Original language: Korean PC24 Inf. 11 (Korean only/seulement en coréen/únicamente en coreano) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Twenty-fourth meeting of the Plants Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 20, 21 and 23-26 July 2018 9-STEPS-NDF-GUIDANCE IN KOREAN This document has been submitted by the Republic of Korea in relation to agenda item 10.3 on Guidance on making non-detriment findings for plants. * * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. PC24 Inf. 11 p. 1
CITES CITES Non-detriment Findings Guidance for Perennial Plants CITES II 9 3.0 A nine-step process to support CITES Scientific Authorities making science-based non-detriment findings (NDFs) for species listed in CITES Appendix II Version 3.0 Daniel Wolf Thomasina E. E. Oldfield Uwe Schippmann Noel McGough Danna J. Leaman :
CONTENTS This work is the Korean translation of Wolf, D., Oldfield, T. E. E., Schippmann, U., McGough, N. & Leaman, D. J. (2016): CITES Nondetriment Findings Guidance for Perennial Plants. A nine-step process to support CITES Scientific Authorities making science-based non-detriment findings (NDFs) for species listed in CITES Appendix II. Version 3.0, BfN-Skripten 440, Bonn, Bundesamt für Naturschutz. (The pdf file of original version can be downloaded from internet at: http://www.bfn.de/ fileadmin/bfn/service/dokumente/skripten/skript440.pdf ) CITES : CITES II 9 3.0 CITES Non-detriment Findings Guidance for Perennial Plants: A nine-step process to support CITES Scientific Authorities making science-based non-detriment findings (NDFs) for species listed in CITES Appendix II Publication Date: 22, December, 2017 Edited by Tae-Kwon Noh First translated by Wordtopia Supervised by Byoung-Yoon Lee Published by National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR) 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr Copyright 2016 Bundesamt für Naturschutz(BfN), Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany, This work with all its parts is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the strict limits of the copyright law without the consent of the copyright holder is inadmissible and punishable. Reprint as well as in extract, only with permission of Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany. Korean translation Copyright: 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources ISBN: 978-89-6811-307-9 93360 Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1480592-001343-01 01 CITES 02 05 09 1 13 2 19 3 25 4 33 5 43 6 51 7 57 8 65 9 73 This is not for sale. Printed on 100% recycled paper. Printed in the Republic of Korea by Doohyun Publishing co. 90
1. CITES non-detriment findings NDF ( 124 ). CITES,,.,,.. 2. CITES specimen(s) CITES 1., I, II, III II III. 3. CITES. (2017 12 ). 4. CITES 17 CITES (2017, ),.,. 5. (taekom@korea.kr).
: 9 CITES 협약과거래영향평가 (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; CITES). II. II (specimen) (monitoring). CITES 43 II I.,,. (non-detriment findings, NDF). CITES Conf. 16.7( 17 ),,,.. 1 https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/e-res-16-07-r17.pdf,. 01
거래영향평가지침개발과정, (IGO) CITES,. (International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN ; IUCN) (Species Survival Commission) CITES : II (Guidance for CITES Scientific Authorities: Checklist to assist in making non-detriment findings for Appendix II exports) ( ) CITES (, 2008 11 17-22 ) : IUCN (International Standard for sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, ISSC-MAP, 2.0(FairWild Standard ver. 2.0) ) CITES CITES 3 (German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation; BfN) WWF TRAFFIC International CITES CITES. 2 http://data.iucn.org/themes/ssc/our_work/wildlife_trade/citescop13/cites/guidance. htm#guide 3 http://www.conabio.gob.mx/institucion/cooperacion_internacional/tallerndf/taller_ndf. html 4 http://www.fairwild.org/standard 5 https://eva.unia.es/cites/.. ( Excel ) CITES,, 9. 2008 11 CITES. 2012 2 CITES. 2012 10. 2014 BfN (BfN-Skripten) 358 2014 11 (Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization; ACTO) 6. 2 2015 6, 2015 12. 3. Adrianne Sinclair CITES, Gina Schalk Lorna Brownlee.., ( ) 6 D.J. Leaman and T.E.E. Oldfield. (2014). CITES Non-detriment Findings Guidance for Perennial Plants. BfN Skript. 02 03
. 본지침의활용방법. Thomasina Oldfield TRAFFIC International The David Attenborough Building Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ United Kingdom Thomasina.Oldfield@traffic.org Daniel Wolf Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Konstantinstr. 110 53179 Bonn Germany Daniel.Wolf@bfn.de 9. 1. 1-3.. 4-7,,. 8, ( ). 9 1-8.. : : :, ( 5-8 ) : : : :,, ( 4-8 ), Microsoft Excel. 04 05
,...,,.. (CITES ) 3 2 1,, 4 5 6 9 8 7 1. CITES II 9 06 07
STEP 1 이단계의중요성 거래영향평가를하기위해서는표본의종을반드시식별 ( 동정, identification) 하여야한다. 거래영향평가뿐만아니라 CITES 이행전반에걸쳐정확한종식별및학명의확인은매우중요한업무이다. 그러나거래되는표본의종류와상관없이형태적으로유사한종과구별하기어려울수도있어 CITES 등재종을형태적으로유사한종을거래하는것처럼속이는불법거래의경우, 정확한식별을어렵게하고보전상에도큰문제가될수있다. 뿐만아니라, 의약품과같이여러종이원료로사용된제품의경우, 단일제품의수출이라하더라도각각별도의거래영향평가를수행하여야한다. 종식별과학명의확인은역동적인과정으로표본과분류학적정보사이의불확실하거나상이한정보가문제가될수있으며, 최신정보와기존정보사이의차이로인해혼란이발생하기도한다. 표본종식별과분류학적실체사이의불확실성은과학당국의거래영향평가수행에필요한정보를확보하는데걸림돌이될수있기때문에거래영향평가과정에서해결되어야한다. 09
주요질문및처리순서도 1.1 CITES? 2 9 ),, ) CITES (CITES Conf. 12.11( 17 )), (synonym),,..,., CITES (Plants Committee).. (, ): 1 (). 제 1 단계지침 1.1., CITES?,.,. (, ) :.,. 1 9 9.1. 1.. 10 11
참고자료및추천정보 CITES CITES (CITES Conf. 12.11( 17 ) ) CITES CITES STEP 2 ( ) (World Checklist of Selected Plant Families), (flora) 이단계의중요성해당표본이 CITES 결의문 Conf. 11.11( 제17 차당사국총회개정 ) 의인공증식요건을만족하는것을과학당국이확인할수있는충분한정보가신청서에기재된경우, 수출허가에대해긍정적인결정을할수있다. 다만이경우에도야생개체를인공증식개체로허위로기재하거나, 인공증식을위해야생에서채취한개체를직접거래하는것과같은인공증식요건의준수에관한모든우려상황을검토하여야한다. 7 https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/e-res-12-11-r17.pdf 22~24 8 http://www.speciesplus.net 9 http://www.cites.org/eng/com/pc/member.php (Noel McGough) 10 http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do 12 13
주요질문및처리순서도 제 2 단계지침 1 2.1.? 2.1.?. 2. 2.2.? : 2 2.2. : 3. 2.3. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 )? 9 2.2.? 2.4. CITES?.. 3 CITES 42b,. : 2 2.3. 14 15
: 2 9: 9.2. 2.3. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 )? CITES. ) CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ), ) CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ) 11.11( 17 ).,.,. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ),..,. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ),. 2.4. CITES?.,. : 2 9: 9.3. : 2 2.4. (nursery), CITES Conf. CITES. CITES,, CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ),.,. 16 17
: 2 9: 9.4. STEP 3 : 2 3. 2 CITES.,.,,. 이단계의중요성표본의종식별, 인공증식이외에도거래영향평가의최종결정을내릴수있는지확인하는단계이다. 즉, CITES 부속서, 국내관련법규및기존거래영향평가자료를상세하게검토하여이단계에서평가절차지속여부를결정한다. 참고자료및추천정보 (// ) CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ): CITES 11 https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/e-res-11-11-r17.pdf 12 https://cites.org/eng/common/reg/e_nu.html 18 19
주요질문및처리순서도 제 3 단계지침 2 3.1.? 3.1.? CITES 42b,. 3.2. CITES II? 9 : 3 3.2. 3.3.? : 3 9: 9.5. 3.2. CITES II? 4 II. : 3 CITES II Species+ 3.3. : 3 CITES II 9: 9.6., 20 21
CITES. 3.3.? 3, CITES II,,.. (quota),,..,,, ( 4-8),,,.,,. : 3, 9: 9.7. : 3 4. 참고자료및추천정보 CITES Species+ (http://www.speciesplus.net) (,, ) ( ) I, II III (CITES 8 6 ) CITES Conf. 14.7( 15 ) : CITES 13 https://trade.cites.org 14 https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/e-res-14-07-r15.pdf 15 https://cites.org/eng/resources/quotas/index.php 22 23
STEP 4 이단계의중요성 이단계에서는기존보전상태평가자료를통해해당종이채취된지역에존재하는위협을확인하고, 보전상우려와그심각성을검토한다. 다만, 기존의보전상태평가가부족하거나, 오래되었거나, 불완전할경우, 과학당국은이단계의수행여부의적절성을검토할수있다. 보전상태평가란종 ( 또는종의아개체군 (sub-population)) 이가까운미래에절멸할가능성을평가하는것이다. 보전상태평가체계는그형식 ( 적색목록, 적색자료집, 멸종위기종목록등 ) 및지리적범위 ( 지역, 국가, 대륙, 지구전체등 ) 가다양하다. 절멸위험을판단하는평가기준및범주의정의역시평가체계에따라상이하다. 따라서, 최신정보를수집하여상세히분석한보전상태평가는거래영향평가전반에걸쳐여러중요한정보를제공할수있다. 25
주요질문및처리순서도 3,. : 4.1,,,, 4.2. 4.1.? : 4.2 5. 4.2.? 4.2. (,, )? 5 :,. 제 4 단계지침 4.1.?,?. CITES II,.,... 26 27
,. ( 5, 6) ( 5), ( 6, 7) ( 8),,. 4 4.2 :, (,, ). - ( 8) 8 (,, ). 참고자료및추천정보 / (NatureServe Explorer, ) (North Africa Freshwater Biodiversity, IUCN ) IUCN 5 4,. 16 http://www.regionalredlist.com 17 http://www.natureserve-canada.ca/en/cdcs.htm 18 http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ 19 http://2mn.org/engl/rdbrf_en.htm 20 http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/iucnmed/iucn_med_programme/ species/species_assessments/freshwater_habitats/freshwater_northafrica/ 21 http://www.iucnredlist.org 28 29
고려사항 : 보전상우려,., IUCN. 4.,,. IUCN (Least Concern/LC).,,.., IUCN (Not Evaluated/NE), (Data Deficient/DD).,,..,.,,., IUCN (Near Threatened/ NT), (Vulnerable/VU).,,., IUCN (Critically Endangered/CR), (Endangered/EN). 30 31
STEP 5 이단계의중요성 식물종고유의특성때문에야생채취나상업적거래로인한위협을다른종에비해보다심각하게받는식물종들이있다. 본지침에서는이렇게야생채취로인한위협을증대시키는종고유의특성을 생물학적고유위험 (intrinsic biological risk) 이라는용어로표현하였다. 이단계에서과학당국은생물학적특성을검토, 야생채취의위협을받는요소를파악하여그심각성정도를확인한다. 파악된심각성이높을수록제6-9단계평가에서요구되는정보의수준, 효과적인관리방안및조치에대한요건이많아지게된다. 33
주요질문및처리순서도 4 5.? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) :. 6 확보해야하는정보 제 5 단계지침 5.?? CITES. 4,., ( ) 5.,,,,. 5,,. - ( 8) 8,,. 6 34 35
5 고려사항 : 생물학적고유위험 ( 6, 7). ( 8), ( 9).,,,. 5.,,. 5. 참고자료및추천정보,. 4,,.. ( 4 ),, /,,, 1.,,,. 1 ( )...,. (,,,,, )., 6 1:. 36 37
, (). ( )..,. 2... 4....,.,.,. 3. (landscape).,.,.. 5.,,.,.,,..,,,.,,.,, ( ). 4... 6.. ().. 38 39
6... ( ) ( )..,.. 7...?,?. :,.,.., (, ),,,.. (, ),.,. 7.. ( ) (keystone species) (nurse plant; ).. 40 41
STEP 6 이단계의중요성 야생식물의채취는개체, 채취된개체군, 해당종의국가내전체개체군뿐만아니라종의생태계와해당종이의존하고있는다른종에게위협적인영향을줄수있다. 과학당국은적용가능한최적의정보를근거로채취방법및정도 ( 채취로인해영향을받은식물개체, 채취된개체군, 전체국가내개체군의비율등 ) 를확인하여검토한다. 야생개체의채취와무관한원인 ( 제4단계에서이미파악되었을수있음 ) 으로개체군의크기가감소되었을수있으나, 개체군의변동양상은야생채취의위협파악에있어유용한지표가될수있다. 기존관리조치가채취로인한영향을완화시킬수있으므로이단계에서는잠재적인영향보다수출을위한채취의직접적인영향을고려하도록한다. 이를위해국내사용및거래를위한합법적, 불법적채취등과같은다른유형의채취에대해서가능한한고려하여야한다. 야생채취의영향이심각한종일수록검토할정보수준, 관리조치의강도및거래영향평가결정시주의요건등이증가하게된다. 43
주요질문및처리순서도,. 5 6.,,? 7 확보해야하는정보 4, 5, 6. 4,. 4, 5. 제 6 단계지침 6.,,,? :. 6. ( : ) - ( 8),, 8. 7 6,., ( 8). ( 9). 44 45
참고자료및추천정보,,. 6. 4, 5,, ( ) ( 4) ( /,, ) ( ),, ( ) (// ) ( ; ), (,,, ) 1. ().,,,. 1..,,,,...,,,... 고려사항 : 야생채취의영향,,,. 6,.. :. 46 47
..... 2....,.. 3..... (,, ). : (,, ) ( 4).. (recruitment; ). (). ( ).,.,,. 4.... 3... ()..... 48 49
4. CITES 4 3 II... STEP 7 이단계의중요성 거래는 CITES와가장관계깊은위협으로해당종의생존여부를좌우할수있기때문에과학당국은합법및불법거래의규모와동향에대한이용가능한정보를고려하여이를파악하고평가하여야한다. 국내, 국제거래를위한채취에따른영향을제6단계에서평가하였으므로, 이단계에서는보다직접적인국제거래의영향을국내거래 ( 불법거래포함 ) 의영향과비교하여고려하는것이필요하다. 거래가해당종에미치는영향이심각할수록검토할정보수준, 관리조치의강도및거래영향평가결정시주의요건등이증가하게된다. 일부의경우, 기존관리조치가거래로인한영향을완화시킬수있으므로이단계에서는잠재적인영향보다거래의실제적인영향을고려하도록한다. 관리조치의경우, 제8단계에서고려한다. 50 51
주요질문및처리순서도 확보해야하는정보 6 7.? 4-6, 7. 4,. 4-6. 8 7. ( : ) - ( 8),, 8. 8 제 7 단계지침 7.,? 7. ( 8). ( 9). :. 52 53
참고자료및추천정보 고려사항 : 거래의영향 4-6,,,,,,. 7. ( ) CITES 22 : CITES ( 23 ) ( ),, (CITES ) ( ) USFWS LEMIS 24 EUTwix 25 ( ),,. 7. ( 4, 5 )... 22 http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/trade.shtml) 23 http://www.unepwcmcapps.org/citestrade/docs/citestradedatabaseguide_v7.pdf 24 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Law Enforcement Management Information System): http://wildlifetradetracker.org/ 25 (EU Trade in Wildlife Information exchange): https:// www.eu-twix.org/ 1. ( 4, 5 )...,. ( 4, 5 ).,... 54 55
1. 2...,...............,,. STEP 8 이단계의중요성야생에서채취된대부분의 CITES 부속서 II 등재식물종 ( 및동물종 ) 의경우, 거래로인한종의손실을막기위해서적절하고균형적인관리조치의효과적인이행이요구된다. 즉, 채취나거래의영향의심각성을완화시키기위해서관리조치의이행이적정한수준으로이루어져야한다. 다만해당생물이잘알려져있거나, 종의생존에위험이거의없는경우, 간단하고일상적인관리조치만으로도충분한경우가대부분이다. 제4-7 단계를통해과학당국은해당종의보전상우려, 생물학적고유위험, 채취및거래의영향을평가하고, 그심각성에영향을주는요소들을파악하였다. 제8단계에서는현행관리조치의적정성을판단하고파악된채취및거래의영향을완화시킬수있는수준으로이행되고있는지확인한다. 특히채취나거래의영향과분리하여관리조치의효율성을평가하는것은불가능하다. 관리조치가효과적으로시행될경우채취나거래의영향의심각성이 높음 수준으로확인될수없기때문이다. 56 57
주요질문및처리순서도 확보해야하는정보 7 8.1.? 6, 7, 8. 6, 7,, 8. 8.2.? 8 8.2 9 8.2.? 제 8 단계지침 8.1.? : 8 6, 7. 8.2. 4-7 8.2. 8.1 8.2. ). ). ). ). 58 59
,.. 참고자료및추천정보. 9: 9.8. ( 5 ),.,.,.. ( ),, (,, ) 4-7,,,,,,,, (, ) 8 고려사항 : 시행중인관리조치, 6, 7...,,. 60 61
( 6 ) - () - -, / DBH,,,,,,,,, - ( 7) - - ( / ) - (,, ) - ( ) - -,,, - - - - - - -,,,, - - -,, 62 63
STEP 9 이단계의중요성 과학당국은본지침의제1-8 단계에제시된 주요질문과처리순서도 를이용하여해당수출이종의생존에위협이되는지여부를검증하는과학적평가 를할수있다. 이과정에서아래의단계및관련지침에따라다양한평가결과를도출할수있다. ( 제1단계 ) 표본종식별의정확성여부 ( 제2단계 ) 표본이 CITES 협약결의문 Conf. 11.11( 제17 차당사국총회개정 ) 에제시된모든인공증식요건을명확히충족시키는지여부 ( 제3단계 ) 표본이수출금지관련법령, CITES 부속서주해해당여부또는기존의과학적거래영향평가와의적용가능여부를확인하여상세한거래영향평가대상인지확인 ( 제8단계 ) 현행관리조치가제6, 7단계에서파악된채취및거래로인한영향과그심각성을충분히완화시키는지여부 26 CITES Conf. 16.7( 17 ) [https://cites.org/sites/ default/files/document/e-res-16-07-r17.pdf] 65
또한과학당국이본지침을이용하여해당종의취약성과비례하는 수준의 관련자료를수집, 평가및문서화할수있다. 주요질문및처리순서도 과학당국이해야할남은작업은긍정적이거나부정적인거래영향평가의최종결론을내리고, 본지침의이전단계에서얻은결과를근거로관리당국에수출허용여부에대한검토의견을제시하는것이다. 1 9.1., CITES. 2 9.2.,. 9.3. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 ). 9.4. CITES. 3 9.5.,. 9.6. CITES II. 9.7.. 27 Ibid. 8 9.5.? 66 67
제 9 단계지침 9.1. 1 1.1, CITES. CITES,.,. 9 9.1. 9 9.2, 2 2.2. ( ),. 9.3. 2 2.3 CITES Conf. 11. 11( 17 ). 9 9.3.,. 9.4. 2 2.4 CITES. 9.2. 2 2.2,.. CITES Conf. 11. 1 ( 17 ),. 68 69
9 9.4.,. 9.7. 3 3.3. 9.5. 3 3.1,..,. 1) 2) 9 9.7. 9 9.5. 9.6. 3 3.2 CITES II.. 9.8. 8 8.2? 4-7,,,,. 8,. 9 9.6. 70 71
1) 8.2,, 2) 8.2,, Annex 9 9.8. 9 1-8,..,,.,. CITES Conf. 10.3: 28 ) CITES,,,. 통합작업표 MS Excel (http://library.nibr.go.kr). 통합작업표의활용방법., CITES. 28 https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/document/e-res-10-03.pdf 72 73
거래영향평가기본정보 (,, ):, : : : : :. :,,,, CITES :,,, :, () 1-9 [ ] [,, ] [,, ] 74 75
(NDF) 1 : 1 ( 1 ) [ ] ), ). 2 1.1, CITES? ), ).,. 9: 9.1 (NDF) 2 : 2 ( 2 ) 2.2 2.1.? 3 2.3 2.2.? 9: 9.2 2.3. CITES Conf. 11.11( 17 )? 9: 9.3 3 76 77
2.4. CITES? 9: 9.4 3 CITES ( 2.3 ) (NDF) 3 : 3 ( 3 ) 3.2 3.1.? ( ) 9: 9.5 3.3 3.2. CITES II? CITES II ( : ) 9: 9.6 CITES II ( CITES ) 3.3.? 9: 9.7 4 78 79
(NDF) 4 : 4.1. 4.2. 4. 8.2. (NDF) 5 : 5. ( ) :. 80 81
(NDF) 6 : 6. ( ) 8.2. (NDF) 7 : 7. ( ) 8.2. 82 83
(NDF) 8.1 : 8. 8.2. (NDF) 8.2 :,,?? 4 5 / 6 84 85
7 (NDF) 9 :. CITES. ( ) 9.1. 1, 1.1 :,,. : [, 1 1.1 ] ( ) ( ) 9.2. 2, 2.2 :,. [, 2 2.2 ] 86 87
9.3. 2, 2.3 : CITES Conf. 11. 11( 17 ). 9.4. 2, 2.4 : CITES. 9.5. 3, 3.1 :,. 9.6. 2, 3.2 : CITES II. 9.7. 3, 3.3 :. 9.8. 8, 8.2 :? ( ) ( ) [, 2 2.3 ] ( ) : [, 2 2.4 ] ( ) ( ) ( ) : [, 3 3.1 ] CITES ( ) [, 3 3.2 ],.,. [, 3 3.1 ],, : [, 3 3.1 ],, [ ] 88 89
참고자료 Conf. 16.7( 17 ) (NDF) Non-detriment findings 1.. a). ) *. 3 4 ( ),, 4 3, Conf. 14.7( 15 ) ( ), Conf. 10.3( ) 2c h, 4 2 (a), 3 6 (a) Conf. 12.8( 17 ) ( (Review of Significant Trade)),,,, 3 4, CITES,, (,,,,,, ) (IUCN) CITES, 16 (2013, ) 17 (2016, ) Conf. 16.3(Rev. CoP17) 2008-2020 CITES 1.5, ). ), ( ),,,. ). ). ),,. ). ). ). A. B. ( ) C., D. E. ( :, ) F. G. *, 90 91
H. ). d). A.,, B. C. D. E., F. (UNEP-WCMC) CITES,,, b) AC26/PC20 Doc. 8.4 CITES **. 2.. a). b). c) CITES. d). e) CITES,. f),.. 3.. a) CITES,. b) CITES. c) CITES. ** http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/ndf/index.php 92 93