10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 Korean J Med Hist 10 23 59 June 2001 ISSN 1225 505X * * 1 16 1 1) * 1) 1997 (68 2%/6 7%) (61 0%/7 0%) (59 0%/14 8%) 1 7 10 ( 2000 43 ) (27 6%/22 1% 1997 ) (29%/28% 1996 ) (Tobacco Control Country Profiles The American Cancer Society Inc Atlanta Georgia 2000 204 352 ) 23
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 17 19 ( ) 2) 3) 18 18 2) 1968 ; 9 ; ; 1971 ; 18 19 1986 ; 53 ; 17 1988 ; 3 1990 8 3) : 12 1991 2 ; 1 : ; 1996 24
( ) ( 1888 1939) 4) ( ) 5) 6) 7) 2 1492 4) 2 ; 1939 5) 18 1990 59 60 6) Clifford Geertz The Interpretation of Cultures New York ; Basic Books Inc 1973 144 145 7) 19 Eric Hobsbawm eds The Invention of Tradition Cambridge ; Cambridge Univ Press 1983 263 264 25
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 (Christopher Columbus 1446 1506) 8) 1492 10 15 9) 1550 2 1561 (Jean Nicot 1530-1600) (Nicotiana tabacum) 1586 (Nicotia- na rustica) 10) 11) 16 17 17 1570 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1573 1605 12) 1602 ( ) 8) Jordan Goodman Tobacco in history the cultures of dependence London ; New York ; Routledge 1993 2 Food of Spirits Shamanism healing and tobacco in Amerindian cultures 9) Jordan Goodman 1993 37 1571 ; 1999 160 170 10) B C Akehurst Tobacco Harlow ; Longmans 1981 34 11) Carl Avery Werner Tobaccoland a book about tobacco ; its history legends literature cultivation social and hygienic influences commercial development industrial processes and governmental regulation New York ; The Tobacco Leaf Publishing Company 1922 3 "Introduction of Tobacco into Europe" 12) ; 1975 359 366 26
1601 6 29 13) 1608 ( ) ( ) ( 1573 1619) ( ) ( Luson) 14) ( ) 17 41 (1613 ) ( ) 15) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 17 1636 ( ) 16) ( ) 17) 17 18) 13) 1999 13 16 14) 16 2001 ; 2001 ; ; 1974 114 3 (1575 ) 1635 100 (http://www tobaccoinfo com cn/ycls/) 17 (Berthold Laufer Tobacco and its use in Asia Chicago ; Field Museum of Natural History 1924 2 ; Li Hsien wei The Tobacco in China Tientsin ; Hautes tudes 1934 4 ; 3 ; 1978 92 ) 15) 10 (1613 ) ( ) 1999 74 16) 1966 ; 9 69 70 17) 16 ( ; 1988 175 ) 16( :1518 1593) 52 18 ( ( 4 ) 2 ; 1988 13 79 80 ) 18) ( 2001 ; 16 27
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 16 17 16 ( 1567 1608) 18 19) 17( :1608 1623) ( 1618 ) 18 20) 1614 ( :1563 1628) 1614 21) 22) 1613 23) 1614 24) 1619 ( ) ( :1553 1623) ( ) 24 2 5 25) 26) ) ( 1959 ; 2001 http://www sinowing com/ls_index/shgc_index/shgc2 htm) ( ; 1998 67 ) 19) 1990 13 20) 16 ( ) ; 1982 494 21) 1614 1609 1614 1939 396 397 22) 8 34 1 2 1936 23) 1613 16221999 74 24) 17 18 18 25) ( ) 1968 ; 6 7 26) ; 1949 232 236 1990 14 28
17 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 27) ( ) Tobacco 28) 17 17 17 18 ( 1738 1792) ( 1745 1816) ( 1758?) ( 1754 1822) ( 1 4) 17 17 ( 1649 1659) 4 (1653 ) (Hendrick Hamel 1630 1692) 14 (1668 ) 4 5 29) 17 27) 18 28) 1603 ( 1999 68 80 ) ( ) 1645 ( 1999 73 ) 29) ; 1975 92 29
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 1 2 ( ) 6 (2000 274 ) ( 2000 296 ) 1 1 30)? ( 1587 1638) (1635 ) 20 ( ) 31) 30) 1 ; 1996 263 31) ; 1974 274 30
3 4 ( 2000 331 ) ( ) ( 2000 365 ; ) 17 17 1638 1616 1617 1621 1622 32) ( ) 32) 37 16 (1638 ) 8 4 31
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 5 17 4 5 4 5? 33) 34)?35) 17? 3 1) 1612 (Matheus de Couros S J ) 36) 1608 (Francisco Pacio) 1609 1615 37) 14 (1622 ) 15 (1623 ) ( ) ( 1674 1720) 43 (1717 ) 33) 132) 34) 137) 35) 3 2 36) Michael Cooper S J Rodorigues the Interpreter An Early Jesuit in Japan and China John Weatherhill Inc 1974 177 178 1999 225 226 37) 1999 29 30 32
38) 17 ( ) ( ) ( ) 39) 1634 2 40) 2 41) ( ) 42) 38) 186 15 (1623 ) 2 ; 59 43 (1717 ) 3 39) 1966 67 68 40) 1638 1638 ( 1968) 6 (1634 ) 9 (1635 ) 1634 2 6( ) ; ( ) 41) 6 (1634 ) 2 20 42) 37 16 (1638 ) 8 ( ) 33
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 43) 44) 1 1 45) 1 2 1 3 46) 1 2 3 47) 70% 3 ( ) 17? 17 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 43) 1966 3 44) ( 19 ) 1641 6 25 1 3 ( ) 45) 8 22 (1644 ) 10 23 46) 7 ; 1982 167 47) 3 (1631 ) 1 15 1 2 3 7 ; 1982 153 34
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 48) 49) 17 18 1732 ( ) ( ) 30 1730 50) ( ) 18 ( ) 18 ( ) ( ) 18 19 51) 48) ; 1949 232 233 49) ; 1976 53 59 50) 747 8 (1732 ) 7 21 ; 147 7 51) 1990 20 29 35
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 17 ( ) ( ) 18 18 ( ) ( ) 52) 53) 18 1 ( ) 8 9 54) 17 18 55) 56) 57) 18 18 58) 52) 41 44 53) ( :1762 1836) 1801 ( ; 1983 88 ) ( :1706 1761) (1725 1761) 1 3 ( 18 ; 1995 67 1727 5 11 ) 54) 1995 577 1752 12 30 55) 4 56) 17 (1639 ) 3 22 57) 20 (1642 ) 10 28 ; 24 (1646 ) 2 4 36
18 59) 60) 2) 61) 1613 62) 1637 ( ) 63) 17 ( 17 17 ) 58) 1990 54 60 59) 446 35 (1709 ) 1 15 ; 601 1 (1725 ) 9 24 ; 747 8 (1732 ) 7 21 ; 771 10 (1734 ) 1 11 ( 1990 ; 56 137) 18 10 (1734 ) 11 5 ; 24 (1748 ) 4 30 ; 21 (1797 ) 7 8 ; 22 (1798 ) 11 30 60) 1995 604 1754 4 16 61) 1603 ( 1999 68 ) 1614 ( ) ( ( ) ; 1994 630 ) (1645) ( 1999 73 ) 62) 15) 63) ; 1991 48 1190 37
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 64) 65) ( ) ( ( ) ) 66) 67) 1 1 68) ( ) 64) ; 1988 65) 7 ; 1982 167 ( ) ( ) 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 ( ) 66) 1616 1636 1644 67) 60 70% ( ) 38
1612 69) 1760 ( 1681 1763) 70) ( ) 71) 1637 ( 1563 1640) ( 1737 1800) 18 72) 73) 68) 96 : ; 1994 904 1 1 16 (1644 ) ( ) 69) 1612 (Matheus de Couros S J ) 1999 226 70) 88) 71) 1593 17 ( ; 1998 176 196 ) (; 1963 359 ) 72) ( ; 2000 422 423 ) ( ; 1997 60 61 ) 1799 1885 e mail 73) ; 1991 48 1189 1190 39
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 74) 18 75) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ) ; 1968 162 ( ) 74) 1637 73) 75) 1975 274 275 ( ) ( ( ) ) 40
( ) ( ) 76) 77) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1614 78) 18 ( 1752 1800) 79) 1635 76) Paul U Unschuld Medicine in China A History of Ideas Berkeley L A London ; Univ of Calif Press 1985 111 116 77) ; 2000 2 3 78) ( ) ; 1994 630 ( ) 79) 17 178 ; 1998 104 ( ) 41
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 80) ( ) ( )? 17 20 81) 82) 83)? ( ) 84) 85) ( ) 86)? 17 80) ; 1974 274 275 81) (1635 ) ; 16 (1638 ) 8 4 ; (1760 ) ; (1775 ) ; (18 ) ; 8 (1808 ) 11 19 82) 19 2 30 24 (1800 ) 6 26 83) 4 2 84) 2000 172 85) ; 2000 137 140 86) 6 1997 ; 71 32 19 (1795 ) 27 28 29 38 ( ) 42
17 87) 18 1760 5 10 ( )?? 88) 87) 1974 275 ( ) 88) ; 1999 92 43
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 ( ) 4 1) 17 89) 90) 91)? ( 1737 1805) 18 92) 19 89) 1975 84 90) 3 (1679 ) 3 12 91) 7 (1629 ) 7 11 92) ( ) ; 1978 46 44
( 1788 1865) 93) 94) 17 95) 18 93) ( ) ; 1982 107 108 94) 1939 405 95) 1996 264 45
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 17 18 96) ( ) ( ) 97) 98) 99) 100) 101)? 96) 7 (1681 ) 5 15 ; 18 (1692 ) 2 27 ; 27 (1701 ) 5 12 ; 30 (1704 ) 5 20 ; 46 (1720 ) 41 110 ; 3 (1727 ) 7 23 ; 47 (1771 ) 5 1 ; 1 (1777 ) 4 24 97) 18 (1692 ) 2 27 98) 5 (1679 ) 7 12 99) 59) 100) 79) 101) 1 (1777 ) 5 5 46
102) 103) 17 104) 105) 10 (1786 ) ( ) 106) ( :1741 1793) 107) 102) 17 (1639 ) 7 9 103) 51 (1775 ) 7 9 104) 7 (1666 ) 9 20 105) 49 (1773 ) 4 9 106) 10 (1786 ) 2 21 107) 6 ; 1997 27 28 29 37 38 ( ) 47
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 (1790 ) ( ) ( :1720 1799) ( )? ( ) 108) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 18 ( :1749?) 109) 108) 14 (1790 ) 5 22 109) ( ( ) ; 1969 296 ) 48
17 18 2) 1884 1885 ( ) (William R Carles 1848 1929) 300 40 5 110) 19 111) 112) 113) 114) ( 5 6) 115) ( 7 8) 116) 110) 19 79 20 1984 111) William R Carles Life in Corea London ; Macmillan and Co 1888 38 ( 16 ; 1999) 112) 1888 ; 119 113) 2 30 3 1 15 124 125 114) 70 115) 1996 267 268 116) William R Carles 1888 228 49
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 5 6 2 15 ( 1984 79 ) (2000 59 ) ( ) ( ) 18 ( ) 117) 1m ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 118) 119) 117) ( 1996 265 ) 17 1999 115 116 118) William R Carles 1888 131 132 50
7 8 (2000 360 ) ( 1984 183 ) ( 9) ( ) 100 400 120) 16 18 ( ) 119) 62 120) 216 217 51
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 9 ( 1823 1873) ( )? (1846 ) ( 2000 398 )? 121) 18 ( 10)? 122) 123) 121) 1997 30 58 122) 17 18 52
10 (William R Carles Life in Corea London ; Mac- millan and Co 1888 142 ) 20 124) ( ) 15 14 ( ) ( ) 125) ( 17 15 ) 7 1% 6 2% 126) 19 (Valerie Polakow Suransky ; 1992 1 ) 16 17 14 16 123) 18 1997 31 70? ( ) 124) 20 ; 2000 88 125) 1935 ; 2 126) 1914 1930 1935 50 51 1910 1935 58 53
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 13 14 127) 3 128) 18 129) ( ) 130) 18 131) 132) 133) 127) William R Carles 1888 40 128) 196 129) 1997 27 28 29 38 ( ) 130) 16 (1638 ) 8 4 131) (addiction) DSM 2000 51 132) ( ) ; 1978 31 54 ( ) 133) 110 18 (1741 ) 1 8 54
? 8 134) 136) 18 10 ( ) 2 135) 18 ( ) 134) 446 35 (1709 ) 1 15 135) 1995 35 136) 21 (1797 ) 7 8 ( ) 55
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 137) 138) 1876 1883 1884 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 139) 1894 ( 1842 1896) 1896 (The British American Tobacco Company) 1904 1905 11 1909 1921 7 1920 20% 5 17 137) 8 (1808 ) 11 19 ( ) 138) 68) 139) 1991 127 56
18 17 18 18 19 57
10 1 ( 18 ) 2001 6 20,,, *. 58
= ABSTRACT = T he Introduc tion of T obac c o and the D if f us ion of S m oking Culture in K ore a SIHN Kyu Hwan SEO Hong Gwan* Since its introduction to Korea from Japan at the beginning of the seventeenth century tobacco became very popular with an amazing rapidity among Koreans Along with widespread cultivation of tobacco smoking also became very popular among Koreans regardless of their classes ages and sexes On the other hand other imported crops from America via Europe in the same period like sweet potato potato corn and tomato did not enjoy such popularity in Korea A long time after their introduction Koreans began to cultivate these crops Why did Koreans responded enthusiastically to the newly-imported tobacco? What kind of factors contributed to the rapid transmission of tobacco in Korea? This study examined the causes of rapid diffusion of the smoking population in three aspects First was economic aspect The farming of tobacco yielded a profit by selling it to Chinese The climate and the soil of Korea fit for farming of tobacco So the farm land of tobacco expanded gradually since 18th century Second was medical aspect At first many Koreans believed that smoking was helpful to digestion expectoration protecting coldness and exterminating parasites Afterwards they believed smoking could encourage vitality and protect diseases There was no reason of smoking cessation for the people's health in that the hazards of smoking were not well known to the commonage in those days though a few intellectuals acknowledge its harm Third was sociocultural aspect We could trace the smoking culture of Chosun dynasty through arts poems and essays The making of smoking culture made stable reproduction of smokers generation by generation Especially the smoking culture secured juvenile's smoking Considering three aspects above we knows that what reason the Decree of Ban of Smoking( ) in Korea was not strict in comparison to that of China(Qing Dynasty) in which the violators were executed The regulation of smoking by the government failed except controlling in sociocultural aspect The government reinforced controlling of smoking culture in counteraction to the threat of collapse of the hierarchy of Chosun dynasty in 18th century Key Words smoking culture smoking population the Decree of Ban of Smoking juvenile's smoking * D epartm ent of M edical H istory M edical E thics Inje U niversity 59