국방분야민간인력활용방향 국방분야민간인력활용방향 백재옥 *, 정희원 ** 1) Ⅰ. 개요 Ⅱ. 한국국방분야의민간인력현황분석 Ⅲ. 미국의국방분야민간인력현황분석 Ⅳ. 한국국방분야의민간인력활용방향 Ⅴ. 결론 Abstract Policy Direction for the Use

국방분야민간인력활용방향 국방분야민간인력활용방향 백재옥 *, 정희원 ** 1) Ⅰ. 개요 Ⅱ. 한국국방분야의민간인력현황분석 Ⅲ. 미국의국방분야민간인력현황분석 Ⅳ. 한국국방분야의민간인력활용방향 Ⅴ. 결론 Abstract Policy Direction for the Use of Civilian Workforce in the Defense Sector The policy direction for the use of civilian workforce in the ROK defense sector is suggested in the National Defense Reform Act Chapter 3 Article 13 and its enforcement ordinance Article 8. This article shows the current status regarding the employment of civilian workforce in the ROK defense sector, presents lessons learned from the US case, and suggests ideas to use more civilian workforce in the ROK defense sector. The US defense sector manages civilian workforce more comprehensively and is provided with services more systematically by drawing up inventories of contracted services. The ROK defense sector should establish a comprehensive workforce management system and encourage employment of civilians with more detailed plan in accordance with military reorganization plan. Key Words : defense sector, civilian workforce, workforce management 2016~2020 (KDI, 2016). *,, whitejo@kida.re.kr **,, hwchung@kida.re.kr

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국방분야민간인력활용방향,,.,... Ⅱ. 한국국방분야의민간인력현황분석 1. 민간인력현황 가. 군무원및민간근로자 2016 26,482 ( ) 4.2%. 22,274, 4,164. 2015 1 4,874, 2016 4.1% 1 5,491.. 1) 2015 5,983 1).,,.. 143

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국방분야민간인력활용방향 297. 7) 2017~2021 2016 110 1 2020 50 1. < 표 2> 민간조리원운영인원및예산 ( 단위 : 명 / 억원 ) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1,373 1,473 1,547 1,586 1,721 1,767 1,841 187 100 74 39 135 46 74 185 210 234 235 264 297 338,, BCTP/,, 5 (, 2016, p. 78), 2016 566 470, 78, 18. 8) 2017~2021. < 표 3> 예비역전문관추이와 2017~2021국방중기계획의확대계획 ( 단위 : 명 / 억원 ) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 552 566 566 568 648 665 680 697 702 3,392 166 160 153 162 - - - - - -, 2014 850 (900 850, 2015. 2.)., (, 2016b, p. 366). 7) 1,191,600 ( 15 ) 1,288,120 ( 16, 8.1% ). 8) 13.. 147

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국방분야민간인력활용방향. 2009 (2009~2020), (, ). 2010., (,, /, ). 2013,. 10),,. ( ),, ( ). 2013 2014 2018, 20. 2014 2015 2019 20 17 ( 9, 8 ). 2015 2016 2020. 2016 2020 1, 2, 3. (). (, 10),. 149

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ), ),. (6 ) < 표 5> 2016 2020 민간개방추진과제 : (5 ) 2016 2020 2020 2,743. < 5>, 2017~2021 (, ). 2016 (, ). GOP 11, 2/6/, 9, 10, ( ), ( ). 2017~2021 2017 12. ( ).,,,. 150

국방분야민간인력활용방향... /. 11) < 표 6> 부대관리민간위탁계획 (2017~2021 국방중기계획 ) ( 단위 : 부대 ) 2016 2017 2021 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 12 9 12 12 12 12 12 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% : 12 1 (12, 13, 18, 31 ), 2 (15, 16 ), 3 (10, 11 ), 5 (51, 52, 53, 32 ). Ⅲ. 미국의국방분야민간인력현황분석 1. 민간인력현황 가. 민간인력 (civilian workforce) < 7> 756,863 (2015 ), 26%. FTE(Full-time Equivalent, ) 11),,. 17. 151

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ). FTE ( 8).,. FTE (contractor workforce). 구분 < 표 7> 2012~2017 회계연도미국국방분야인력정원추이 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 ( ) 1,382,345-1.2% 1,338,184-3.2% 1,314,110-1.8% 1,301,300-1.0% 1,281,900-1.5% ( ) 834,651-0.7% 824,378-1.2% 819,062-0.6% 811,000-1.0% 801,200-1.2% (FTE) 772,741-3.4% 756,086-2.2% 756,863 0.1% 769,778 1.7% 763,774-0.8% 448,447-3.1% 505,071 12.6% 498,333-1.3% 507,841 1.9% 502,645-1.0% 324,294-3.8% 251,015-22.6% 258,530 3.0% 261,937 1.3% 261,774-0.1% :. : Financial Summary Tables-Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2017; for Fiscal Year 2016; for Fiscal Year 2015; for Fiscal Year 2014. (http://comptroller.defense.gov) 2013~2018 (FY2013~2018 DoD Strategic Workforce Plan report) 2012 (Functional Communities) 22 (Mission Critical Occupations) 32, 93% (DoD, 2016c, p. ⅳ). < 8>,. 12) 12) DoD(2016c). 152

국방분야민간인력활용방향 ( ) ( ) 7 ( ) 10 1-5 - 20 2 1102-1910- 0840-0854- 0855-0346- 2010-2130- (traffic) 2003-(supply) 1670-2150-(transportation) 2001- (supply) 2101-0017- 0018-0081- 3 1550-5 - 5-3 0201-2 1811- (Manpower) 4 - (Medical) 6 1-5 - 5 0180-0185- 0602-0610- 0660-0501- 0510-0511- 0560-0.1 0130- (CIO) 6 2210- < 표 8> 기능커뮤니티별임무필수직업식별 () 1 0132-1 0080- (Legal) 1 - (Public Affairs) 0.3 - : DoD FY2013-2018 Strategic Workforce Plan report, pp. iv-viii; pp. 3-4. 153

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ) 나. 서비스계약인력 (contracted services),... (obligation) 2010 2,180 2014 1,560, 2010 51% 2014 55%. 2010~2014 (GAO, 2016, pp. 13-14). 2015 1,443, 53% (Defense Acquisition University Alumni Association, 2016, p. 2).,,,,,,,,, (Department of Defense Instruction 5000.74, 2016, p. 14, Figure 2). < 표 9> 2015 회계연도서비스유형별서비스계약지출금액 ( 단위 : 억달러 / %) 232 329 44 164 146 126 64 231 107 16 23 3 11 10 9 4 16 8 : DoD Instruction 5000.74: Defense Acquisition of Services, Hot Topics, 18 March 2016, p. 2.,, 55%. 13) 154

국방분야민간인력활용방향 2. 민간인력활용정책방향 가. 민간인력관련정책 U.S. Code Title 10 Section 115 (Defense Manpower Requirement Report) (Strategic Workforce Plan report). 5,, (Lewis et al., 2016, p. 8). - - (GAO, 2013, p. 10). Department of Defense(DoD) Fiscal Years(FY) 2013-2018 Strategic Workforce Plan., 3,,. (Defense Human Resource Board, DHRB), (Strategic Human Capital Management Executive Steering Committee, SHCM ESC), (Functional Community Advisory Group, FCAG) (DoD, 2016c, pp. ii~iii).,, < 10>. 13),,,,,,,,,, /,,,,, (utilities), (housekeeping), (GAO, 2016, pp. 6-7; p. 14). 155

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ) < 표 10> 3 계층거버넌스구조 1. Defense Human Resources Board (DHRB) ( ) :,,, ;, ; : OSD // : USD(P&R) : 2. Strategic Human Capital Management Executive Steering Committee (SHCM ESC) ( ) :,, : OSD (Functional Community Managers) : DASD(CPP) : 3. Functional Community Advisory Group (FCAG) ( ) : ; : OSD (FCM Action Officers) (Component Strategic Human Capital Management Integrators) : DCPAS Strategic Human Capital Planning Office : : DoD FY2013-2018 Strategic Workforce Plan report, Reference 4: Department of Defense Strategic Human Capital Management Governance Structure. (mission critical occupation),, Chief Human Capital Officer(CHCO).. - - - - (DoD, 2016c, pp. 2-3). 156

국방분야민간인력활용방향 나. 계약인력관련정책 2001,. US Code Title 10 Section 2330.,. 2010 11 (Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy) (director),, (GAO, 2016, pp. 5-6). 2016 1 5 Department of Defense Instruction 5000.74. Department of Defense Directive 5134.01,,,. (Functional Domain Experts) (Component Level Leads). (Federal Acquisition Regulation),. US Code Title 10 Section 2463 (Department of Defense Instruction 5000.74, pp. 3-4)., (Services Requirements Review Boards) (Senior Services Manager). 157

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ) 1 (Mission Need), 2 (Workforce Analysis), 3 (Strategic Alignment), 4, 5 (priority), 6 (market research)., (Department of Defense Instruction 5000.74, pp. 3, 18, 23). 3. 정책적시사점 가. 포괄적 종합적인력관리 (military personnel), (civilian workforce), (contractor workforce). U.S. Code Title 10 Section 129(a) (). 129(b) (Lewis et al, 2016, p. 8). (). (Military Essential), (Inherently Governmental), (Commercial Activity). 14). Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act, 14),,,,, (GAO, 2013, p. 10). 158

국방분야민간인력활용방향. OMB Circular A-76, OFPP Policy Letter 11-01. OBM Circular A-76,,, (recurring). OFPP Policy Letter 11-01. - -.,... 나. 서비스계약목록 (Inventory of Contracted Services) 의작성및활용 US Code Title 10 Section 2330a (inventory of contracted services). Section 2330a, () Section 2463 (,, ) (GAO, 2013, pp. 10-11). 159

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ) Section 2330a < 11>. (Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy) (www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/cpic/cp/acquisition_of_ services_policy.html).. 1 (Comptroller), 2 (USD for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics), 3 (USD for Personnel and Readiness),,... FTE FTE..,. Contractor Manpower Reporting Application(CMRA),. 160

국방분야민간인력활용방향 < 표 11> 10 U.S.C. 2330a 에서요구하는정보 2330a (a) (b) () 1., 2., (arrangement) 3.,, (arrangement) 1 2. () (More than one offer?) 1. 2. / 3. 2330a (c) (Funding source by appropriation) (Funding source by operating agency) FTE : Guidance for the submission and review of the Fiscal Year 2015 Inventory of Contracted Services, Attachment 3. Ⅳ. 한국국방분야의민간인력활용방향 1. 총체적인력관리체계구축 (). -. < 161

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ) 1> (total workforce management).,,. < 그림 1> 총체적인력관리개념도,.,. < 1> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6., ( ).., (+ )., (+ )..,. 162

국방분야민간인력활용방향.,,.. 15),.,, (outsourcing).,,.,.,. 16).,,., 15) 2017 8 14 PX 949 2,349, 506 916.. (2017. 8. 14.).,. 16). 163

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ). 2. 병력구조개편과연계한민간인력활용방향구체화 2.0. 50, 18....... < 12>. 2006 1.4.... < 표 12> 육군부사관비중변화 ( 단위 : %) 2008 2011 2014 38.1% 37.1 37.8 28.3% 28.8 29.0 11.2% 11.3 9.7 164

국방분야민간인력활용방향.. 1, 2, 3.,,., ( ).. < 13> 2015 () 11.3 14.1%( 12.5%) (, 2015). < 표 13> 인력배합관점의인력유형별활용기준 ( 안 ),, :. (2015)... 165

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 ),.. (, ).,.. (2017).,,. Ⅴ. 결론. 50...,,.,. (mission critical occupation) 166

국방분야민간인력활용방향.. 3. FTE(Full-time Equivalent).. 2.0 50,.,... 논문접수 : 2017 5 31 논문수정 : 2017 10 2 게재확정 : 2017 10 11 참고문헌. (2013). 14 18.. (2014). 15 19.. (2015). 16 20.. (2016)a. 17~ 21.. (2016)b... (2015).... (2016a.). 2016 2020 :... (2016b). 10 167

국방정책연구제 33 권제 3 호 2017 년가을 ( 통권제 117 호 )... (2017).. 1667... (2016)... (2017. 8. 14.).,.. (2017. 9. 29.)., PX. Congressional Budget Office(CBO). (2015.12). Replacing Military Personnel in Support Positions with Civilian Employees. Defense Acquisition University Alumni Association. (2016). DoD Instruction 5000.74: Defense Acquisition of Services, Hot Topics, 18 March 2016, PPT Slides(www.dauaa.org/web2011/PDFiles/DoDHotTopicSlide.pdf). Department of Defense. (2013). Financial Summary Tables-Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2014. (http://comptroller.defense.gov). (2014). Financial Summary Tables-Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2015.. (2015). Financial Summary Tables-Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2016.. (2016a). Department of Defense Instruction 5000.74(January 5, 2016).. (2016b). Financial Summary Tables-Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2017.. (2016c). Fiscal years 2013-2018 Strategic Workforce Plan report.(http://dcips.dtic.mil/documents/swpwholereport.cdv2.pdf). Government Accountability Office(GAO). (2013). Additional Steps needed to Help Determine the Right Size and Composition of DoD s Total Workforce. May 2013. GAO-13-470.. (2016). Improved Use of Available Data Needed to Better Manage and Forecast Service Contract Requirements. February 2016. GAO-16-119 Jennifer Lamping Lewis et al..(2016). U.S. Department of Defense Experiences with 168

국방분야민간인력활용방향 Substituting Government Employees for Military Personnel. RAND. Office of the secretary of defense. (2016). Guidance for the submission and review of the Fiscal Year 2015 Inventory of Contracted Services(Memorandum). Mar 25 2016. 169