 천식예방관리시범사업을시행중으로시범사업담당자 24명이설문에참가하였고 (group 1), 아토피 천식예방관리사업을아직하지않은 29개보건소에서는보건행정담당자 3명이설문조사를시행하였다 (group 2). 3. 연구방법설문항목은크게 2가지내용으로구성되었다. 첫번째내용은평소에알레르기질환에관련된교육을받아본경험이있는지에대한질문으로, 이전에교육을받아본적있다면어떤경로로받았는지, 교육받았던내용은어떤것인지에대한설문을하였다. 두번째내용은경기도아토피 천식교육정보센터에서실시하는아토피 천식교육에참여할의향이있는지에대한설문으로교육을받고자한다면어떠한형태로받기를원하는지, 교육자료의형태로는어떠한형태를원하는지, 교육받고자하는내용은무엇인지에대한설문을작성하였다. 교육내용에대한질문은아토피피부염, 천식, 알레르기비염의정의, 증상, 원인, 진단등의전반적인이해에관한내용과, 목욕요법과식이요법, 생활환경관리등의질병의관리에대한내용과, 각질병의약물치료에대한내용으로구성하였다. 1. 조사기관조사기관인경기도아토피 천식교육정보센터는 28년설립된서울시아토피 천식교육정보센터에이어전국도단위로는최초로보건복지부와, 질병관리본부, 경기도의지원을받아 211 년 1월분당서울대학교병원내에설립된교육정보센터이다. 아토피피부염, 천식, 알레르기비염, 식품알레르기, 아나필락시스, 약물알레르기등알레르기질환에대한과학적이고신뢰성있는정보를 4. 자료의분석통계분석은 IBM SPSS ver. 18. (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 을사용하였다. 알레르기질환의교육받은경험에대한설문의분석에서는 Pearson s chi-square test를시행하였고, 원하는교육에대한설문은점수화하여분석하였다. P 값이.5 미만의경우통계학적으로의미있는것으로판단하였다. 56
3 조은정외 알레르기질환에대한교육요구도 결과 1. 알레르기질환에대한교육경험 설문에참여한 54 명중 26 명 (48.1%) 이이전에알레르기질환에대 한교육을받은경험이있었다 (Table 1). 교육받은적있다고대답한 대상자는 26 명으로 group 1 이 16 명 (67%) 으로 1 명 (33%) 인 group 2 에비해더많았다. 교육받은방법은대규모강의가가장많았고다음으로인터넷 을통한교육순이었다. 교육의내용은 group 1 에서는아토피피부 염의정의, 증상, 원인, 진단등의전반적인이해에관한내용 (87.5%) 과아토피피부염의관리에관한내용 (87.5%) 이가장많았고다음 으로아토피피부염의치료에대한내용 (81.3%) 이었다. 천식과알레 르기비염에대한내용은 75% 에서교육받은경험이있었다. Group 2 에서는아토피피부염의전반적인이해에관한내용이가장많았 고 (9%), 다음으로천식과알레르기비염에관한교육내용이차지 하였다 (8%). 아토피피부염, 천식및알레르기비염의관리나치료 와관련한내용은일부에서만교육받았다고답하였다. 2. 알레르기질환교육요구도에대한설문 전체 54 명중 52 명 (96%) 이경기도아토피 천식교육정보센터에 서실시하는아토피 천식교육에참여할의향이있다고답하였다 (group 1 vs. group 2, 1% vs. 93.3%, P =.497). 교육을받고자한 다면어떠한형태로받기를원하는지에대하여는두군모두에서 1 명내외로이루어지는소규모세미나 (78.4% vs. 65.4%, P =.229) 를선호하였고다음으로대규모공개강좌를원하였다 (54.2% vs. 57.4%, P =.763) (Fig. 1). 아토피 천식교육정보센터에서교육자료를제공할때원하는 Table 1. Previous learning about allergic diseases Experience of education about allergic diseases, n (%) Total (n= 54) Group 1 (n= 24) Group 2 (n= 3) P - value 26 (48.1) 16 (67.) 1 (33.).15 Ways that they had previously learned about allergic diseases (%) Lectures NS Information brochures NS On-line searching NS Counseling NS Contents that they had previously learned about (%) Overview of atopic eczema NS How to care atopic eczema NS How to treat atopic eczema Overview of asthma and allergic rhinitis NS How to care asthma and allergic rhinitis How to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis NS 교육자료의형태에대하여는강의동영상자료를가장선호하였고 (76% vs. 8%), 다음으로홈페이지를통한교육컨텐츠, 책자, 스마 트폰등모바일을이용한어플리케이션순이었다 (Fig. 2). 교육받고자하는내용으로는아토피피부염의전반적인이해 (group 1 vs. group 2, 82% vs. 79.5%) 와관리 (74.3% vs. 62.2%), 천식 과알레르기비염의전반적이해에관한내용 (5.7% vs. 47.2%) 을원 하는것으로나타났다 (Fig. 3). 이전에알레르기질환교육을받은적있는설문대상자에서의 교육요구도또한전체대상자와비슷한결과를보였다. 원하는교 육방식으로는소규모세미나를선호하였고 (68.4%) 제공되는교육 자료로는강의동영상자료를가장선호하였다 (79.8%). 다음으로 홈페이지를통한교육컨텐츠를답하였고 (56.8%), 원하는교육내 Overview of atopic eczema How to care atopic eczema How to treat atopic eczema Overview of asthma and allergic rhinitis How to care asthma and allergic rhinitis How to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis NS, not significant. Fig. 3. Topics that they want to learn about allergic diseases (%). (%) Fig. 1. Preferred way of learning. (%) Small group seminar Video clips of lectures Fig. 2. Preferred materials of education. Others Lectures 1:1 teaching Self-learning Tele-lecturing by information brochures Booklets On-line contents Smart-phone application
4 Jo EJ, et al. Educational demand on allergic diseases 용은아토피피부염의전반적인이해 (73.7%) 및관리 (64.2%) 로나타났다. 고찰이연구에서는현재알레르기질환에대한예방관리사업을시행하고있는보건행정담당자와예방관리사업을아직시행않은보건소의보건행정담당자들의알레르기질환에대한교육요구도를조사하고자하였다. 설문전주로받았던교육은주로대규모강의로이루어졌으며, 아토피피부염의전반적인이해에관한내용이가장많았다. 설문에참여한보건행정담당자 54명중에서 96% 가아토피 천식교육정보센터에서시행하는교육에참여하겠다고대답하였으며그들이원한교육의형태는이전에교육받았던경험의유무와무관하게소규모강의를원하는것으로나타났다. 그리고아토피피부염의전반적인이해및관리에대한교육을받기를원하였고제공받는교육자료는강의동영상을가장선호하였다. 설문전제공받은교육방식과설문대상자들이원하는교육방식에대하여조사함으로써저자들은이전의교육방식과교육수요자가원하는교육방식에차이가있음을알수있었다. 설문대상자들이이전에알레르기질환에대한교육을받은방식은주로대규모강의였지만그들이원하는교육방식은 1명내외의소규모세미나방식을선호하는것으로나타나앞으로교육을시행함에있어교육방식의변화가필요할것으로생각된다. 설문에참여한보건행정담당자중 48.1% 에서설문전알레르기질환에대한교육을받은경험이있는것으로나타났으며현재아토피 천식예방관리사업을시행중인 group 1에서는 67% 의담당자만이교육경험이있는것으로나타났다. 이는보건소특성상사업담당자가자주바뀔수있어교육경험이없는담당자가사업을담당하고관리하게될수있다는문제로생각된다. 따라서보건행정담당자에대한더많은교육의기회가필요할것으로생각되며이에경기도아토피 천식교육정보센터는 212년부터분기별로사업담당자를위한교육과정을개설하여진행하고있다. 대상자들이주로받았던교육의내용은두군에서차이가있었다. 현재알레르기질환의예방관리사업을시행중인보건행정담당자들은아토피피부염에관한교육을주로받았고천식및알레르기비염의전반적인이해에대한교육도 76.9% 의높은비율을보였다. 하지만알레르기질환예방관리사업을시행않은군에서는교육을받은설문대상자도 33% 에불과하며받은교육의내용이아토피피부염과천식, 알레르기비염의전반적인이해에관한교육으로치료및관리에대한교육은부족했던것으로나타났다. 또한양군에서원하는교육의내용도주로아토피피부염의전반적인이해와관리에대한내용이많았다. 따라서교육의내용에있어알레르기질환의이해뿐만아니라관리및치료의중요성에대하여강조 할필요가있겠다. 교육내용의선호도에있어천식및알레르기비염의경우관리와치료에관한교육을원하는것은 5% 에미치지못하였다. 하지만우리나라통계청자료 (Korean Statistical Information Service) 에따르면천식으로인한사망률이 21 년 1,716 명으로인구십만명당 3.4명에달하는것으로나타나며, 청소년건강행태온라인조사통계에따르면천식으로인한학교결석률이 29년 2.9%, 21 년 24.4%, 211 년 24.9%, 알레르기비염으로인한학교결석률이 29 년 8.8%, 21 년 1.4%, 211 년 9.3% 로여전히높은비율로나타남을알수있다. 11) 이러한결과는천식과알레르기비염이여전히적절하게조절이잘되고있지않음을시사하며조절되지않는천식과알레르기비염은학습능력을떨어뜨릴뿐만아니라, 12,13) 조절되지않는천식은생명을위협할수있는위급한상황이가능하여적절한대처방법에대한중요성을인지할필요가있다. 한연구에서는천식아동과부모들을대상으로반복적인천식교육을시행후천식발작으로인한응급실방문횟수및입원횟수, 외래방문횟수, 스테로이드사용량이의미있게감소함을확인한바있다. 14) 따라서천식및알레르기비염의관리및치료에대한교육의필요성을각인시킬필요가있겠다. 설문대상자들은원하는교육의내용으로다른알레르기질환에대하여기술하지않았다. 아토피피부염과천식, 알레르기비염외에많은알레르기질환이있음에도이들에대한인지도가아직낮은것으로생각된다. 알레르기질환중식품알레르기는자가보고된유병률이 3 35% 까지보고된바있으며, 15) 성인에서 3 4%, 소아에서는 % 로비교적높은빈도로보고되고있다. 16,17) 아나필락시스와같은중증의식품알레르기반응은주로십대나젊은성인에서빈도가증가하는것으로보인다. 18) 그리고음식으로인한아나필락시스를경험한환자들의대부분이이전에같은음식에두드러기와같은알레르기반응이있었던것으로나타나환자들의식품알레르기에대한인식이부족한것으로생각된다. 18) 알레르기질환중아나필락시스는.14 2% 의다른알레르기질환에비해비교적낮은유병률을보이지만 19,2) 생명과연관된중증질환이다. 하지만위중한응급질환임에도아나필락시스의중요성에대한인지도가매우부족한실정이다. 아나필락시스원인은음식뿐만아니라, 조영제나항생제등의약물, 곤충독, 운동, 특발성등다양한원인이있으며, 2,21) 즉각적인대처가되지않으면생명이위험하기까지한중증질환이다. 22) 따라서아나필락시스가어떤것인지를알고원인의회피및 Epipen 등휴대용에피네프린의적절한사용법이잘교육된다면예후에중요한영향을미칠수있다. 21) 이외에도약물사용량이증가하면서약물알레르기의보고또한증가하고있다. 한연구에서는약물알레르기가일반인구에서 7.8% 의높은유병률을보여약물알레르기의중요성또한인지할필요가있겠다. 23) 이번연구결과에서도알수있듯이알레르기질환의예방관리사업분야에서아 58
5 조은정외 알레르기질환에대한교육요구도 토피피부염, 천식, 알레르기비염뿐만아니라식품알레르기, 아나필 락시스, 약물알레르기와같은알레르기질환의중요성에대한인식 을높일필요성이있음을알수있다. 이연구에서는경기도전체 45 개보건소보건행정담당자들이 받은알레르기질환에대한교육내용과원하는알레르기질환의교 육내용이무엇인지를알아보았다. 이를통해앞으로지역사회중 심의아토피 천식예방관리사업의알레르기교육프로그램을설 립하는데있어교육의방식및중점을둘교육내용을고려함에도 움이될수있을것이다. 또한현재진행중인아토피피부염, 천식, 알레르기비염에대한교육및정보제공이외에도식품알레르기와 아나필락시스등의알레르기질환에대한인지도를높이기위한교 육프로그램설립이중요하다하겠다. 감사의글 본연구는경기도와보건복지부, 질병관리본부의지원을받아 이루어진것임 ( , A1265). REFERENCES 1. Kim YY. Past, present, and future of allergy in Korea. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 21;2: Park HS, Choi GS, Cho JS, Kim YY. Epidemiology and current status of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and associated allergic diseases in Korea: ARIA Asia-Pacific workshop report. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 29;27: Kim YH, Urm SH, Kim WK. Prevalence of allergic diseases and risk factors in preschool children, 29. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 211;21: Clinical Rresearch Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease. The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Korean asthma management guideline for adults. Seoul: Clinical Rresearch Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Jee HM, Kim KW, Kim CS, Sohn MH, Shin DC, Kim KE. Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in korean children using the International Study of Asthma And Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 29;19: Kim YK, Kim SH, Tak YJ, Jee YK, Lee BJ, Kim SH, et al. High prevalence of current asthma and active smoking effect among the elderly. Clin Exp Allergy 22;32: Kim CY, Park HW, Ko SK, Chang SI, Moon HB, Kim YY, et al. The financial burden of asthma: a nationwide comprehensive survey conducted in the republic of Korea. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 211;3: Cho SH, Kim YK, Chang YS, Kim SS, Min KU, Kim YY. Asthma insights and reality in Korea. Korean J Med 26;7: Lee SW, Lee KE, Park EH, Cho HS, Cha JK, Lee HR. A survey on the use of alternative medicine in allergy patients. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 21;11: Chin HW, Jang HS, Jang BS, Jo JH, Kim MB, Oh CK, et al. A study on utilization of alternative medicine for patients with atopic dermatitis. Korean J Dermatol 25;43: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistics of 7th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey (KYRBWS) in 211. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Moonie S, Sterling DA, Figgs LW, Castro M. The relationship between school absence, academic performance, and asthma status. J Sch Health 28;78: Mir E, Panjabi C, Shah A. Impact of allergic rhinitis in school going children. Asia Pac Allergy 212;2: Lim JY, Chung SM, Choung JT. The role of patient and parents education in the management of pediatric asthma. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2; 1: Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 27;12: Han Y, Kim J, Ahn K. Food allergy. Korean J Pediatr 212;55: Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 21; 125(2 Suppl 2):S Bock SA, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol 21;17: Lieberman P, Camargo CA Jr, Bohlke K, Jick H, Miller RL, Sheikh A, et al. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis: findings of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis Working Group. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 26;97: Yang MS, Lee SH, Kim TW, Kwon JW, Lee SM, Kim SH, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical features of anaphylaxis in Korea. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 28;1: Simons FE. Anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 21;125(2 Suppl 2): S Johansson SG, Hourihane JO, Bousquet J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Dreborg S, Haahtela T, et al. A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force. Allergy 21;56: Gomes ER, Demoly P. Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 25;5:
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386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
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