Dia 1

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1 IPO755 INTERNET SHOPPING AND IT S IMPACTS ON MOBILITY IP0755 Jan Francke and Johan Visser KiM Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment P.O. Box EX The Hague The Netherlands jan.francke@minienm.nl johan.visser@minienm.nl 25th WORLD ROAD CONGRESS 1

2 IPO755 Outline Poster Presentation 1. Passenger transport is on the move! 2. B2C e-commerce is booming 3. Shopping trips vs. home delivery 4. Logistic organisation 5. Substitution or generation balance? 6. Last mile environmental efficiency? Abstract in English, Francais & Korean Roads and mobility Creating new value from transport 2

3 IPO755 Conclusions and discussion The growth in the home delivery channel and the increasingly comprehensive range of services offered by retailers (e.g. click & collect) lead to changes in the pattern of urban freight flows and vehicle movements in cities. The increased level of service may lead consumers to change their travel behaviour and to make fewer car journeys as their needs are met by sophisticated home delivery systems (or other suitable alternatives). It is important to identify and evaluate the potential impacts of the increased use of home delivery on the sustainability of the city. COEX, SEOUL, 2-6 November

4 contribution to growth since 1995 (%) 1 Passenger transport is on the move! Car mobility in Western countries: levelling off growth Passenger car kilometres (both driver and passenger) and light trucks (index1990=100) Source KiM/ITF, 2012 Car mobility by trip purpose in the Netherlands total car mobility (driver+passenger) Source: KiM 8 6 leisure time 4 2 work shopping other education

5 2 B2C e-commerce is booming 5

6 index 1995 =100 3 Shopping trips vs. home delivery passengerkm passengertrips average distance % of total pass.kms % of total pass.trips Source: KiM Home deliveries in the Netherlands % million parcels 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% b-2-b b-2-c total b-2-c % annual source: e-sharp 6

4 Logistic organisation own supply chain parcel delivery service consumer collects goods DC wholesale/ importer store retailer warehouse webshop pick-up point DC parcel delivery home delivery

7 4 Logistic organisation own supply chain parcel delivery service consumer collects goods DC wholesale/ importer store retailer warehouse webshop pick-up point DC parcel delivery home delivery consumer traditional distribution centre (left) and an e-fulfilment centre more and more very large and fully automated (source: CBRE) Pick up points and click & collect Pick up points Within super markets and stores Pack stations (unmanned, using lockers) Dense network, due to growth of home delivery (NL: 900 in 2006 to 6000 in 2015) Click & collect: multichanneling traditional retailers Online sales and pickup at shops Same day or next day 7

8 5 Substitution or generation balance? Several authors expect internet shopping will substitute a move to a shop by a delivery by a van at home. The situation is however complicated: People tend to combine different purposes and various purchases in one trip. Delivery at shops is efficient because of high volumes. Parcel delivery services bundle different deliveries in one round trip. More deliveries per round trip means a more efficient delivery. Lacking empirical evidence for monitoring developments of both passenger shopping trips and home delivery vans: KiM initiated the Netherlands Mobility Panel to map changes in travel behaviour KiM intends to support an extended survey on van use by Statistics Netherlands 8

Cooperation by receivers (shopkeepers), such as binnenstadservice in the Netherlands Cooperation by

9 6 Last mile environmental efficiency? Options for better consolidation and bundling: Cooperation by shippers to consolidate deliveries Cooperation by receivers (shopkeepers), such as binnenstadservice in the Netherlands Cooperation by carriers on urban, regional or national level Green Deal Zero Emission City logistics in the Netherlands cooperation shippers, receivers, carriers and (local) authorities 9

10 ABSTRAIT IP0755 LES ACHATS SUR INTERNET ET LEURS IMPACTS SUR LA MOBILITÉ Acheter sur Internet est l'une des tendances actuelles qui a un impact sur les mouvements de voyageurs et de marchandises dans les zones urbaines. En effet, la proportion des achats effectués en ligne augmente de plus en plus au détriment des achats traditionnels. Les achats en ligne étant liés à la livraison à domicile, on constate un impact sur le transport des marchandises en milieu urbain. Le trafic vers les logements augmente, tandis que le trafic vers les magasins diminue. Les transports routiers volumineux sont remplacés par des petites livraisons à domicile. Dans cet article, nous présentons un certain nombre de faits concernant les achats sur Internet (B2C) et leurs impacts sur les voyageurs et les marchandises, liés aux comportements d'achat des consommateurs et aux livraisons à domicile. Nous décrivons de quelle manière la logistique et les impacts sur la demande de transport liée à la livraison à domicile sont en train de changer. 10

11 ABSTRACT IP0755 INTERNET SHOPPING AND IT S IMPACTS ON MOBILITY Internet shopping is one of the trends that are having an impact on both passenger and freight traffic in urban areas. The market share of Internet shopping is growing at the expense of traditional shopping. Online shopping is closely connected with express home deliveries and therefore has an impact on urban freight transport: more traffic is flowing towards homes, less towards shops. Shopping trips are being substituted by home deliveries. If the Internet has an effect on people s time and financial budget, it will change people s behaviour directly or indirectly and internet shopping will affect the location of traditional retail facilities. In this paper we discuss a number of facts concerning internet shopping (B2C) and its impacts on both passenger and freight transport, in relation to shopping behaviour and home deliveries. We describe how the logistics and the impacts on the demand for transport related to home deliveries are changing. 11

12 초록 IP0755 인터넷쇼핑과그에관한이동성이미칠영향 인터넷쇼핑은도시지역에서여객및화물교통모두영향을미치고있는트렌드중하나입니다. 인터넷쇼핑의시장점유율은전형적인쇼핑의지출로성장하고있습니다. 온라인쇼핑은밀접하게빠른가정배달서비스로연결되기때문에도시의화물수송에영향을미치고있습니다 : 더많은교통량이가정으로그리고그에반해적은교통량은상점으로흐르고있습니다. 쇼핑이동은가정배달로대체되고있습니다. 인터넷이사람들의시간및재정예산에영향을끼친다면, 직접적으로나간접적으로사람들의행동을변화할것입니다. 또한인터넷쇼핑은전형적인상업시설의위치에도영향을미칠것입니다. 본논문에서는인터넷쇼핑 (B2C) 에관한많은사실들을쇼핑행동과가정배달서비스에따라, 관련된여객및화물수송에미치는영향들을논의하고있습니다. 그리고우리는어떻게가정배달서비스와관련된수송수요의영향과그물류가변화하고있는지설명하고있습니다. 12

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