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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree

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J Korean Acad Nurs Adm ( ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์ •ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ) Vol. 23 No. 3, 312-322, June 2017 ISSN 1225-9330 (Print) ISSN 2288-4955 (Online) https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.3.312 ๊น€์ง„ํ˜„ 1 ๊น€์„ฑ์žฌ 2 ๋ฐ•์€ํƒœ 3 ์ •์ˆ˜์šฉ 3 ์ด์€ํฌ 4 ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ 1, ๊ฒฝ๋ณต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ณผ 2, ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ 3, ํ•œ๋ฆผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ 4 Policy Issues and New Direction for Comprehensive Nursing Service in the National Health Insurance Kim, Jinhyun 1 Kim, Sungjae 2 Park, Euntae 3 Jeong, Suyong 3 Lee, Eunhee 4 1 College of Nursing Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University 2 Department of Nursing, Kyungbok University 3 College of Nursing, Seoul National University 4 Division of Nursing Research Institute of Nursing Science, Hallym University Purpose: This study was done to identify issues surrounding comprehensive nursing care within the national health insurance, analyze results and problems within national health insurance and to suggest new policy directions for stability. Methods: A literature search was performed using RISS, KISS, PUBMED databases. Eighteen studies were analyzed. Results: For implementation of comprehensive nursing care, there was improvement in nursing and in facilities. By improvement of structure, this new system showed positive outcomes in term of patient satisfaction and indicators related to patient safety. However, issues related to overload, job stress and evaluation of the system remain. In order to establish this system, staffing levels for nurses and nurse aids need to be adjusted to appropriate levels that reflect requirements for nursing. In addition, range of work needs to be determined clearly. Lastly, regular and systematic evaluation is needed to provide safe quality services to patients and to prevent waste of financial resources, Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care needs to be implemented in ways that patients can be provided with safe and high quality service. There is a need to resolve several issues to allow this new system to function. Key Words: Comprehensive nursing care, Nurse staffing, Patient safety, Job satisfaction ์„œ๋ก  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ๋ฐ›๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์š”์ธ์ž„์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  [1,2], ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์€์ ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€์ดํ•˜๋กœ [3]. ์ผ๋ณธ์ด๋‚˜๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค์ตœ์†Œ 2๋ฐฐ์—์„œ์ตœ๋Œ€ 6๋ฐฐ์ด์ƒ์˜ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผํ•œ๋ช…์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค [4]. 1999๋…„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ž…์›๋ฃŒ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์ œ๊ฐ€๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ์ผ๋ถ€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์ดํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 500๋ณ‘์ƒ์ด์ƒ์˜์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€์ž‘์€๋งŽ์€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‚ฎ์€์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค [5]. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ, ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „, ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ Corresponding author: Lee, Eunhee Division of Nursing Research Institute of Nursing Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. Tel: +82-33-248-2727, Fax: +82-33-248-2734, E-mail: ehlee@hallym.ac.kr - ์ด๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„๋„์ •๋ถ€ ( ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ) ์˜์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜์ง€์›์„๋ฐ›์•„์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„ (No. 2016R1A2B4015298). - This work was supported by Mid-career Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2016R1A2B4015298). Received: Apr 20, 2017 Revised: May 29, 2017 Accepted: Jun 16, 2017 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. c 2017 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration http://www.kanad.or.kr

์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ ์ •๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ดํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์ง€๋ชปํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์—…๋ฌด์ค‘์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ „๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์ด์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑํ™”, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„์ถœํ™•๋Œ€๋“ฑ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ• ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž์˜ 13.8~25.5% ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„ค๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์„๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค [6]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ณด๋‹ค๋”ํฐ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ [7,8], ํ™˜์ž๊ฐœ์ธ์˜๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ๋„˜์–ด๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๋น„์šฉ์„๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค [6,8]. ๋˜ํ•œ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ์ด์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด๋Œ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜, ์•ˆ์ „๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋“ฑ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ [9], ์‚ฌ์„ค๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ดํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2006๋…„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—†๋Š”๋ณ‘์› ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๋ถ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋ถ„์„์ œ๋„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœํŽธ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ 4์›”์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰์ด์ƒ๋ณ‘์› 4๊ฐœ๋กœ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”๊ณต๋™๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 10๊ฐœ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์ €ํ•˜, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ถ€์กฑ, ํ™˜์ž๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋“ฑ์ด์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ์ง€์ ๋จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ๊ณต๋™๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅํ™•์ถฉ์„ํ†ตํ•œํ•œ๊ตญํ˜•ํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด, 2013 ๋…„์—์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ 13๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€, 29๊ฐœ๋ณ‘๋™์œผ๋กœ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ 2015๋…„ 6์›”์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์Šค ( ์ค‘๋™ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ) ์ดํ›„์‚ฌ์„ค๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์˜์ƒ์ฃผ๋กœ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๊ทน๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜์–ด์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์†ํžˆํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ–‰ํ™•๋Œ€์™€๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 2015๋…„๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ธ‰์—ฌ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๊ฐœ์ •์œผ๋กœ์‹œํ–‰๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผํ™•๋ฆฝํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ง€์†์‚ฌ์—…์˜๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2016๋…„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” 300๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€, 451๊ฐœ๋ณ‘๋™, 18,646๊ฐœ๋ณ‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ™•๋Œ€์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ [10], ์‹œํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฐ์‹œํ–‰๋ณ‘์ƒ์€์ถ”ํ›„๋”์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ฑ์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์„์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„์ถฉ์›ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์™€๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์„์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ๋ฐ›์„์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ์‹œ์„ค์„๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜๋„๋กํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌํ•œ๋ช…์ด๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋Š”์ตœ์†Œ 5๋ช…์—์„œ 16๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…๋ณ„, ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ํŠน์„ฑ, ํ™˜์ž๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋“ฑ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐํ•œ๋ช…์ด์ตœ์†Œ 25๋ช…์—์„œ์ตœ๋Œ€ 40๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋„๋ก๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค [10]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€์‹œ์ž‘๋œ 2013๋…„์ดํ›„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ฑ์ฃผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋งŽ์•˜ ๊ณ  [11-18], ํ™˜์ž๋Œ€์ƒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์žฌ์ด์šฉ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค [19,20]. ํ™˜์ž๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œํ–‰์ดํ›„ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋‚˜์š•์ฐฝ, ๋‚™์ƒ, ๊ฐ์—ผ๋“ฑํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์ง€ํ‘œ์—์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ธ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด [4,21], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธก๋ฉด์˜์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ฑ์€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค์ƒ์ดํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜์—…๋ฌด๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€๊ฐœ์„ ์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค [11,22]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ดํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์„ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผํ™•๋Œ€ํ• ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์—๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ œ๋„๊ฐ€์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœํ™•์‚ฐ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ด€๋ จ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ œ๋„๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œํ›„์ถ”ํ›„์ •์ฑ…์˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋ชฉ์ ์€์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€๊ด€๋ จ๋œ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ œ๋„๋กœ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ์ถ”ํ›„์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ก  ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„์ •์ฑ…์˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์ •๋ถ€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ, ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š”์„œ์ˆ ์ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. 1. ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฐ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€๊ด€๋ จ๋‚ด์šฉ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํ˜•ํƒœ์˜๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‚ฌ์—…์ดํ˜„์žฌ์˜์šด์˜ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์‹œํ–‰๋œ๊ฒƒ์€ํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ผ๋Š”๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด์‹œ์ดˆ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 2013๋…„์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„ 5์›”๊นŒ์ง€์ถœํŒ๋œ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋ฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์€ 2์ธ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ์—์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฌธ Vol. 23 No. 3, 2017 313

๊น€์ง„ํ˜„ ๊น€์„ฑ์žฌ ๋ฐ•์€ํƒœ๋“ฑ ํ—Œ์€ KISS, RISS, ๊ตญํšŒ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์˜์—ญ์€์ „์ฒด์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์ฃผ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ณ‘๋™, ํฌ๊ด„์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—†๋Š”๋ณ‘์›, ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์‹ฌ๋ณ‘์› ๋ฅผ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ, ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์™€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ฌธํ—Œ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ Pubmed ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ˜น์€ํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ถ•์†Œ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋†’์•„์ฃผ์ œ์–ด๋กœ nursing ๋˜๋Š” nurse staffing ๋˜๋Š” nurse ์™€ Korea ๋ฅผ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„“์€๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ œ๋ชฉ๊ณผ์ดˆ๋ก๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ด€๋ จ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ด์™ธ์—์ •๋ถ€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์™€๊ณต๊ณต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฐ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์ ‘์†ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์ธ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋ฌธํ—Œ์€์ค‘๋ณต์„์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์›๋ฌธ์„๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ 2013๋…„์ด์ „์—์‹œํ–‰๋œ๊ณต๋™๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ œ๋„๋“ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ดํ˜„์ทจ์ง€์™€๋‹ค๋ฅธ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜์ œ๋„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์›๋ฌธ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€๊ด€๋ จ๋œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ 1 ์ฐจ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ 5ํŽธ ( ์„์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ ), ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€ 15ํŽธ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” 5ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ๋‹ค์‹œํ™•์ธํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€์žˆ์–ด์ค‘๋ณต๋˜๋Š” 4ํŽธ์„์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€ 2ํŽธ์€ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์ธ์šฉํ•œ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ธ์šฉํ•œ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผํฌํ•จํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 1ํŽธํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์ด๋ฅผ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์ด 18ํŽธ์œผ๋กœํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ 1ํŽธ, ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€ 13ํŽธ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 4ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2ํŽธ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 16ํŽธ์€์–‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์–‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋งŽ์€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 14ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋งŽ์€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (Table 1). 2. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์šด์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” 2013๋…„ 13๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 29๊ฐœ๋ณ‘๋™ 1,423 ๋ณ‘์ƒ์—์„œ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 2015๋…„๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์—์ ์šฉ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด 2016๋…„ 300๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€, 451๊ฐœ๋ณ‘๋™, 18,646๋ณ‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (Table 2). ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„์šด์˜๋ณ‘์›์˜๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š”๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„, ์„œ์šธ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด๋ณ‘์ƒ์˜ 58.2% ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์—๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œ ํ˜•์ค‘์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜๋ณ‘์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์ „์ฒด 54.1% ๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค (Table 3). ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”๋ณ‘๋™๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ธ๋ ฅ์„์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค [10]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ์ง€์‹์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์˜์—ญ์˜ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์ง€๋„๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜์—๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฐํ™˜์ž์˜์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„๋ณด์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…๋ฅ˜์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹œํ–‰๋ณ‘๋™์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์„์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋น„์œจ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค [10]. ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ๋ณ‘์›์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ 1๋ช…์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ตœ์†Œ 5๋ช…๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ตœ๋Œ€ 7๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋‹ด๋‹นํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๋น„์œจ์€ 1:30๊ณผ 1:40 ์ค‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค [10]. ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ๋ณ‘์›์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ Table 1. Location, Type and Subjects in Research on Comprehensive Nursing Service Types Study subject Nurse Patient Policy, environment Total Thesis Quantitative 1 1 Journal Quantitative Qualitative 8 2 2 1 11 2 Organization report Quantitative 3* 2* 1 4 *Two organizational reports were evaluated both patients'and nurses' outcomes. Table 2. Trends for Comprehensive Nursing Service Pilots from 2013 to 2016 Variables 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average increase in rate (%) Number of hospitals 13 28 112 300 194.4 Number of nursing units 29 50 170 451 159.2 Number of beds 1,423 2,363 7,443 18,646 143.9 Source: National Health Insurance Service (2016). 314 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

์›์—๋น„ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ํ›จ์”ฌ๋„“์€๋ฐ, ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 1์ธ๋‹น์ตœ์†Œ 7๋ช…์—์„œ์ตœ๋Œ€ 12๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”์ตœ์†Œ 10๋ช…์—์„œ์ตœ๋Œ€ 16๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋ช…์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋„๋ก๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ 1:25~1:40์˜๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค [10]. ๋˜ํ•œ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ํ™˜์ž์šด์†ก, ์šด๋ฐ˜, ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ณด์กฐ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ์ธ๋ ฅ์„์ตœ๋Œ€ 4๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค (Table 4). ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ทผ๋ฌด์ˆ™๋ จ๋„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ด๋‹นํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋ฐฐ์ •๋ฐ›์•„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์ผ์›์ด๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์™€๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด๋˜์—ˆ๋˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋น„๋ถ€๋‹ด์„์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์—ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ 2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ธฐ์กด์˜์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๋Œ€์‹ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ ๋กœ ์„œ์‹ ์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์€์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž์˜๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  20% ๋ฅผ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ ์šฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ์ค‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ฃŒ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜์ธ๊ฑด๋น„์—์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„์™€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋น„๋“ฑ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ์†Œ์š”๋น„์šฉ์ดํ•ฉ์‚ฐ๋œ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ฑ…๊ฐ€์‚ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š”ํ•ด๋‹น์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ์‹œ์„ค๊ฐœ์„ , ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ๋“ฑ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š”๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋‹ค [10]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ = ์˜ํ•™๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฃŒ + ๋ณ‘์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฃŒ + ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ฃŒ + ์ •์ฑ…๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› 6์ธ์‹ค๊ธฐ์ค€, ํ™˜์ž 1์ธ๋‹น์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘์‹ค 1์ผ์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๋Š” 47,490์› ( ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฃŒ 3๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ค€ ) ์ธ๋ฐ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๋Š”ํ‘œ์ค€๋ฐฐ์น˜ ( ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 1:10, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ 1:30) ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ 106,240 ์›์œผ๋กœ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘์‹ค์—๋น„ํ•ด 123.7%(58,750์› ) ๋”๋†’์€์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค [10]. ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ์‹ค์ œํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์€๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€ Table 3. Distribution of Comprehensive Nursing Service in 2016 Types Categories Total Seoul Gyeonggi Province Gyeongsang Province Jeolla Province Chungcheong Province Jeju and Gangwon Provinces Total Hospitals Units Beds (%) 300 451 18,646 (100.0) 62 104 4,303 (23.1) 89 153 6,547 (35.1) 78 110 4398 (23.6) 33 38 1,447 (7.8) 31 38 1,607 (8.6) 7 8 344 (1.8) Tertiary hospital Hospitals Units Beds (%) 37 49 2,053 (11.0) 11 11 484 7 18 821 9 9 356 5 5 168 4 5 184 1 1 40 General hospital Hospitals Units Beds (%) 142 233 10,093 (54.1) 26 52 2,370 43 83 3,649 35 53 2249 17 21 775 15 17 746 6 7 304 Hospital Hospitals Units Beds (%) 121 169 6,500 (34.9) 25 41 1,449 39 52 2,077 34 48 1793 11 12 504 12 16 677 - - - Source: National Health Insurance Service (2016). Table 4. Criteria for Nurse Staffing Levels Types Registered nurse Staffing level Nurse aid Assistant staff Tertiary hospital 1:5 1:6 / 1:7 1:40 1:30 / 1:40 General hospital 1:7 / 1:8 1:10 / 1:12 Hospital 1:10 1:12 / 1:14 / 1:16 Source: National Health Insurance Service (2016). 1:30 / 1:40 1:25 / 1:30 / 1:40 1:30 / 1:40 1:25 / 1:30 / 1:40 Maximum 4 assistant staff per nursing unit Vol. 23 No. 3, 2017 315

๊น€์ง„ํ˜„ ๊น€์„ฑ์žฌ ๋ฐ•์€ํƒœ๋“ฑ ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ 19,110์› ~25,060์›์œผ๋กœ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์ž…์›์‹œ์˜๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์—๋น„ํ•ด 50.3~62.1%(9.620์› ~15,570์› ) ๋”์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ด์ƒ์Šน๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์„ค๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์„ 1:1๋กœ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1์ผํ‰๊ท  7~8๋งŒ์›, 1:6 ๊ณต๋™๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1์ผํ‰๊ท  2 ๋งŒ 3์ฒœ์›์˜๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€๊ธฐ์กด๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋น„๋ถ€๋‹ด์—๋น„ํ•ด 17~69% ์ •๋„๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€๊ณผ์ •์˜๊ฐœ์„ ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผํ™˜์ž์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€์ด์ง๋ฅ ์˜๊ฐ์†Œ, ํ™˜์ž์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฐ์žฌ์ด์šฉ์˜๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€์š•์ฐฝ, ๋‚™์ƒ๋ฐ๊ฐ์—ผ๋“ฑํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด Table 5์—์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ตฌ์กฐ-๊ณผ์ •-๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ดํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค [23]. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”์ธ๋ ฅ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€๋ณ‘๋™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณผ์ •์ธก๋ฉด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€, 1) ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘๋™์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์€ 1:5~1:7, ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์€ 1:7~1:12, ๋ณ‘์›์€ 1:10~1:16๋กœ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด์ž…์›๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ํฌ๊ฒŒํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค [4,21]. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๊ตฌ 1,000๋ช…๋‹น๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋ฅผํฌ Table 5. Research Results by Structure, Process, and Outcome Variables Categories Key findings Research Structure Nurse staffing Nurse number increased more than twice. [4], [21] Environment Supporting system (ie, bed, computer system, sub-station) improved. [16], [21], [27] Process Nursing time Nursing time per nurse increased 22~59.5 minutes. [4], [21] NHPPD by RN was 3.0 hours. [24] Time for education, nutrition and support care was higher than general ward. [25] Missing care Missing care decreased. [23] Service quality Perceived service quality was higher than general ward. [17] Outcome Patient Satisfaction and revisit intention Safety indicators Patients' satisfaction and revisit intention were higher than general ward. [19], [20] Pressure ulcer OR (vs general ward) was 0.658. Incidence rate was 0.087% (vs 0.178% in general ward). Falls OR (vs general ward) was 0.573. Incidence rate was 0.118% (vs 0.170% in general ward). [4], [21] [4], [21] Infection OR (vs general ward) was 0.229 of urinary tract infection, 0.348 of nosocomial infection and 0.148 of pneumonia. Incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 0.56 per 1000 days (vs 0.90 per 1000 days in general ward). [4], [21] LOS LOS of surgery patient was shorter than general ward[21]. [21] Nurse Satisfaction Job stress Turnover intention No significant difference. Satisfaction increased more than general ward. [14], [16], [17], [18] Several factors caused work stress. [11], [12], [13], [15], [16] NHPPD=Nursing hours per patient day; RN=Registered nurse; OR=Odds ratio; LOS=Length of stay. 316 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

ํ•จํ•จํ™œ๋™๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 5.6๋ช…์œผ๋กœ OECD ํ‰๊ท  9.6๋ช…์—๋น„ํ•ด์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ [3] ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ์ด์ œํ•ด๋‹น๋ณ‘๋™์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด OECD ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ์ธํ•ด๋ณ‘๋™์—์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜์‚ฌ์„ค๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด์—†์–ด์ ธ๋ณ‘์›์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„๋งŽ์ด๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด์ „๋™์นจ๋Œ€, ๋‚™์ƒํŒจ๋“œ, ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฐ์š•์ฐฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šฉํ’ˆ๋“ฑ์ด๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ™˜์ž๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๋ฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋Œ€์‘์„์œ„ํ•ด์ฝœ๋ฒจ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์žฅ๋น„, ์„œ๋ธŒ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜๋“ฑ๋„๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค [16,21]. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์‹œ์„คํ™•์ถฉ๊ณผ์ธ๋ ฅ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ณผ์ •๋˜ํ•œ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2) ๊ณผ์ •์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ์‹์ด, ์ฒด์œ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ํ™˜์ž์‚ฌ์ •์—์žˆ์–ด๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ [24], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์Šค์Šค๋กœ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์ด๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ํ™•์‹ ์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ฑ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค [17]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 1์ธ๋‹น๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ 22~59.5๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  [4,21], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—์˜ํ•œํ™˜์ž 1์ธ๋‹น๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋˜ํ•œ 3.0์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๋†’์€์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค [22]. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œํ–‰์ด์ „์—๋น„ํ•ด๊ต์œก, ์˜์–‘๋ฐ๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ฑ์ด์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ [25], ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. 3) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ์„  (1) ํ™˜์ž์ธก๋ฉด : ํ™˜์ž๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฐ์žฌ์ด์šฉ์˜์‚ฌ, ์•ˆ์ „์ง€ํ‘œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜๊ฐœ์„ ์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ์—๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ [23], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์งˆ์ด๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ํ™˜์ž์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์•„์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์žฌ์ด์šฉ์˜์‚ฌ๋˜ํ•œ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค [4,19-21]. ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์ด์™ธ์—์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒํฐ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์š•์ฐฝ, ๋‚™์ƒ, ๋ณ‘์›๋‚ด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์ง€ํ‘œ๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์š•์ฐฝ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ [4,21], ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 34% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋จ์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค [4]. ๋‚™์ƒ๋˜ํ•œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  [4,21], ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ด์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด์•ฝ 43% ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค [4]. ๊ฐ์—ผ์—์„œ๋„๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์„๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ, ๋ณ‘์›๊ฐ์—ผ, ํ๋ ด๋ชจ๋‘์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค [4,21]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๋น„์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ™˜์ž์˜์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.46์ผ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ™˜์ž์˜์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1.34์ผ๋‹จ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค [21]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ด๋Š”์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์‹œํ–‰์ดˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—…๋Œ€์ƒํ™˜์ž์ค‘์—์„œ๊ฒฝ์ฆํ™˜์ž์˜๋น„์œจ์ด๋†’์•„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜์—๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ถ”ํ›„์„ธ๋ถ€์š”๊ฑด์„๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ถ„์„ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋Œ€์ƒ์„๋„“ํ˜€์ธก์ •๋ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์ดํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์—์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  [1,2], ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜์™€๋น„์šฉ์ด๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์—๋„์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค [26]. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€๋”๋ถˆ์–ด์ „๋ฌธ๊ต์œก์„๋ฐ›์ง€์•Š์€๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋˜๋ชจ๋“ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ด๋‹นํ•จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ž…์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์–‘์  ์งˆ์ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ์—๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฐ๋น„์šฉ๋“ฑ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ์ธก๋ฉด์„์ธก์ •ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํกํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. (2) ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธก๋ฉด : ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ, ์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์ค‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 14ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ฑ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ์ดํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ „์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ์—…๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋“ฑ์ด๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ [14,15,21], ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค [11,12]. ์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜๋˜ํ•œ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์˜ํ•œ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์—†๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค [15,18]. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ™˜์ž์˜์š”๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ์กด์—๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋˜๋ณด์กฐ์—…๋ฌด์˜๊ณผ์ค‘ํ™”๋“ฑ์€์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค [11-13,15]. ์ฆ‰, ์ž…์›์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ์ธํ•ด๊ธฐ์กด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—…๋ฌด์˜๋ฒ”์œ„์™€์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋จ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์•„์ง์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋˜์ง€์•Š์€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์™ธ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์‹์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ํฌํ•จํ•œ๊ฐœ์ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์งง๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋“ฑ [22], ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์˜๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋‚˜์ง๋ฌด๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์€๊ณง์ด์ง์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ด์ง์ดํ›„์ถ”๊ฐ€์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด์ œ๋„์˜์ง€์†์ ์ธ์‹œํ–‰์€๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์งํ•œ์ธ๋ ฅ์„๋ฐ” Vol. 23 No. 3, 2017 317

๊น€์ง„ํ˜„ ๊น€์„ฑ์žฌ ๋ฐ•์€ํƒœ๋“ฑ ๋กœ๋ณด์ถฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ํ•ด๋‹น์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์†Œ์š”๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ต์ฒด๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ์ด์ง€์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์•ˆ์ •๋œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„๊ฐœ์„ ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์  1) ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณผ๋‹คํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š”์ ์ด [11-13,15]. ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ์ด์œ ์ค‘์ฒซ์งธ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋งŽ์ด์ถฉ์›๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒํ™˜์ž์˜์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ๋Œ๋ด„, ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ „๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ดํ›จ์”ฌ๋งŽ์ด๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์ด์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์—…๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€๋†’์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค [11,12,15]. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋ฅผ์ƒ์ฃผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€์•Š๋Š”์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ๊ธฐ์กด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์˜๋ฌด์™€์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„ํ–‰๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”์ ์„์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œํ™˜์ž์˜๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ์š”๊ตฌ, ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋”๋งŽ์€๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์ด๋–จ์–ด์งˆ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ [11,12], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๊ผญํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์œ„์ž„์ด๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋˜ํ•œ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๊ผญ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ด€์ฐฐ, ํˆฌ์•ฝ, ํ˜ธํก, ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ์˜์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์—†๋Š”ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์งˆ๋†’์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„ํ–‰๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…๋ณ„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ๋ถ€๊ธฐ์ค€ ( ์ƒํ–ฅ-ํ‘œ์ค€-ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ) ์ด์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณ‘๋™์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์„ ํƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋กํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋™์ƒํ™ฉ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ์ค€์•ˆ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์€์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค๋”๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์ด๋‚˜๋ณ‘์›์€๋ณ‘์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€๋งค์šฐ๋„“๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ง„๋ฃŒํŠน์„ฑ์—๋”ฐ๋ผํ™˜์ž์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋กํ™˜์ž์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™˜์ž์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋งŒ์ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์—†๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธํ™˜์ž์ด์†ก, ๊ฒ€์ฒด์šด๋ฐ˜, ํ˜ธ์ถœ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„๋‚˜๋ณ‘๋™์˜์ œ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์€์‹ค์ œ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์—์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ ์น˜๋Š”์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค [11,27]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์„๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ• ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”์˜๋ฃŒํ˜„์žฅ์—๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ดํƒˆ๋งŒ์„์ด‰์ง„ํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€๋˜ํ•œ์‹ค๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ์ธก๋ฉด์ด์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€ 1:25~1:40 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์‹ค์ œ๋ณ‘๋™๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ๊ณ ๋ คํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณ‘๋™์— 1๋ช…์ด๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋™์ „์ฒดํ™˜์ž์˜๊ธฐ๋ณธ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ์ด๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ํ™˜์ž์˜๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ๋งŽ์ด๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•œ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—…๋ฌด์—์น˜์ค‘๋จ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด์†Œ์ง„์„๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค [11,12]. ์ฆ‰, ํ™˜์ž๊ด€์ฐฐ, ํˆฌ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ํ˜ธํก๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์ด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€๋น ์ง์—†์ด์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ๋„๋งค์šฐ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ณ‘๋™์˜์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ๋„์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ์ด์ž˜๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ง€์ง€์•Š์€์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋‘์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์ง๋ฌด๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์›์ธ์ด๋ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ณ‘๋™์šด์˜์—์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€์•Š์€๋ณ‘๋™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋˜ํ•œ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ง€์ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค [11,27]. ๊ธฐ์กด์ž…์›์‹ค์€๋ณ‘๋™์—์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ดํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ณ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ์ฒ˜์น˜์‹ค, ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์‹ค, ๋ฐฐ์„ ์‹ค์ด๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š”๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋ณ‘์‹ค์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์‹œ์„ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์ด๋™์„ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ด๋™์ด์žฆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌดํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋”ํฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ํ• ์ˆ˜์—†๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์‰ฌ์šด๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์‹œ์„ค์ด๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ด๋™์„๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๊ด€์ฐฐํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์„์ง€ํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. 2) ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ์—ญํ• ๋ถ„๋‹ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญํ• ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณผ์œ„์ž„๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€๋งค์šฐ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ•˜์—์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”ํญ๋„“์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œํฌ๊ด„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘์›, ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—†๋Š”๋ณ‘์‹ค์šด์˜์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜๊ฒฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ 79% ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€์ œ๋„์ด์ง€๋งŒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด 318 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

๋œ๋‹ค ๋ผ๊ณ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค [14]. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์กฐ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€์–‘์˜์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ๋Š”์Œ์˜์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ• ๋•Œ์ด์ œ๋„์˜์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์กฐ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญํ• ๊ณผ์—…๋ฌด๋ฒ”์œ„๊ทœ์ •์ด๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉดํŒ€์›Œํฌ๋‚˜์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€์–ด๋ฆฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ”์™€๊ฐ™์ด [9], ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œํŒ€๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์—ฐ๋ น์ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ๋ ฅ์—๋น„ํ•ด๋‚ฎ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ดํŒ€๋ฆฌ๋”์˜์—ญํ• ์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๊ฐ์ง์ข…๋ณ„์—…๋ฌด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์—†์„๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์ข…๊ฐ„์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜์›์ธ์ด๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์„์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์žฅ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์š”์ธ์ด๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ณ‘์›์ค‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ๊ฐœ๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์—…๋ฌด์˜์œ„์ž„์ •๋„๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ [21], ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•œ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ์ธํ•ด์‹ค์ œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์—…๋ฌด๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š”์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์—…๋ฌด์ค‘์œ„์ž„์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์˜ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š”๋ณ‘๋™์˜์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„์ž„์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์ง์ข…๋ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํ™˜์ž์™€๋ณ‘์›ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์—…๋ฌด๋ฒ”์œ„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œํ‘œ์ค€์ด์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 3) ๋ฏธํกํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐ์ฑ…์ž„์˜์ •๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์•„์งˆ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ํˆฌ์ž…์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋‹น๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”๊ธฐ์ „์ด์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘๋™์—๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—…๋ฌด๊นŒ์ง€์ ์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•จ์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜์ธ์ •์ด๋ฏธํกํ•˜์—ฌ [11], ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์˜คํžˆ๋ ค์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค [11,12]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ด€์ฐฐ๋ฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ์—…๋ฌด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€๋†’์€๋ฐ, ์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ์ธ์ •๊นŒ์ง€๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™๊ณผํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ณ‘๋™์„ํ•จ๊ป˜์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ณ‘์›์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๋ ฅํ™•๋ณด์˜์–ด๋ ค์›€์„๊ฒช์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์ˆ˜์ต์—๋งŒ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜์ฃผ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ์‘๋‹นํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜๊ณ„์†๊ทผ๋ฌด์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์–ด๋ ค์šธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 4) ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „๋ฐํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฏธํก๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ œ๋„์˜๊ถ๊ทน์ ๋ชฉ์ ์€์‚ฌํšŒ์•ˆ์ „๋ง๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผํ•จ๊ป˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์งˆ์„๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์„ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์ง์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋งŽ์ง€์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ดํ›„์ผ๋ถ€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ๋‚™์ƒ, ์š•์ฐฝ, ๋ณ‘์›๊ฐ์—ผ๋“ฑ์˜์•ˆ์ „์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ [4,21] ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์˜ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „๋ฐํ™˜์ž๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์—†๋Š”์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€๊ตญ์™ธ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ, ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ, ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€์ถœํ˜ˆ, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์‡ผํฌ, ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , ์†Œ์ƒ์‹คํŒจ๋“ฑ [28] ์„๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ , ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋„์ž…๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ€๋กœ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต์„ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ํ™˜์ž 1์ธ๋‹น 1์ผ์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๋Š”์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘์‹ค์ž…์›๋ฃŒ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ณ ์šฉ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜๋น„์šฉ์ด๋†’์€๋Œ€ํ˜•๋ณ‘์›์€์šด์˜์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์ด์ต์ด์—†์„์ˆ˜๋„์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜์ž„๊ธˆ์ด์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ๋ณ‘์›์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘๋™์šด์˜์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜์ต์ดํฌ๊ฒŒ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋†’๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ต์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์ž…์›์ด์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋Š”๋“ฑ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์šด์˜์ด๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ์šด์˜๋ชฉ์ ์—๋งž๊ฒŒ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ดํ•„์š”ํ•œํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์ด์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ž‘๋™๋˜๋„๋กํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด๋ชฉ์ ์—๋งž๋Š”ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 14์ผ์ด๋‚ด๋กœํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ [10], ์‹ค์ œ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ณ‘๋™์—์ž…์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋‹ค์‹œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ณ‘๋™์œผ๋กœ์ž…์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š”์•Š๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „๋ฐํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋”๋ถˆ์–ดํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์šด์˜๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜, ํ™˜์žํŠน์„ฑ๋˜ํ•œํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 5. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1) ๊ทผ๋ฌด์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€์•ž์œผ๋กœ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต์˜ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด์—ฌ๊ฑด์„๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ฌด์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐœ์„ ์„์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๊ฐ๊ด€์ ๋ถ„์„์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์‹ค์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๋จผ์ €, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„์„๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ Vol. 23 No. 3, 2017 319

๊น€์ง„ํ˜„ ๊น€์„ฑ์žฌ ๋ฐ•์€ํƒœ๋“ฑ ์จํ•œ๊ตญํ˜•ํ™˜์ž๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋„๊ตฌ (KPCS-1) ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. KPCS-1์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„์˜์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จํ™œ๋ ฅ์ง•ํ›„, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ์‹œ, ํ˜ธํก์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์œ„์ƒ, ์‹์ด๋“ฑ 12๊ฐ€์ง€์˜์—ญ, 50๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ™œ๋™, 73๊ฐœํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค [29]. ํ™˜์ž์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฐ€๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”์ผ์ƒ๋ณด์กฐ, ๋‚™์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜, ์š•์ฐฝ์œ„ํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ์‹œ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ™์€ํ™˜์ž์ด๋™์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค [21]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œํ™˜์ž๊ณ์—๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์„ํ•˜๋Š”์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—†๋Š”์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์ƒํ™ฉ์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์ด๋†’์€๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋จผ์ €์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœํ˜„์‹ค์„๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ œ์‹œ๋ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ํ˜„์‹ค์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฐ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์„์ธก์ •ํ• ๋•Œ, ์ „์ฒด์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์˜์—…๋ฌด, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ง€์›์—…๋ฌด์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€, ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋ชจ๋‘๋ณ‘๋™์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ง์ข…๊ฐ„์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋‘์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ด๋ฅผ๋ชจ๋‘๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋˜ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๋ชจ๋‘๊ด€์ฐฐํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์—์„œ๊ธฐ๋ก, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„๋ชจ๋‘์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ์ ‘๊ทผํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋™์„ ๋“ฑ์ดํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์—ํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์„์ง€ํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2) ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด๋ฒ”์œ„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ๋ถ„์„๋ฐ๊ต์œก๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ๋ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€์•Š์Œ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ธฐ์กด์ž…์›๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—์„œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—…๋ฌด, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ณด์กฐ์—…๋ฌด์™€์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์ œ๋„์—์„œ์˜์—…๋ฌด๋Š”์ƒ์ดํ•œํŒจํ„ด์„๊ฐ€์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์—์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ™˜์ž์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋„์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์–ด๋–ค์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์š”๊ตฌํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์ง€์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ํ™˜์ž์˜๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์ด์–ด์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง๋ฌด์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š”๋”์ปค์งˆ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์ž…์›์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜์—ฌํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ต์œกํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋™ ์‹œ์—ํ•ด๋‹น์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์–ด๋–ค์ง์ข…์ด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ, ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ฑํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง์ข…์ดํ•จ๊ป˜ํŒ€์„์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ง์ข…๋ณ„์—…๋ฌด์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์ผ์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด๋–จ์–ด์งˆ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ™˜์ž์•ˆ์ „์˜๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œํ™˜์ž๋ณ„๋กœ์ œ๊ณตํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž…์›์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅผํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ต์œกํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์ง์ข…๊ฐ„์—์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์—…๋ฌด๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ์ƒํ˜ธ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์—…๋ฌด์˜๋ˆ„๋ฝ์—†์ดํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋กํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ‘๋™์—๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”์ง€์ ์€๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์—๋น„ํ•ด๋ณด์ƒ์„๋ฐ›์ง€๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๊ทผ๋ณธ์›์ธ์€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ์ธ๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์—๋น„ํ•ด๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณด์ƒ์ด์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€๋Š”์•Š์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๋Š”ํ•ด๋‹น๋ณ‘๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณผ๋„ํ•œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œํ•ด๋‹น๋ณ‘๋™๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ถ€์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”๋ณด์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ์ž…์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์—๋งž๋Š”๊ณ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์ด์–ด์ ธ์ ์ •๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„์œ ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์ง€๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 4) ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์ด์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์ง€๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋กํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค์šด์˜์ธ๋ ฅ, ์‹œ์„ค๋“ฑ์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ์ธก๋ฉด์ด์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ์ž˜์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€๋น ์ง์—†์ด์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์‚ฌ์—…์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ์ˆ˜์ค€์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์ ๊ฒ€ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜์‹œ์„ค์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ๋ ฅ์„์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜์ดํƒˆ๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€์„œ๋น„์Šค์ค‘๊ฐ„์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ด๋ฅผ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์‹ค์ œ๋กœํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์‹œ์„ค์„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜, ํ™˜์žํŠน์„ฑ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ํ†ตํ•ดํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์ ์šฉ์„๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—ํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ชป์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ์ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์žฌ์›์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ํ‘œ์ค‘ 320 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š”์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€, ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋“ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ์•ˆ์ •๋œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์„์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋กํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ์ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด์‹œ์ž‘๋œ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ๊ฐœ์„ค๊ธฐ๊ด€์ˆ˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฐ„๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์งˆ๋†’์€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ž๋Š”๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜์ทจ์ง€์—๋งž๊ฒŒ์ž˜์šด์˜๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋กํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜์˜จ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ๋ณด์™„ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ธ์ •์ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ธ์ œ๋„๋กœํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์ž…์›์ฒด๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๋Š”์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜์ž…์›ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์–‘์งˆ์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ํ™˜์ž๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด์ œ๋„๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ฒŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ตฌ์กฐ์—ฌ์•ผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ, ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ์˜๊ทผ๋ฌดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์žฌ์›์ด๊ธฐ์กด์ž…์›์—๋น„ํ•ด์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ดํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์šด์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 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