Method Country Vegetation type Reference AA Japan Quercus-mixed Kirita(1971) Japan Quercus-mixed Nakane(1975) CC China glassland Jia et al.(2006) Japan deciduous forest Hirano e tal.(2003) USA hardwood forest Davidson et al.(1998) Japan forest Tadashi et al.(2004) UK forest(5site) King(2002) China fir forest Guo(2004) CDC China conifer Yi et al.(2001) UK conifer Rayment(2000) Japan deciduous forest Liang et al.(2004) USA conifers Laura.et al.(2003) Italy conifer forests, alpine glassland Rodeghiero et al.(2005) USA mixed pine forest Dilustro et al.(2004) USA Pine plantation Ming and Ye(2001) USA hardwood forest Martin et al.(2009) Japan forest Liang et al.(2003) China agroecosystem ZhangHongxingetal.(2007) Germany forest A.Grafetal.(2008) USA broadleaved forest JonathanG.Martinetal.(2005) UK Pine plantation C.Fangetal.(1998) Germany tropical montane cloud forest MichaelZimmermannetal.(2004) Germany Beech(131years) Borkenetal.(2002) Germany Beech(150years) Borkenetal.(2003) England Castanea sativa Anderson(1973) England Fagus sylcatica Anderson(1973) Germany Fagus-Picea Dorr and Munnich(1987) USA Alnus rubra Vogtetal.(1980) Canada Populus tremuloides Weber(1990) USA Quercus mixed Reiners(1968) USA Fraxinus mixed Reiners(1969) USA mixed hardwood Davidsonetal.(1998)

USA poplar Tufekciogluletal.(2001) USA Quercus-Pinus Garrett and Cox(1973) USA Liriodendron(young) Edwards and Ross-Todd(1979) USA Liriodendron(old) Edwards and Harris(1977) USA Qurecus-Carya Edwards and Ross-Todd(1983) USA Quercus-mixed Wade,inEdwardsetal.(1989) China Quercus glauca Huangetal.(1999) U.K. Pine Pumpanen et al(2003) USA Pseudotsuga menziesii Vogt et al(1980) USA Glassland Rebecca et al(2007) USA Pine plantation C.Fang et al.(1998) USA Pinus pinderosa Ming Xu and Ye Qi(2001) Japan FanguscrenataBlume Wenghong Mo et al(2005) USA Quercus kelloggii Rodrigo and Michael(2008) China Pinus koriaensis Wu et al.(2006) Japan Chamaecyparis obtuse Tsutsumietal.(1985) Japan Quercus variabilis+quercus serrata Takahashietal.(2004) Japan Quercus serrata Yimetal.(2002) China Triticum aestivum L. var. Bussyd Shietal.(2006) OF Japan deciduous broadleaved WenghongMoetal.(2005) Japan agricuture ToshieNakadaietal.(2002) UK pine and mixed broadleaved M.B.Rayment(1999) Japan deciduous Leeetal.(2002)

Method Community type Mean soil respiration (mgco 2m -2 h -1 ) Stand age(yr) Vegetation Type Reference Pinus rigida platation Control No root Larix leptolepis platation Control No root 380 380 330 310 40 40 Son and Kim (1996) AA CC Pinus densiflora Quercus variabilis Platycarya strobilacea Pinus densiflora Burn site Unburn site Pinus densiflora Clear cut Partial cut Control Pinus densiflora (altitude : 182m) Quercus mongolica (205m) Robinia pseudo-acacia (220m) Pinus densiflora (625m) Quercus mongolica (800m) 430 800 900 130 260 240 360 320 45 36 35-41 - 42 38 214-291 274 175 253 - - - - Abies Koreana (965m) 300 - Forest Forest Moon (2004) Jeong (2007) Cho etal.(2009) Un published data Pinus densiflora (355m) 240 - Quercus mongolica (970m) 212 - Abies holophylla (1275m) 230 -

CDC Quercus mongolica (1358m) 125-395 - 311-353 - Miscanthus sinensis Salix koreensis Phragmites japonica Quercus acutissima Control Gap Litter free Hardwood forest Quercus serrata + Caripnuslaxiflora Mixed forest Pinus koraiensis + QuercusMongolia+Quercusse rrate 795 684 445 477 413 30~40 80-200 70-80 Wetland Un published data Lee and Moon (2001) Chae et al. (2003) Quercus acutissima 763 40~50 Choi(2003) Quercus mongolica North slope (length of slope reaches50m) South slope (50m) North slope (20m) South slope (20m) Quercus monglica Qurecus serrata 750 690 780 600 580 750 Kang et al.(2003) Quercus acutissima + Acer palmatum Thunberg + fraxinus rhtnchophylla Hance Pinus koraiensis Pinus Koraiensis + Qeurcus acutissma + Acer palmatum Thunberg Pinus koraiensis Plantaion Control Litter free Root free Quercus mogolica Qeurcus variabilis Qeurcus variabilis Pinus rigida plantation Larix leptolepis platation Quercus mongolica South slope Northwest slope 498 372 400 570 387 262 570 520 510 450 370 80-200 70-80 70-80 Mo (2003) 15 Pyo et al. Forest (2003) 50 44 49 40 40 Yi et al. (2003) Hwang (2004) - Jo and Ahn (2004) 602 477 Alnus hirsute Plantation 520 38 Kim et al.(2004) Quercus mongolica Q.mongolica + Q.variabilis Q.mongolica + Q.variabilis 409 284 296 50 34 31 Lee et al. (2005)

OF Q.mongolica + Q.variabilis Q.mongolica + Q.variabilis Quercus mongolica Quercus mongolica Pinus densiflora Quercus variabilis Quercus variabilis Pinus densiflora Pinus densiflora High density (938tree ha -1 ) Medium density (600tree ha -1 ) Low density (375tree ha -1 ) Quercus mongolica Control Trenching Pinus koraiensis Control Trenching Red pepper Control Organic matter Carbonized matter Quercus serrata + Caripnuslaxiflora 310 280 350 297 310 385 460 370 270 324 302 556 382 33 36 46 52 - - 40 45 69 66 70 23 22 Kim (2008) Kim et al. (2009) Noh et al. (2010) Hwang (2010) 447 311 Lee (2008) 184 Cropland 277 227 365 80-200 Forest Lee (2009) Fuji apple 223 - Orchard Lee et al.(2009)

ρ ρ

그림 4-7. T-CC 열전대를 이용한 토양온도와 기온 센서. 그림 4-8. TDR을 통한 토양 수분 함량 연속측정. 그림 4-9. 광량자(Quantum)센 서를 통한 임상 광량자 측정. 그림 4-10. 우량계를 통한 강수 량 측정. 4. 토양환경 모니터링 조사지의 생태계 수준에 축적되어 있는 탄소량을 파악하기 위하여, 임상 의 토양을 채취하여 토양 함수량, 최대용수량, 탄소축적량(토양밀도, 토양비, 유기물함량)을 조사하였다(그림 4-11). 50cm x 50cm 방형구를 각 3개씩 설치하여 토양 표면에 존재하는 낙엽층 을 따로 분리하여 수거하였고, 토양층은 0cm에서 30cm 깊이까지 각 5cm 단 - 24 -

φ

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