사회보험통합방안연구
,,,.,,,.,,. (, )....
().,,,.... 1.. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6..... 1999 11
1 1998 11 6 4. 1960 1963, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1988, 1995., 4..,
2..,,. 1988 1960 1963 1975 1) 1989 1979 1977 1964 1995, :1) 1963 1977, 1998 10 1. 227.
3.,,,.,.,.,,. 4,.,.
4 4. 4,,.,,..,..,..
5..,,.. 500, 10, 30. 5. 5 1995 1999 4 1988 10 1) 1977 500 1999 10 18 60 (5 // ) (5 // ) 1964 500 5 1995 30 :1) 1963, 1977.
6. 1998 1 10, 50, 3 5, 1998 10 3.. 1986 1988,, 1960 1970.,.,. 1998 10, 2000 1.,,.
7.,,.,.., 5,,.. 1999 10 < 1-3> < 1-5>. 1999 6 30 < 1-6>. 1989, 4,466., 1999 4 1,119., 5 23 757. 1998 10 57.
8 18 60 5 5 ( ),,,, 3, 3 1) 3 3 2) 2), 5 18 23, 20 60 ( ),, (3 ), (3 ), (3 ), ( ) :1) 3. 2) 3.
9 800, 1,350 4 5 4 (1999 34 ) 60 ( 1 ) 1) :1) 1. 584. 34, 1, 80
10, 4, 5.. < 1-6>., < 1-6> 5,. 5. 5 17 7, 18 6 () () 18 60 177,368 16,234,853 177,368 5,044,200 11,190,650 190,301 44,661,143 180,655 16,240,859 9,646 4,905,242 23,515,042 570,748 5,844,018 5 232,667 7,568,357 :,,.
11. 23 3.,,.. 1999 4 18 60. 5.. 1999 4 1,014 996 9, 402 5(45.5%) 481 3(54.5%) (, 1999. 5). (-) 1,014 996.9 (98.3%) 113.1 (1.7%) 883.8 (100%) 402.5 (45.5%) 481.3 (54.5%) 45.5%
12.,. <1999 6 > 1999 6 2,025 3, 647 1, 586 4, 221 8, 398 2, 171 8, 4 5. 18 60,. 1999 4 (647.1) 5 5 (398.2) (171.8) (586.4.7) (221.8)
13. 5, 5.,, 5 5., 1. 5,.,, 4.,,. 4,,
14. < 1-9>.,,.., 1999 1 40 60% 70%,. 2, 70%,. 50% 6080%.,.,,. (20 )
15 - + : 0.3 (A+B) n/40 1) ( : 0.4 (A+0.75B) n/40 :,, - - : : : : : 2 : 120 : 30 + - : - :,,, 40 60% ( 70%) 330 (, 65, ) : 70% : 50% (2590) : 1) A(): B(): n: 1), 1) 1996 1 1 60.
16...,,.,,,., 2 1 ( 59, 64)., 1 ( 365 ) ( 49 2). 55 65 ( 93 2)..
17 () 1973 (1988) 1960 (1960) 1963 (1963) 1973 (1975) 18 60,,, - :, 5, - :,,,, (), (20 ) (60 ) - 20 60 - (4) : - ( ) : 406 0% ( ) - : 1) (20 ) - 20 : 20 : (5 ) - (14); - : ( ) (5 ) - (20 ) (20 ) - : - (7 ) - : ( ) - - - - - - - - - (%) (4.5) (4.5) (7.5) (7.5) (7.5) (7.5) (5.5) (3.5) (2.0) (5.5) (5.5) : 1) 1996 1 1 60.
18 50%,. 14 4,.. 4 (life stage),.,,.,,,,,.,,,,
19.,,,, 3(,, ).,,,,,.. (46) (116) (20) 1) : 1) 1999 10.
20,,,., 1997 3.5% (, 1998),,, 1999 10. 40 46., (15), (15),,. (30 ), 3. 4.,,.
21,.. 4,..,..,., 2,..,. 53, 30
22, 7. (360) (22), 45., 360, 360. - : :4.5% :4.5% 1) - : 6% 3% - :7.5% :7.5% - :7.5% :7.5% - :2.0% :3.5% :5.5% ( ) 28% - : 50%, 50% - : 50%. 50% - : 20%, 30%, 50% (1997 12 3.8%) - 50%, 50%,. - 1998 1.55% - :0.5%, :0.91.5% - :0.3% - :0.10.7% :1) 3% 3%, 1999 4 1 ( 75, 1).
23.. 67 5/1000299/1000....,,. (),,.,,
24. 1999 4,.,,..,. (/) 1975 51.1% 1980 72.7%, 1990 91.3%, 1993 103.2% (, ),, 1972 100%.,. 1998 10., 199397 20.2%, 14.3%, 11.8%., 50%
25 (, 1998). -,, - ( ) 9% 1 - ; - ; 4 3-2 - :360 - :22 *45 :4.5% :4.5% - : - :7 *53 28% ( ) 1/2 1 - : 310 * 30% - : 310-0.3% - 0.10.7% - 1.0% - : 1/2 - : :, 4, 1998. 9,.
26,.,,,..,.. 1995 1998 10, 1999 4.,.,
27., 5... (),... (national minimum).,..
28,,.,,..,.,.,...
29.. 4..,, ( )...,.
30 1997 9 9 4,. 1998 2 9 1,, 1998 2 100, 4. 1998 4 2000 1, 1998 6 30 2 4. 1998 6 22 4, 1998 11 6,, 3.,.,
31,..,. (, 1998).,,,.,,. (cost),, 4
32..,.,. 4.,. 4., ( ).
33..,..,..,.
34., 5..,....,,,....
35.....,.,....
36.,. 5,.....,..,,
37..,. 4..,.,. 4..,.,.
38.. 4 3. 4,.. 4,.,,,,....,.,,.,, (Benefit Office)
39.,.,,,....,,,...,..,
40.,,.,..... - - - - - - - - - life stage - - - - -
41.. [ 1-1].,.,,,.,.,.
42,.,.... ILO (1995) 24..
43 (,, ), ( ), ( ),. 4. 1998 11 4 1). 4. 4.. 4 (1998. 12. 31. 5623) ( 1998. 6. 3. 5448).,. 1) 1998 2 1 4 ( 52 ).
44 4...,,. (1998. 9. 17. 5566). (1998. 1. 13. 5505). (1998. 12. 31. 5623),..
45. ( 1998. 6. 3. 5548), ( 1998. 6. 3. 5448)....,. < 2-1>, 2),.,...,. 2).,, (, ),.
46 1) :1),.. 4,,.. 1998 10 1 4,,. 4. 4 < 2-2>.,,,,.
47 5 4 (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (3) ( 80 ) (), (), (), ( ),,,.
48 < 2-3>. ( ) ( ) ( ) (,, ) ( ) ( ) 45 53 1 1 4 3 (2 ) 2 1
49. 3), (2).,, ( 18). ( 327, 1997. 3. 28.) < 2-4>..,,,,,,, 3) ( ). 70/100 130/100.
50 ) ) () ) ) (,, ) ), ) () ) ) ) ) ) ),,.,, ( : ). ( : ( ),,, ( ), ( ),, ).. ( :,, QC )
51. ( :,,, (,, ),,,,, (), )..,,., ( :, ) 24, 45 1, 72 ( 1997-25, 1997. 10. 1. ). 4) 5) 4),. 5)., (, 1).
52 (8, 30, 3 2, 3 ). 60 ( 60 ) 65 1 80 (1 18 ) (1 ) (, ) (, 23 1 2 ) (8, 30, 3 2, 3 ). (1 ).. (30). 2. 6)
53..,,, 4 (2 2). 7),,,,, 4. (56 4). 8) 6) 1 1 3. 7) 1998 10 1 1999 12 31 3,050, (8 ) 24,400, (226 ) 690,000( 98-57. 1998. 10. 7). 59 (733, 000). 8) 1999 ( 97-59). () 29% () 24%
54 (5, 62 1). (4 2).,, ( ).. (4 2 ) ( 97-58 1 ). (62 2). 9) 27% 28% 9) ( 97-59). () 29% () 24% 27% 30% 1 6,390 ( 97-60).
55,, 3% 1999 4 1, 4.5% (75, 1).. 22 360 45 (3 1 5). ( 3 3),,,, (12), ( ) ( 3 1). < 2-5>. ( 6) 10) 3,600,000, 220,000 45 ( 2 ). 1 4 3., ( 7) 10) 12 20.
56. ( ) ( 20 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 20 ( ) 100 20,, 20 ( 20 )
57.,,,,,, ( ),, ( 11),,,,,, 5 ( 17 2). ( 3 4) 100 240 ( 12 4 ) ( ) 100 ( 16 1 1). 5 ( : 20 )
58 : (/ ) 30 : 1 : 1, ( 9 1). 12 31 ( 9 3). 2 1 (52 1) 10 (54). 28% 1998 9 3.24%. (49 2). 75,000 53 (50). 1995 1,900,000 ( 2).
59,, ( 3 4), ( 2). < 2-6>,,. 11). 2000 1. 12)., ( 28) ( 3 ). (/ ) 30 1 11) ( 85). 12) (1998), ( ), 27.
60 (, ) 1) 2), 3) ( 4),, 5) ) :1) (27 ). 2). 3). 4). 5), ( : ),,.
61 1, ( 84 1). 3( 20 ) 2 13),, ( 83). ( 84)., 20 ( 83)., < 2-7>.. 13),,,,,,.
62 ( ( ). 1) ) : 2000 1.. 9%...,.... 2000 1.
63 < 2-8>. < 2-2> 4,., (,, ) (,, ) (+) () ( 50/ 30) ( 50, 7) ( ) *, 1999 4.,,.
64 45 6% 2000 1 1 9% 2,200.,,,,, ( 3)., ().,, 3.,,, 4 217. 14). 1999 4.,. 10,140 72% (47%), (25%) 14) (1999), (), 17.
65., () () 15).,. 16) 99. < 2-9>. 45.5% 80%. 17) 842,000 57%. 18). () 3%(2000 6 ). 1% 2006 7 9% ( 4). 15). 16) (1,196 ), 100, 5, 1997,. 17) 43% 22.2% ( 1999. 5. 17.). 18) 1999. 4. 23.
66 (, %) 345(45) : -= - 1.0 345 (45 ): () - = () - 0.7 (99) 94 (9.2) 149 (14.7) 228 (22.5) 254 (25.0) 289 (28.5) 94 (9.2) 243 (23.9) 471 (46.5) 725 (71.5) 1,014 (100.0) (1999), (), 18 ; (1999),, 15. 1998 10. ( ),.. < 2-10>.
67 1 (1998.10.) ( 50/ 30) (50) (7) 4,200151,700 1,600101,000 1,20018,800 (1999),. [ 2-1],,, ( 2-11). (30) (50) (50) (7) (%) 100 66 50 16 34 27 7 (1999),
68 500, 500. (501 ) 20%,, ( 4 1),.,,, 30 < 2-12>., (500 ) ( 4 3 4). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 19 6064 2029 65 5059 3049 19 6064 2529 2024 65 5059 3049 0200 201600 601 1,000 () 8 12 24 1,001 2,000 44 2,001 5,001 5,000 10,000 62.5 93 10,000 93 4., 181 234 8 ( ), 181, 196 2 (
69 7 ), 500 (500 ) 50 ( 4 2, 2 4).,,,,, 7. 2000 1., 19), ( 64, 62).. 4 19) (1999),.
70. ( ),,.,,. ( ),,.,,... (). < 2-5>,.....
71. 20).. 4 7080%,, 20 30%. 21) < 2-13> 61.5%, 19.9%.. 3,266,825 773 2,502 381,613 771 66,086 2,008,695 27,479 127,654 650,252 (%) 100.0 0.02 0.08 11.7 0.02 2.0 61.5 0.8 3.9 19.9,, 1992.. 20) 4.. 21) (1996),,.
72...,. 22). 100%...,. ( 3 1). 22).
73 ( ),.. 1.. ( ). ( )..,.,.. ()..
74 360, 22,. 75,000. 23).. (). 22.... 23) 1995 1,900,000..
75 ( 7, 35, 48),. ( )...,,.. 24) 1999 4 (Social Security Tax). (Tax) (earnings).,. 24) Social Security Programs Throughout the World, Social Security Administration, USA, 1998 ; A Short Survey of Social Security in the Netherlands, 1998 ; UK Inland Revenue, Leaflet CA 01, National Insurance Contributions for Employees, 1999.
76, Class1, 1A, 2, 3, 4. Class 1 Class 3 66().. 1999 4 2000 3 < 2-14>. 66 Class1 66 10%., 500 500 10% ( ). 66 83 83 12.2%.. Class1 500 66. ( (83 ) )....
77 1998/2000 Class 1 Class1A Class1B Class 2 Class 3 66 3,770 7,530 3,770 ( ) ( ) Class 1 Class 2 Class 4 7,530 66 500 66 10% 500 500 10% () 83 ( ) 83 12.2% ( ) () () 6.55 3,770 Class 3 7,530 Class 2 Class 4 6.45 7,530 6%, 26,000 26,000 6% ( ) 1) Social Security Tax. (contracted-out), contracted-out salary related(cosr) contracted-out money purchase(comp).. UK Inland Revenue, National Insurance Contributions for Employee, National Insurance Contributionaeries CA01, 1999 ; Social Security Programs Throughout the World, Social Security Administration, USA, 1998.
78 66. Class 3. Class 3, Class 2,,. 6.45. Class 2 Class 4. Class 2 3,770 7,530. 6.55. Class 2 Class 4 7,530 7,530 Class 2, Class 4. Class 4 7,530 6%., 26,000 26,000 6%. Class 4 Class 2 3,770 Class 3... 25) (earnings)., 25).
79.., ( 98,400 ( 85,200 ), 73,800 ( 63,900 ), 144,000 ),..,. ( 610, 520 ). ( 2 ).. 610 1997..
80. ( ).. 1997 45,960 (, 1 289), ( ) 1 199, 45,960, 1 289...,..,..
81..,. ( 2-15 ).. 26),......... 26).
82, 1,, ( ) 1 16 1 ( )?
83,,, ( ) () (20 ) (20 ) (20 ),
84,, (5 (5 ) ) ( ),,, :, () ( ), (20), (20) ( ), ( ) 1), ( ),. 2).
85,,. 27),. 28)....,, 27) ((1999), 4 ). 28) (1999),, 19.
86..,,.,.. 3. 3.......
87.. 70%. 4....,. 4...,.,,,.
88 1998 10 (1998. 6. 3. 5448) 29)., 18.4% 2. 30). 80%,.,.. (), 29) (1998. 6. 3. 5548) 2000 1 ( 2002 1 1). 30) 793 41 100%, 60 50100%, 330 50% 26.1% ( 1999. 5. 25.).
89 (). 31).. 32),,.,. (. : ). 31) 1985. 1/3.,. http://www.npc.co.kr/maga/new/9905_04spe.html. 32).
90 (),,.,,.,.. ( ), ( ),
91......,..,..,.,..
92. Class 3...,...........
93,.... ( ).... 4..,.. 4 33)
94... 4. 4 4.,..,...
95 () 2 24 46 68 811 11 1,051,500 1,151,430 1,151,430 1,317,390 1,317,390 1,431,060 () 1,115,700 1,115,700 1,177,620 1,177,620 4 48 811 11 1,173,310 1,308,070 1,425,330 1,583,940 1,313,870 1,317,650 10 1021 2131 3151 51 1,620,780 1,620,250 1,691,800 1,729,110 1,729,110 7 710 10 1,331,390 1,518,240 1,566,550 6 6 1,210,700 1,270,940 1,202,800
96 () 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 225,000 225,000 235,000 235,000 245,000 245,000 255,000 255,000 265,000 265,000 280,000 280,000 300,000 300,000 325,000 325,000 355,000 355,000 385,000 385,000 420,000 420,000 460,000 460,000 500,000 500,000 545,000 545,000 595,000 595,000 645,000 645,000 700,000 700,000 760,000 760,000 820,000 820,000 885,000 885,000 955,000 955,000 1,025,000 1,025,000 1,095,000 1,095,000 1,170,000 1,170,000 1,250,000 1,250,000 1,335,000 1,335,000 1,425,000 1,425,000 1,515,000 1,515,000 1,610,000 1,610,000 1,710,000 1,710,000 1,810,000 1,810,000 1,915,000 1,915,000 2,030,000 2,030,000 2,135,000 2,135,000 2,245,000 2,245,000 2,360,000 2,360,000 2,475,000 2,475,000 2,600,000 2,600,000 2,730,000 2,730,000 2,870,000 2,870,000 3,010,000 3,010,000 3,150,000 3,150,000 3,310,000 3,310,000 3,450,000 3,450,000 220,000 230,000 240,000 250,000 260,000 270,000 290,000 310,000 340,000 370,000 400,000 440,000 480,000 520,000 570,000 620,000 670,000 730,000 790,000 850,000 920,000 990,000 1,060,000 1,130,000 1,210,000 1,290,000 1,380,000 1,470,000 1,560,000 1,660,000 1,760,000 1,860,000 1,970,000 2,080,000 2,190,000 2,300,000 2,420,000 2,540,000 2,670,000 2,800,000 2,940,000 3,080,000 3,230,000 3,380,000 3,600,000
97 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 74,999 75,000 84,999 85,000 94,999 95,000 104,999 105,000 114,999 115,000 124,999 125,000 134,999 135,000 144,999 145,000 154,999 155,000 164,999 165,000 174,999 175,000 184,999 185,000 194,999 195,000 204,999 205,000 214,999 215,000 224,999 225,000 234,999 235,000 244,999 245,000 259,999 260,000 279,999 280,000 299,999 300,000 319,999 320,000 339,999 340,000 359,999 360,000 379,999 380,000 399,999 400,000 419,999 420,000 439,999 440,000 464,999 465,000 494,999 495,000 524,999 525,000 554,999 555,000 584,999 585,000 614,999 615,000 644,999 645,000 674,999 675,000 704,999 705,000 734,999 735,000 794,999 795,000 844,999 845,000 894,999 895,000 944,999 945,000 994,999 995,000 1,054,999 1,055,0001,124,999 70,000 46 1,125,000 1,194,999 1,160,000 80,000 47 1,195,000 1,264,999 1,230,000 90,000 48 1,265,000 1,349,999 1,300,000 100,000 49 1,350,000 1,449,999 1,400,000 110,000 50 1,450,000 1,549,999 1,500,000 120,000 51 1,550,000 1,699,999 1,600,000 130,000 52 1,700,000 1,899,999 1,800,000 140,000 53 1,900,000 1,949,999 1,900,000 150,000 53-1 1,950,000 2,049,999 2,000,000 160,000 2 2,050,000 2,149,999 2,100,000 170,000 3 2,150,000 2,249,999 2,200,000 180,000 4 2,250,000 2,349,999 2,300,000 190,000 5 2,350,000 2,449,999 2,400,000 200,000 6 2,450,000 2,549,999 2,500,000 210,000 7 2,550,000 2,649,999 2,600,000 220,000 8 2,650,000 2,749,999 2,700,000 230,000 9 2,750,000 2,849,999 2,800,000 240,000 10 2,850,000 2,949,999 2,900,000 250,000 11 2,950,000 3,049,999 3,000,000 270,000 12 3,050,000 3,149,999 3,100,000 290,000 13 3,150,000 3,249,999 3,200,000 310,000 14 3,250,000 3,349,999 3,300,000 330,000 15 3,350,000 3,449,999 3,400,000 350,000 16 3,450,000 3,549,999 3,500,000 370,000 17 3,550,000 3,649,999 3,600,000 390,000 18 3,650,000 3,749,999 3,700,000 410,000 19 3,750,000 3,849,999 3,800,000 430,000 20 3,850,000 3,949,999 3,900,000 450,000 21 3,950,000 4,049,999 4,000,000 480,000 22 4,050,000 4,149,999 4,100,000 510,000 23 4,150,000 4,249,999 4,200,000 540,000 24 4,250,000 4,349,999 4,300,000 570,000 25 4,350,000 4,449,999 4,400,000 600,000 26 4,450,000 4,549,999 4,500,000 630,000 27 4,550,000 4,649,999 4,600,000 660,000 28 4,650,000 4,749,999 4,700,000 690,000 29 4,750,000 4,849,999 4,800,000 720,000 30 4,850,000 4,949,999 4,900,000 770,000 31 4,950,000 5,049,999 5,000,000 820,000 32 5,050,000 5,149,999 5,100,000 870,000 33 5,150,000 5,249,999 5,200,000 920,000 34 5,250,000 5,349,999 5,300,000 970,000 35 5,350,000 5,449,999 5,400,000 1,020,000 1,090,000
98,,,.. (1963) (1995) (1961), (1963), (1962), (1962), (1963), (1963), (1973), (1973), (1977), (1995)..,,
99...,. (W. Friedlander) (social welfare), (Introduction to Social Welfare, 1980, p. 4.), (social security program),,, (Ibid., pp. 45). (social insurance),. 1),,.,,,,, 6. 1) (1999),, 124.
100 1953 ILO,,,, (),,, 8. 2),.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2) (1999),, 7779.
101,,..,,,,,,, ( ),,,,..,,,,,,,,,,,,.,.,. 3),,.,. 3 3) (social security program).
102, 4. 4. 4. < 3-1>, < 3-2> ( ). ( ) ( ) () ( 1) ( 1 4)
103 - < 3-1>,,,,,, 4. ( 1 4),,, ( 1).,,. < 3-2> ( ) 4..,,
104. 4. 4.. 4,,. 4). 4... 4. 4). ''.
105.,..,. 4.,,,....,.,.,
106., 2001 7.., (universality).., (adequacy) (efficiency).,,,., (national solidarity)..,,.,,
107,. 4 < 3-3>.. ( 1999 4 1 )., 5,,. 5),.,. 1999 10 1 5., 5).
108. 3 4 4, 800m 3. 5() 5 ( ) ( ) () () (2 ) (3 ) (1 ) (3 ) (3 ) (1 ) (80 ) () () 4., 5,.
109.,,. 4. 4. 5 4.,... 6) 6).
110 5 1999 1,..,,..,...... ( ) 4. 5,,,
111. 4 (), (), ().. 5. 1881 1883, 1927, 1995......,.,
112..., 15. 15 1 15... 1 () 11.7%, 3,000 6,375... 1999 1 1... 4,,. (kein Betriebskapital) (keine Beschft) (keine Werbung)
113, (nur Auftraggelba),......,,. < 3-4>.
114,. 4,,..,,.,,..,. + + + 1) + + + + + 1).
115... 16. 10, 4. 8. - - - - ( 16) check digit - - ( 10) ( 4) - - ( 8) check digit 4,.
116,. - - - - check digit, 4,. 4. 4,,.. 4.
117..,,.,.,. < 3-6> 4.,.,...
118 ( / ) () (/) () (// (//) /) ; ; (/); (/); ; ; (3 ) () () - ; (/) ; ; ; ; (/) - / (). < 3-7>. 4.,
119..
120 < 3-8>. 4.. < 3-9>. 4,,,.. < 3-10>, 4.,,.
121-12,,,
122 < 3-11>,. (/// ) - - -,,,,,,, -,,,, (/), (/ ), -,,, ;,,,,,,, (/) -,,, ;,,,,,,, -, ;, 1,,, ;,,,, (, ) - (112), (, ), (, ), ) -,, (,, ) (//) -,, - -(),,,,, ( ), ( ) -,,,, ( ),, -, (),,,,, (,, /) - /:,,, ( ),, -, -/ :,, ; 1 (), (), ), ) - : (,, ),, (, ) - (112),, -,,, -,, -, -,,,,, (,,, ),,,,, (,) (3) -, -,,,,, (,,,,, ),,,,, (,) (/)/ (/ ) - (), ( ),, - ( ) : -,,,,,
123....,... 4.
124., ( ).. ()(), ( ). (real-time).. 4 4.. 1973, 1999 1 1.,,.
125 [ 3-1]. (,,,, )., 1
126 ()., 3 5...,..... 1., 4 15..... (2 ). 7) 7) 2000,
127,. (Lohnsteuerkarte).,,,, 12....,,,,.... 1998, (Brutto),,. 67 ( ) 3,,,... 2025%.
128,,.. 1998 12 31, 1999 1 1., ( ), 19-- 2000, Euro.. 3,000, 2.2,.,,,,..,,,,,,,,
129..... (25)(29). ( ) (Arbeitgeber).. (),,.. van Gruiter Gruiter, van,. ( ),,, Kontrollmeldung() X. Sofortmeldung() X. X. (22) (23).. X. (24). ) (Anmeldung), :
130..,. (19) (20) (11). ),,,, :,. ) (Arbeitgeber) 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 116 FELEG 118 119 X...
131 0 1 2 3 4 5 9 (Firmenzahler) 0 1 2 0 1 ArV 2 AnV 3 ArV 4 AnV 0 1 2 (Bundesanstalt für Arbeit).. Arbeitnehmer, ( 2),. 000 ; 287 ; 368 ; 225 ; 124 38 1998 12 31, 1999 1 1 2001 12 31. 2002 1 1. ( ),,,,,,,,,,.
132 3 () AOK, BKK, IKK, EK, LKK, See-KK, BKN,, ( ),. - / - - - - 10
133-1000 - 2000-3000 - 6000 () 0100 () 0200 () 0300 () 0400 () 0500 () 0600-0010 - 0020 0001 (LFZG) U1 (LFZG) U2 DM/ / - ( ) 15.. -. -.,,,,.,,
134..,,. < 3-12>,....,. < 3-13>.,.
135 1) 2) 70 / 70 / 10,, 1),. 3 11(1/4), 5 15 (2/4), 8 15 (3/4), 11 15 (4/4). 2),. 10.,....
136...,............
137., 1.. () < 3-14>.,.
138.....,..,.,.,,
139., 1... < 3-15>.,. 1,
140,.. 9%..,.., 4 1 1( 4)
141..,., 4. 1998.,. 6.5%, 20.3%, 13%, 1.7%.. 8).,. 2%. 8)..
142.,, ( )......,...., 1.,. 1.,, 3...
143 1.,,,..,....,...
144.. < 3-15>., ( ) 1) : : ( ) ( ) 1) 3() ( ) () :,, : : 1).
145. 3....,..,,. 1...
146...,.,.. 9)., 1.,, 1. 9).,.,..
147.,,.,.,,,,,... ( ) 1 3 1,.,,. 4.
148 (universiality)..... 1999 6.,.. 4. < 3-3>..
149.... ()., 4. 3, 1 1, 1, 1., 1,....
150.. 4.,,, 4. 10), < 3-17>. 10)....
151 [ 3-1]...,,. - ( ) - - - - - - () - - - - - -4-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -,, - - - - - - - - - -
152.,.,,.
153.,.,, 4.. 4,.
154., 4.,.,,,.. 4,.,.,,.
155 1988,. 1963 1989.,. 1964,,.,,. 1995. < 4-1>., 20 30%, 40 60%.
156 - + 0.3 (A+B) n/40 1),, - - : 2 120 30 + 40 60% 330 (, 65, ) 70% - : 50% - :, (2590),, 1) A(): B(): n 2, 70%,,,. 50%,.
157 4.,,.. 1999 4 18 60..,,., 1998 10,.
158 20 ;60 (,, 55) 10 ;55 ; 10 ; 6065 ( 5565 ) 1020 ;60 (,, 55) 1988 1 4560 (,, 4055) 5 5 60 60 2 20 100% + 60 10 47.5% 5559 7595% + 10 6064 47.5% 5090%() 1019 47.592. 60 5% + 5 25% + 4560 1-4 10 2 10 1020 ( 10 20 ) 10 60 ; 1 5%. ( ) 13 100, 80, 60%+ 4 2.25 40, 50, 60% ;, +,, ; +, 4
159 330/ (65,,, ); 4570% 80% 1) 2, 1 2) 3) 50 1) 2 1 2). 3) 100 50/100.,,,. 70%, 2.
160 (3 ) ( 3 ) ; 13 47 ; 814 47 1 70% 329(190.1%) 138(737.8%) 1,012(4)55(14) 47%( 1) 1 5% ( 67%) 1,300 120 2 ; 13 ; ( ) ( 1 4 ),. 50%, 25 90 1). 1) 1999 2 1999 7 1
161.,. ; 50% 1 6 (3.5/, ; 70%) 2 ; ; ; 1/2 ; ; 50Km ; 50,,,,, 60 70% 60 70% 1/2 5/ + 43,150348,790 ( ) ; 70% ; (3/); 3 (100/ ) ( 1%) 70100% 1/22/3 6,. 105 90.
162 4,,,.,.,,,,.,. < 4-6>. < 4-6>,,..,
163..., 2 1 ( 93 1)
164....,.,..,,.. 18 60., 60 60 65. 65.,, 1 ( 365 )
165 ( 49 2). 55 65 ( 93 2),.,..,.....,..
166,,.. 50%,.,.,.. (, ) (, ).. 4..
167. 4 (life stage),. < 4-7>.
168,..,,.,., < 4-8>.
169,.. < 4-9>. (maternity benefit), (sickness benefit). (family allwance) (housing benefit).,, 1) 1),..
170.. 5. 5 50%, 5. 2). 4,.. 2) 2, 3, 3..
171. (1).., (2). 4 (3).,. 4.,. 2 3. 2 3 4.,
172,,,.., 5., 100%, 50% 3)., 4),. 2 3) 1,470,121, 635,310. 4) 12, (),.
173,., 50%..,,,,..
174,., 1 3, 4, 1 7, 8 14.. 100%, 50%., 100%.,.,
175.., 2, 3.. 5 50.. ( ) < 4-10>. 43,, 43., 43 4 (
176 43 ).., (2 ) 40, 50, 60% ( 365 ) 4767% 1) + 1,300 2) 4 3) 43, 4) (1,300 - ) :1) 10, 10 3 2. 2) 4. 3), 4, 4. 4), 1,300.
177.. 2...,.,.,..
178,, 1 ( 365 ) ( 49 2). 55 65 ( 93 2)..,,.....
179.,.,,..., ().. 15, 18 15 3 15.
180.,,., 110,.,,..., 7 4, 8 9 3.
181, 1 2, 2 1. 2 6, 3 45, 3 7, 3 6, ( <> ) 14., 7 12., 9 4., 11 10. 10, 13 2.,,. ().,. (6) (4)
182,.,.,,. (), ( ), ( ) 5). 3..,,. 5) 2000 1.
183.,.. 4. 4.,,.....
184. one-stop.,. 4.., 4, 4.,,,.,.,..,
185.,...,,. one-stop,.....
186... 4,.,.,..,..,
187.... (national minimum)..,.,,.,,,.
188,. 2.,...,,.,.,.. (maternity benefit), (sickness benefit), (family allwance) (housing benefit)
189.,......,,,.,
190..........
191 -, 100%, 50%. -,,. - 2,. - 6,. -,. -.
192 - (14), (4) (6). -,,. : 12 1. -,.,.,. -,. -, 1 3, 4, 1 7, 8 14. -,.
193 6 - - 4 - - 6 3) 4) 40 4 2) 1 7 - - 4 - - 7 2) 40 3) 1 4 2) 1 6) 3 9) 10) 7) 2 5) 3 1 6) 3 1
194-14, 4,. - 14. -,. -,. 1 1. 0.02 2. () - (1) - 0.02 (2) - 0.02 (2) - (1) - (1)
195 3. 4. 5. - (1) - (1) - (2) - (2) 1 6. 1 1 5 7. - (1) - (2) 8. 1. 0.04-0.06 (3) 2 2. 0.02 0.06 3. - (1) - (3)
196 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. - (6) - (5) - (5) - (4) - (5) - (4) - (5) 2 9. 10. - (3) - (4) - (4) 11. 1 10 12. 13.
197 1. 0.1 3 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 2 6. 3 2 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1 10-0.06 (4) - 0.1 (5) - (4) - (4) - (6) - 3 2 (6) - 3 2 (6) - 5 4 (6) - 5 4 (7) - (7) - (5) - (7)
198 3 12. 13. 1. 0.2 - (5) - 0.1 (6) 4 2. 1 - (6) - 40 (6) - 40 (7) - 1 (7) - 1 (9) - 1 (9) - 1 (10)
199 3. - (9) - (10) 4. - (8) 5. 3 1 6. 3 1 - (7) - 3 1 (8) - (7) - 3 1 (8) 4 7. 2-3 (7) - 2 (8) - 3 (8) - 2 3 (9) 8. 9. 1 8
200 4 10. 11. - (7) - (9) (2) (3) (5) (7) (9) (11) 0.6 (7)
201 0.02 (8) 0.06 (9) 0.1 (10) 0.6 (13) 0.6 (9), (9), (13) (11) (12) (9) (11) (12) (11) (13) (14) (9) (9) (10) 40 (11) 1 (11) (12) 1
202 (14) 14 (10) 10 (11) 7 (12) 5 (13) 3 (14) 5 (8) (8) 3 (10) 3 1 (10) 3 1 (12) 1 (13) (8) 3 1 (10) 3 1 (12) 2 (9) 2 (10) 2 3 (10) (11) 2 (11) (12)
203 (13) (13) (13) (13) (14) (14) (14) 5 (8) 2 (9) (9) 4 (10) 2 (11) 2 3 (12) 4 (12) 1 2 (13) 2 3 (13) 1 2 (14) (10) (11)
204 (7) (9),,, (12) (12) (8) (7) (12) (12) (14) (14) (14) (7) (9) (12) (14) -. -,. -
205. -. -,. -,.. -. -,.
206-1, 2 1. 1 2-2 3-3 1. 0.06 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 2 1 2 4 5 1. 0.06 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3
207-3, 4, 5 2. 3 3 ; 4 1 ; 0.06 4 2 ; 4 3 ; 5 1 ; 0.1 5 6 ; 5 8 ; 1 7 ; 3 1 ; 0.1 3 3 ; 3 2 ; 3 1 ; 0.1 3 10 ; 3 12 ; 6 1. 0.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3 2 7. 3 2 8. 5 4 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 3
208-6 3. 6 3 ; 6 4 ; 40 6 5 ; 4 2 ; 1 4 2 ; 1 2 4 ; 7 1. 0.6 2. 40 3. 1 4. 5. 6. 3 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
209 8 1. 0.02 2. 3. 2 4. 3 5. 5 6. 3 1 7. 3 1 8. 9. 10. 5 11. 4 4 4 4 4 9 1. 0.6 2. 0.06 3., 4. 5. 6. 7. 1 8. 1 9. 10. 2 3 11. 2 12. 2 13. 14. 15. 16. 4 4 4 4
210 10 1. 0.1 2. 3. 14 4. 5. 1 6. 7. 2 8. 2 3 9. 3 10. 4 11. 3 1 12. 3 1-7, 8, 9, 10 4. 4 4 7 6 ; 3 7 7 ; 5 4 7 11 ; 3 7 ; 3 8 ; 3 10 ;
211 11 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 40 5. 6. 7. 2 8. 2 9. 10. 10 11. 1 1. 2. 3. 7 4. 5.,,, 6. 3 1 7. 3 1 8. 9. 10. 2 3 11. 4 12. 13. 14.
212 13 1. 0.6 2., 3. 4. 5 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 10. 1 2 11. 2 3 14 1. 2. 3 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 2 9. 10. 11. 1 *:,., 1. 2 1 1 ( ).
213. 2 1, 1 ( ). - 11, 12, 13, 14.
214,...,,. ( ) ( ),
215.,,. 18 60 (145), 5
216,,,,,.,,,,..,,,,,. 1999 4., 1998 10,., 1997 3.5% (, 1998)., 1999 10., ( ),
217,,,,,,,. - (10) (9) - 70 - (15) (14) ] - 1,435 (145) - 4,804 (1) 161 - (10) - (9) (8) (10) 6 ; 46 ( 9 ) - 1,858 - (46) - (116) 1) - (20) 2) (6 ; 46 ) 1) 1999 10. 2) 40, 1999 10 46., 4, 1998, 9, ;.
218, (15), (15),,. (30 ), 3.,.,,. < 5-3>,..,.,
219..., * *,, 3, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, :,
220.,,. 4.,,,,.
221,... < 5-5> 5,, 5., 5 17 7, 18 6, 23 2. () () 18 60 177,368 16,234,853 177,368 5,044,200-11,190,650 190,301 44,661,143 180,655 16,240,859 9,646 4,905,242 23,515,042 570,748 5,844,018 5 232,667 7,568,357,,.
222,.., 5,,. 5 ( ),.,,,. (),,.,,
223. 4,,..,,,,.,.,, 2 1 ( 93 1)., 1 ( 365 ) ( 49 2), 55 65
224 ( 93 2).. 50%,,., 14 4.,, 1 3, 4, 1 7, 8 14.,.,.,..,
225.,,,,..,, 1)., (20) 2) (20 ) (60 ),.,,, 1),. 2) 1996 1 1 60.
226,., 1, 70, 70., 1, 10., 10,.,.....,,
227.,..,.., 5..,...
228.,,,...
229,.,..,...,. 5,....
230..,.,.,.,.,,.,,
231. 2:2.,
232,,.,,..,., 5. 2:2, 1999 10 1. 46,,.,,..,,.
233. () 4.,,,.,,,,,,..
234,,,,. (DSS),.,. DSS,.,.,.,...,,,,..,.
235,.,,,, 4,.
236,,, one-stop..,. 4., 4.,,. (Jobseeker's Allowance) (DfEE) (Jobcentre),..,,
237......,... 2:2 (1). 2 : 2, 1999 10. (2) 4 (3).,.
238,.,. 4.., one-stop.,..., 3). 3) 6
. 239
240 (National Insurance), (Department of Social Security),. (Benefit Office). (Jobseeker s allowance), 1996 10, (Department for Education and Employment), (Jobcentre).. (Department of Health) (National Health Service). 5,,. (Benefit Agency)BA. 20,, 59,000 15,000. (Contribution Agency)(NI)
241,. 1998 NI 6,500 120, 240. 1999 4 (Inland Revenue),. (ITSA),., 2000. (Child Support Agency),.. (War Pension Agency)...
242, 1998 New Deal,. 1999 4 (CA) (Inland Revenue)., CA. 50,000, 8,000,.,.,.,,,, 5, (Department of Health), 4 (Department of Labor and Social Affairs)..,,
243,, () (Insurance Carrier).. 4,,, 4....,,.,.
244.,... 1961.,,,,,,,,,,,. 1989 1997.,, 307. (),,.,,. 478, 347
245.,,,.,,... 1972.,. 1998 6., 4.,,,,,.,,.
246. (Medicare), (Medicaid), (). (Department of Health and Human Services) (Social Security Administration). 10 6, 1,300 (Social Security Office). (Medicare), HMO(Health Maintenance Organization), Blue Cross/Blue Shields..,... 28,.
247..,. (Treasury) (IRS) (SSA) - IRS - SS Trust Fund - - - SSA - SS - ID - - SSA - - - - ( SSA) - - (ID ) - IRS - - IRS - - - : (Trust Fund Governing Board) : SSA/IRS : SSA/IRS (Memorandum of Understanding) : ( : ) * IRS ; SSA(Social Security Admin.) (Executive Branch).
248. (Treasury Dept.), (IRS), (SSA).,..,,,. (Tax Collection Agency). (,, ),,,..,, (National Social Insurance Board),. 25 360,.,,,,,,,. 40,
249,. (Labour Market Board),. (, ).. (Social Insurance Charge) (),. 1975 1985. ( ) (security).,.. (National Tax Board) 131 (Local Tax Offices) ( ),., ID, 1.
250,.,., (National pension Fund, ),,. 4.,,. ( ) ( )..,,..
251,...,.,,.,.,,,,...,,,,,.
252,, (, ), (, ).,,.,.,.,., 1999 4 (CA).,. (Treasury Dept.) (IRS), (SSA),,,.,,, 4.
253....,., 4.,,.,. 4.,,,,. (),
254 ( ).,.,,.,.,.,.,,.,.,. 4,,,.
255 4)..,.,,, (),,.,, 4..,. 4,,,. 4) 1998 10.
256, 5).. (),. [ 5-4].,. 5) (DfEE) (Jobcentre),.
257,..,,,...,.
258 (National Insurance) (Department of Social SecurityDSS),. (Jobseeker's allowance) (Department for Education and Employment), (Department of Health) (National Health Service).,.
259..,, (Department of Education and Employment) New Deal,, (CA) (Inland Revenue), (Active Modern Service).,,. (DSS) (DfEE), (DH)., 1989. 1990 (Headquater) 5 (executive agency).,, 5,,.
260 DSS. (Headquaters Management Board),.,,,,, DSS,,,,,,, DSS.,.
261 (NIRS) 6,000,. 7,700, 1998 2 2,500 (1999 2 600 ) 490., 1999 4.,,..,. (income support).,.,.,.
262,. (Income Support).. 1996 12. 1997 1998,.,. New Deal. 1996 10 (Employment Service Agency), (Jobcentre). DSS DfEE,
263. 1998 9, 120, 1,159, 34,000. 1999 4 DSS. (Tax Office). 16 ( 60, 65) (National Insurance Contributions), () ( ). 6 (class). class class,,. 16, (LEL Lower Earnings Limits).,,,,,,
264,. class 1. (8.4% 10%). (9.212.2%),. class 1 1999/ 2000 66 286, 500 2,167. 3.85%. class 1 (tax office) class 1.,. class 1A.,. class 1B. class 2 16 class 2.,, NHS,,
265,,. class 4 Class 2. class 4. class 2 (Inland Revenue National Insurance Contribution Office) class 4., class 1 class 2, class 3. class,, 1998 3 17 1999 4. (LEL) 2%, 2%.. (SERPS) 10%, (contracted-out employment) 8.4%. 1997/98 1999/2000 <
266 6-1>., 1999/2000 66 66, 84 84 66 18 10% 1.8. Class 1() (Standard Rate) (Limits) 1) 62109.99 110154.99 1551209.99 210 1997/98 1999/2000 LEL 62 2% + 62 465 10% 62 465 3% 5% 7% 10% LEL ( 66) 10% ( 8.4%) 66( 286) 2) 500( 2,167) 83 ( 12.2 % COSR 3) 9.2%, COMR 11. 6%) 1),. 2), 1999/2000 83. 3) 2 SERPS. Contracted-Out Salary Related(COSR) Contracted-Out Money Purchase(COMP). K. Puttick, Welfare Benefits 1997/98 (BirminghamCLT Professional Publishing, 1997), Appendix 2 ;,,,,, 1998, 26 ; UK Inland Revenue, National Insurance Contributions for Employee, National Insurance Contributiona Series CA01, 1999. http://www.dss.gov.uk/
267. 1997/98 465 10%, < 6-2> 4. 1999,, 1999/2000 83 ( 66)., 3, 5, 7, 10%, SERPS 12.2%, Contracted-Out Salary Related(COSR) 9.2%, Contracted-Out Money Related(COMR) 11.6%. ( 83), 500., 1999/2000 62109.99 110154.99 155209.99 210465 62 2%+62 465 10% 3% 5% 7% 10% 465 0 % 10% K. Puttick, Welfare Benefits 1997/98 (BirminghamCLT Professional Publishing, 1997), Appendix 2 ;,, 26.
268 66.00, 83 SERPS 85.00 85 83 2 12.2% 0.24. COSR 192 192.00 83 109 9.2% 10.03.. class 2 class 4 class 2,. class 4, class 3. 1998 3 1999 4. 1997/98 1999/2000 Class 2( ) 6.15 3,480 6.55 3,770 Class 3() 6.05 6.45 Class 4( ) 6.0% 7,010 24,180 6.0% 7,530 26,000 K. Puttick, Welfare Benefits 1997/98 (BirminghamCLT Professional Publishing, 1997), Appendix 2 ; UK Inland Revenue, National Insurance Contributions for Employee, National Insurance Contributiona Series CA01, 1999.
269.,,.,. 16 ( 65, 60) (1999/2000 66), (National Insurance Contribution). (Incapacity Benefit), (Contributionbased Jobseeker s Allowance), (State Retirement Pension), (Maternity Allowance), (Widow s Pension).,,. (Statutory Sick Pay), (Disability Living Allowance), (Child benefit), (Guardian s Allowance), (Statutory Maternity Pay), (Industrial Injuries Scheme Benefits), (Invalid Care Allowance), (Severe Disablement Allowance), (Attendance Allowance)..
270-16 (contribution - based benefit) (universial benefit) (means tested benefit) -,,, - - -(Incapacity Benefit) - (Contribution-based Jobseeker s Allowance) -(State Retirement Pesion) -(Maternity Allowance) - (Widow's Pension) -(Statutory Sick Pay) - (Disability Living Allowance) -(Child Benefit) -(Guidian s Allowance) - (Statutory Maternity Pay) - (Industrial Injuries Scheme Benefits) - (Invalid Care Allowance) -(Severe Disablement Allowance) - (Attendance Allowance) -(Income Support) - (Income-based Allowance) -(Social Fund) (Community Care Grants) (Maternity Grants) (Funeral Grants) (Cold weather Grants) (Budgeting Loans) (Crisis Loans) -(Family Credit) -(Earning Top-Up) - (Child Support Maintenance) - (Disability Working Allowance) -(Housing Benefit) - (Council Tax Benefit) -(Education Benefit)
271 ( resource),., (income support) 8,000 (Housing Benefit) 16,000.,, < 6-4>.. - (Retirement Pension ; RP) - (Widow s Pension ) - (Attendance Allowance ; AA) 16 ( 65, 60),. 65, 60. 5 1. () 2() class 1 class 1 2 SERPS(State Earning Related Pension Scheme) (Occupational pension) (Personal pension)
272. class 2 class 4. (66.75) 90% ()( 44, 49) 25%. 1978 4. 80 25, 39.95. 65 45.. 66.75, 54 1 7%., 60 60 (tax-free lump sum payment) (Widow s Payment) 1,000 1 62.45 (Widow Mother s Allowance). 65 6
273,., 6. 52.95 35.40. NI - (JSA Contribution-based) - (JSA Income-based) - (Back to Work Bonus) - (Child Maintenance Bonus), 18 16. (Jobcentre) (Jobseeker s Agreement). (JSA Contribution-based) (JSA Income-based). 1617 1824 25 30.95 40.70 51.40
274 ( ) 1617 1824 25 1617() 1617() 18 18 18, 1 18, 18 1824 18 25 18 11 11 16 30.95 40.70 51.40 30.95 40.70 51.40 30.95 40.70 61.35 40.70 51.40 80.65 20.20 25.90 30.95 59.40 66.10 182. 6. 8,000,,. NI - (Incapacity Benefit ; IB) - (Statutory Sick Pay ; SSP) - (Severe Disablement Allowance; SDA) - (Disability Living Allowance ; DLA) - (Invalid Care Allowance ; ICA) - (Disability Working Allowance)
275.,, 4 28 (lower rate, 50.35), 28 52 (higher rate, 59.55). 52, 1 (66.75). 60, 28,. 4 28. 28. 28. 1665. 65. 40.35 14.05, 8.90, 4.45,.
276. 65 3 6 (care component) (mobility component). 52.95, 35.40, 14.05, 37.00, 14.05.. 1664 35, 5/ 39.95. 16 16 16,000 3,00016,000.,. NI - (Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit)
277. 95%, (Exceptionally Severe Disablement Allowance). NI - (Maternity Allowance) - (Statutory Maternity Pay ; SMA) - - (Guardian s Allowance) - - (Family credit) - (Education Benefit) - (Earning Top-Up) 66 26 18., 11. 59.55, 51.70. 15 26, 8
278. 16 19, 1617.,, 1 14.40, 17.10, 2 9.60. (For people on low income) - (Income Support) 16,,, 60,, 16 24 8,000,,, premiums, - Family Credit, 16,, - (Housing Benefit) - (Council Tax Benefit) - (The Social Fund) - 16,000,,,,, 5, Family Credit 1
279 (For unemployed Jopseekers) (For Women Expecting Babies) (For people Bringing up Children) - (Jopseeker s Allowance) - (Back-to-work Bonus) - New Deal - (Statutory Maternity Pay) - (Maternity Allowance) - (Maternity Payment), 16 1623, 24,, 18, 6 90%, 59.55.,. 18 51.70, 18 59.55, Family Credit,, 500 (60 1,000 ) - - ( C h i l d Benefit) - (Guidian s Allowance) 16 168 14.40 ( 17.10), 9.60 7.30, 11.35
280 (For people Bringing up Children) (For sick, injuried or disabled people) - (Child Support Maintenance) 1,, Family Credit, - 5.00 1,000 - (War Widow s pension) - (Statutory Sick Pay) - (Incapacity Benefit) - (Severe Disablement Allowance) - (Attendance Allowance) - (Disability Living Allowance) - (Disability Working Allowance) - (Invalid Care Allowance) 193945 66.00 4 28 16 65 28 80%, 6 ( ) 65 65 3 6 ( ) 16 16,, 16 65 35 50
281 (For sick, injuried or disabled people) (For people reaching state pension age) (Help when someone dies) - (Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit) - (Reduced Earnings Allowance) - ( S t a t e Retirement Pension) - (Over 80 Pension) - (Funeral Payment) - (Widows Payment) - (Widows Pension), 1990 10 1 86.60. (retirement Allowance) 16 ( 65, 60).. 60 10 (39.95) 80 39.95, Family Credit,,, 60 1,000 45,. UK Benefit Agency, Which BenefitA Guide to Social Security and Help with Bealth Costs, 1997 ; UK Benefit Agency, A Guide to BenefitA Concise Guide to Benefits and Pensions, 1999.
282., Jobcentre New Deal. New Deal 1824, 1998 1 12 ( Pathfinder areas) 1998 4 1824 New Deal. New Deal 1998 6 25 2,. New Deal. New Deal Welfare to Work. New Deal,. New Deal (ES),,, (Career Services). New Deal, New Deal., (CA) 1999 4 (Inland Revenue) (Joint Working Program).
283
284,.,. 1998 3 (Active Modern Service)., Welfare to Work, One stop service,,,,,.,,., (), (), (), ( ),,
285, (, ).,,.,,. 1975. (,,,,,,,,,, ). ( ),,,. 1954. 3,,.,,, (, ).
286. 18,,,,. 770. 57, 20, 640, 57, (13) (13), (2), (2) 1996 758,.,., (184)..,,,.,,. 1)1),, 1),,,, 1998, 724 735.
287. ( 75% )...,,.,,. 3,. () ( )., 2).,,,, ( ),. 2),,,, 1999.
288,,,.. (, )., 50%,... 2,..., 3).
289,.,,., (1995 18.6%)., 2 ( ) 4). (1996 20.5%).,,, (, 18 ), ( ), ( ), (, 28 ),, 3),, (, ). 4),
290. ( 2/3, 13),,. 5)5) ( 2) 75%. 92%, 8%..,, ( ),,,, 8,.. 1994 12.02%, 13.90%,. 5),
291
292
293.. (), (), (, 7 80% ), (, 3 ), (, ). 6). 1 ( ) 7). 1995., ( 3 ) (). ( ).. 1969,. ( ),. 6), 92-93, 1994, 157. 7),, 158.
294 (,, ). 6.5% ( 2) 8),, 9). 50%., 11, 184,., 6,, ( ), 10).,,,,,,,,,. 8),, 715. 9),,,,, 1998, 6869. 10),
295 80% 11).., 1,. 1908, 1935 (,, ).,, (Supplemental Security Income ; SSI), (OASDI), (Medicare),,.,. 11),, 13.
296.,, (Medicaid),,.. 10 6, 1,300. 6,,,.,, (SSI). 2,,. (Medicare), HMO(Health Maintenance Organization), Blue Cross/Blue Shields..,.
297,,..., 28,...,..,..,,.
298.,,, 2. 43.8, (Treasury) (IRS) (SSA) IRS SS Trust Fund SSA SS ID SSA ( SSA) (ID) IRS IRS (Trust Fund Governing Board) SSA/IRS : SSA/IRS (Memorandum of Understanding) : ( : ) : IRS ; SSA(Social Security Admin.) (Executive Branch) Stanford G. Ross, Common Issues of Social Security and Taxation Systems, Interactions of Social Security and Tax System, ISSA, 1997, p. 17
299...,.,, (1995 2.05%),,.,. ID,,,,,..,. 1984., 65.
300 16 50%. 50%. 10 75%, 18 1819 75%. 82.5%, 150%. 1965 65. 65 2.. 5 4.. 1,0002,964..,... ( )..
301 50%. 13. 20. 2 26. 44, 26. 13 5% 2 20% 13.. 1908. 66%.,. (Treasury Dept.), (IRS), (SSA).,,.
302
303. 12)12) (, ) (, ),.,,.. 1998 6. 12),,, 1998.
304, 4..,.. 1961.,,,,,,,,,,,. 1989 1997.,, ( 307). (),,.,.,,.
305 478, 347.,,.,,.,,.,,,,.,....
306. 1972..,,,,,. 1...,,,.,...
307.,,.. 700, 3,000,.,,,,,,.,,. 300..,,.,. 1986. 20 60,, 20 60, 60 65. 65 (
308 ) 25. ( ). 2 5 65.,,,.,.,,, 5,,,., 4 60%,,,,.,, 5.,,. 1 6, 6 180 6080%.,,,,, 6,.
309 ().,,,,.,,,,,..,,,,.,,.
310
311 (,, ),,,.. ().,,..,, (National Social Insurance Board),. 25 360,. 40,,. (Labour Market Board),.
312 (, ).. (25) ( 360),, () (National Social Insurance Board : RFV),,.,.,,,,,,,. (RFV) [ 6-7].
313 5(,,,, IT ),,,,,,,, Committee Executive office DG/DDG 1, reference prices, charge limitation,, (: 1998-2000) 2,,,,,.,,,, legal unit court unit 2. legal unit,,, court unit, RFV IT,,.,, (Executive office) (country) (25) ( 360 ).,,,,,.
314 (Social Insurance Charge) () 1997 73.5%, 19.9%, 22.7%. 1970 1996 (1996 1%) (1996 3.95%) 13). < 6-9>, 33.06%, 1%. 3.95%. ( %) 13.00 1.00 5.86 0.20 5.28 3.95 1.38 5.42 0.17 0.25 1.50 33.06 4.95 Smedmark & Svenstrom, The Swedish Contributions Collection System, ISSA, European Series No. 25, Interaction of Social Security and Tax System, 1997, p.112. 13) Smedmark & Svenstrom, The Swedish Contributions Collection System, ISSA, European Series No. 25, Interaction of Social Security and Tax System, 1997, p.110.
315., (salary; ) (1996 33.06%).. 1975 1985. ( ) (security).,.. (Tax Authorities, 24) (131) ( ). (Population registration).... ID, 1.
316,.,. (National pension Fund, ),,.. ( ), 6590%( 3 65%, 490 80%, 90%), 450 90% 360 (360 ).,,.,., 65 6070. (1992 33,700) 96%, 157%. 1665, 2 1, 3 1. 18
317. 50%, 25%, 65 12 96%,.,,,,. (ATP).. 6065 60 10.,,,.. 12 4 75, 5 300, 5564 450. 12 5 5 150 (Cash Labour Market Assistance).
318
319 ( ) (National Insurance Scheme) (Employee Insurance Scheme).,, (minimum level benefit). (Social insurance bank),.,,., (National Insurance) (Employee Insurance) - -,, - - - -
320. (income related benefit), (National Institute of Social Insurance).,,,. 1998 GNP 15%(100 Bln), (GNP 7%, 50 Bln).. (Billion) () - - - - - - 9.5 21 36 4.5 6.2 10.7 300,000 741,000 2,100,000 190,000 180,000 480,000 1994 GDP EU - - - - - - - 6.7 6.7 9.7 1.7 1.7 3.2 3.2 6.3 2.8 9.5 2.0 2.0 1.8 0.5 1998,.
321 1998,.,. (Private Insurance), (Self Insurance).. 52. 5. (National Health). (Social Protection for Disablement): WAO, WAZ, Wajong (Employee Insurance) (Sickness PayZW) - 52 (Disablement BenefitWAO) - 5 (Social Provision) Wajong (Disablement Assistance for Handicapped Young Person) WAZ (Self-Employed Persons Disablement Benefit)., 1967 (work-related) (non-work related) (Disablment Benefit)
322 (Sickness Pay).,., (income replacement).. 52, 5., (health care insurance),., (treating physicians),., (too generous),.,.,, (Re-Activation). 1998 (sick leave, absence),,
323.,,., 1998 1. 1998 Re-Integration Act().,. (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment).., (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment)., (Social Insurance Bank),. (National Institure of Social Insurance : LISV), (Social Insurance Agencies). 5,. (Ministry of Health),.
324 (Tax Authorities), (Social Insurance Agencies).. ( ),. Minister State Secretary Secretary-General and 3 Directors-General Policy Director Supervision Director Facet Director Logistics Director Misc. (Policy Director),,,,.,,. LISV (social insurance agencies)..
325 MSA & E LISV CTSV (SIA) (GAK-Nethrlands 5) (SIA) LISV. SIA,,,. (return- to-work). 1999 5 SIA, 5. Cadans, GUO, SFB USZO GAK, Netherlands ( ) LISV SIA,.
326 (maximum taxable income) (taxes on salaries) Dfl. 47,184.,. 1998 Dfl. 80,600, 1.70%(1998 ).,. Dfl. 29,000 Dfl. 84,000.,. (AOW) (ANW) (AWBZ) (AKW)* () (WAZ) 18.25 1.40 9.60 7.9 : (Child Benefit)., LISV.,.. 5%
327 (WAO) (WaO) (ZFW) (WW) 7.55 0.30 5.60 1.20* 6.35 6.45 : 6.8%.. Dfl. 10,00025,000, Dfl. 10,000( ). Dfl. 35,000. ( Dfl. 34 Billion).,. (Benefits based on Minimum Wage) (Benefits based on Wage)., ( 70%)., 2%,
328 100% 1565 50. 65 65 (Supplementary AOW), 65.. (death grant). Lone Parents ( ) ( ) (<65) ( ) (<65) Dfl. 1639.22 ( 70% ) Dfl. 2033.79 ( 90% ) Dfl. 1,131.77 Dfl. 2,263.54 Dfl. 1,639.22 Dfl. 90.54 Dfl. 116.42 Dfl. 64.68 Dfl. 129.36 Dfl. 90.54 1996 7. ( ), 18 45% 1950 1 1., 16( 18, 21) (Orphan's Benefit).
329. (Dfl. 1,173.54).,. Dfl. 1,787.52 Dfl. 116.51 Dfl. 397.82 Dfl. 33.29 18 Dfl. 2,230.79 Dfl. 159.32 10 Dfl. 585.61 Dfl. 38.00 1016 Dfl. 878.41 Dfl. 57.00 1621 Dfl. 1,171.21 Dfl. 76.01 (compulsory or private health insurance) 366. ( Dfl. 3,215), Dfl. 2101,105 (flat rate).,. 18,.
330 05 611 1824 1217 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dfl. 316.82 Dfl. 363.79 Dfl. 379.45 Dfl. 412.40 Dfl. 432.17 Dfl. 445.35 Dfl. 452.60 Dfl. 519.70 Dfl. 542.07 Dfl. 589.14 Dfl. 617.38 Dfl. 636.21 Dfl. 588.38 Dfl. 675.61 Dfl. 704.69 Dfl. 765.88 Dfl. 802.59 Dfl. 827.07 05 611 1824 1217 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dfl. 316.82 Dfl. 363.79 Dfl. 379.45 Dfl. 412.40 Dfl. 432.17 Dfl. 445.35 Dfl. 384.71 Dfl. 441.75 Dfl. 460.76 Dfl. 500.71 Dfl. 524.77 Dfl. 540.78 Dfl. 452.60 Dfl. 519.70 Dfl. 542.07 Dfl. 589.14 Dfl. 617.38 Dfl. 636.21 1995 1, 06 Dfl. 316.82, 612 Dfl. 384.71, 1218 Dfl. 452.60. 16, 18. 1998 1,,. 5,
331. 52 15% 5 65. 5 (National Health). (a) (), (b). 2 (Follow-Up Benefit). 15 (W)(=Dfl. 305.96(1998. 7 ) (w) 1525% 2535% 3545% 4555% 5565% 6580% 80% () 14% 21% 28% 35% 42% 50.75% 70% 32 0 4852 2 3337 6 5357 3 3842 1 58 6 4347 1 6 59 65
332 2% 65. Dfl. 62,200., 1.20%, 5.60% ( Dfl. 52,983). 18. 80%, 20% (= 1 Dfl. 200/). (UI1) (UI2). (UI1) 39 26 70% 6. 4 510 1015 1520 2025 2530 3035 3540 40 6 9 1 1 6 2 2 6 3 4 5
333 (=Dfl. 305.96) 70%.. 2 (WW Follow-up Benefit), 70%.. 1(52) 70%, 70%, 52. 100% 16.,. 2002 CWI(Center for Work and Income). CWI, One-Stop Service. CWI,, CWI (2), (2 ), (), (). CWI.
334 (One-Stop Service to the Client) (Better and quicker Reintegration) (More efficiency and Effectiveness) PES (Public Employment Service) - CWI (Work, Income) Municaipal Authorities -, Social Security Agencies~ (GAK, GUO, Cadans...) -.,,.,.,,,.
335.., CWI,,.
336, (),, 1993,,,.,,, 1999, 5, 15., 1995, 1996.,, 1995, 1996., 92-93, 1994.,, 1998., ILO19191991,, 1991.,, 1999., 4, 27, 1998, 6. 12.,,, 1996.,,, 1995.,, 1998.,, 1997.,, 1996.,, 1997.
337,, 1998.,,, 1994.,, 1997., 4, 1998, 9.,, 1999.,, 1994. 15,, 1995.,,, 1998, 9.,,, 1998, 10.,,, 1998.,,, 1999.,, 1996, 95 (), 1996., 95 ( ), 1996., 95, 1996., 4,, 1998, 12, 2.,,,, 1998.,,,, 1999.,,, 1998.,,,, 2, 1995.,,, 1998.,,
338, 1996.,,, 1996.,,, 1996.,, 1996.,,, 1998., 1998 12, 1999, 1.,, 1998., 1999 2, 1999, 3.,., 1999 6, 1999, 7.,, 1999.,,, 1990.,,, 1995. Friedlander, W., Introduction to Social Welfare, Prentice-Hall, 1980 Puttick, K, Welfare Benefits 1997/98, BirminghamCLT Professional Publishing, 1997. Smedmark & Svenstrom, The Swedish Contributions Collection System, Interactions of Social Security and Tax System, ISSA, 1997 Social Security Administration, Social Security Programs Throughout the World, USA, 1998 Stanford G. Ross, Common Issues of Social Security and Taxation Systems, Interactions of Social Security and Tax System, ISSA, 1997 UK Benefit Agency, A Guide to BenefitA Concise Guide to Benefits and Pensions, 1999., Business Plan 1999-2000, 1999., Which BenefitA Guide to Social Security and Help with Health
339 Costs, 1997. UK DfEE, A New Contract for WelfareThe Gateway To Work, 1998, 10., Design of New Deal Pilots, 1999., Design of the New Deal for 18-24 Year Olds, 1999., New Deal for Long-term Unemployed People Aged 24 Plus, 1999. UK DSS, A Guide to BenefitA Concise Guide to Benefits and Pensions, 1999., A Guide To Working In Dss Headquarters, 1999., Social Security Departmental ReportThe Government's Expenditure Plans, 1998/1999., Social Security Statistics 1994, LondonHMSO, 1994. UK Inland Revenue, Leaflet CA 01, National Insurance Contributions for Employees, 1999, Annual Report & Accounts 1997-98, 1998, 7., Business Plan 1998-1999, 1998., Leaflet CA 02, Self-employed People with Small Earnings, 1999., Leaflet CA53, Information about National Insurance Contributions, 1999, 3., Leaflet CWL1, Starting Your Own Business?, 1999., Leaflet CWL2, National Insurance Contributions for Self-employed People. Class 2 and Class 4, 1999., Leaflet IR121, Income Tax and Pensioners, 1999., Leaflet IR56, Employed or self-employed?, 1999, 2. Kil-Sang Yoo Manfred Ziemek ed.(1993), Unemployment Insurance Systems in Selected Countries, KLI. http://www.dss.gov.uk( DSS) http://www.employmentservice.gov.uk( DfEE) http://www.rfv.se(, RFV)
1999 12 15 1999 12 20-16-2 9 () (02)782-0141 Fax : (02)786-1862 () ()(02)2273-8111 1988 9 14 13-155 ISBN 89-7356-265-7