2014 년도한국철도학회추계학술대회논문집 KSR2014A188 우리나라관광특구의접근교통체계에관한조사연구 A research study on access transport systems of special tourism zones in Korea 김수정 *, 문대섭 Su Jeong Kim *, Dae Seop Moon Abstract The tourism zones, first introduced in 1994 is designated at 28 places on 13 cities or provinces, but because the lack of substantial assistance benefits and institutional effectiveness, there is a need of role of policy implementer on local government and reinforcement of role of regional tourism council, tourism zones development plan which reflected the characteristics of the tourism zones. This paper analyzed the access transport systems about chosen from the special tourism zones large impact through long distance. And the purpose of this paper is to present the development direction about access transport systems. Keywords : Railway, Tourism, Access transport, Special tourism zone, Car Sharing 초록 94 년해운대 유성 제주도 설악산 경주등 5 개지역에처음도입된관광특구는현재전국적으로 13 개시도에 28 개소가지정되어있으나, 실질적인지원혜택및제도적실효성이미흡하여지방정부의적합한대응전략으로지방정부의정책실행자로서의역할과지역관광협의체의역할강화, 관광특구의특성을반영한관광특구진흥계획수립의필요성이부각되고있다. 본연구에서는현재까지지정된관광특구중에서중장거리교통체계를통한파급효과가큰지역을선택하여이에대한접근교통체계를분석하고향후개발방향을제시하는데목적이있다. 주요어 : 철도, 관광, 접근교통, 관광특구, 카셰어링 1. 서론관광특구는외국인관광객의방문이집중하는지역의관광산업을전략적으로육성하기위한방안의하나로 1990년관광종합진흥대책을수립하고이의일환으로 1993년에도입한제도이다 [1]. 2013년외래관광객실태조사중외래관광객의국내대중교통만족도조사결과에따르면 4.13점 (5점만점기준 ) 으로대다수의외래관광객이국내대중교통이용에만족하고있다 [2]. 하지만대중교통을이용하여관광특구에접근하는외국인관광객을위한관광특구로의접근교통체계에대한분석연구는미진하다. 따라서본논문에서는각지 자체별로지정된관광특구에대한접근교통체계, 특히철도를이용하여접근할수있는방법을조사하고문제점해결을토대로한관광특구의개발방향을제시하고자한다. 교신저자 : 한국철도기술연구원녹색교통물류시스템공학연구소 (dsmoon@krri.re.kr) * 과학기술연합대학원대학교 ITS 및교통물류시스템전공 (ksjses226@krri.re.kr)
2. 관광특구의접근교통체계에대한이론적고찰 2.1 관광특구의개념및지정현황 2.1.1 관광특구의개념관광진흥법제2조 11항에의하면관광특구는외국인관광객의유치촉진등을위하여관광활동과관련된관계법령의적용이배제되거나완화되는지역을말한다. 관광특구는관광지또는외국인관광객이주로이용하는지역중에서시 도지사의신청에의하여문화체육관광부장관이지정하며, 시 도지사는관할구역내관광특구를방문하는외국인관광객의유치촉진등을위해관광특구진흥계획을수립 시행할수있다 ( 관광진흥법제67조, 제68조 ). 2.1.2 관광특구의지정현황관광특구는전국 13개시 도에 28개소가지정되어있고그기능별특성에따라주요관광자원을중심으로도시형, 수변형, 온천형, 산악형, 문화형, 복합형으로구분할수있다 [3]. 각구분의특성을살펴보면도시형은전통재래시장및쇼핑업, 서비스업에특화되어있고주변지역과연계하여관광루트를개발하는형태이다. 수변형의경우, 해안가를중심으로형성된관광특구로, 해수욕에특화되어있다. 문화형관광특구의대표적인사례인경주는신라시대의다양한유적지를보유하고있고또한경주보문단지는전지역이온천지구및관광특구로지정되어있으며국제적규모의호텔, 골프장, 각종수상시설, 산책로, 보문호등수많은위락시설을갖추고있는종합관광휴양지이다 [4]. Table 1. Status of designation of special tourism zones Division Name of special tourism zones Date of designation Urban Waterside Hot Springs Seoul Gyeonggi Myeongdong Namdaemun Bukchan Area (km 2 ) Major tourism resources 2000.03.30 0.87 Myeongdong, Namdaemun market Itaewon 1997.09.25 0.38 Itaewon nearby shops Dongdaemoon Fashion Town 2002.05.23 0.58 Dongdaemun market, shopping street Jongno Cheonggye 2006.03.22 0.54 Gwangwhamun Square Jamsil 2012.03.15 2.31 Lotte World, Seokchon Lake Dongducheon 1997.01.18 0.39 Bosandong nearby shops Pyeongtaek Songtan 1997.05.30 0.49 Seojeongdong cultural street Busan Haeundae 1994.08.31 6.22 Haeundae beaches, Centum city Incheon Wolmi 2001.06.26 3.00 Wolmi-do cultural street, China town Chungnam Boryeong 1997.01.18 2.52 Daecheon beaches, Muchangpo Gyeongnam Mireuk-do 1997.01.18 32.90 Hallyeo marine national park Jeonnam Mokpo 207.09.28 6.89 Natural history Museum Daegeon Yuseong 1994.08.31 5.86 Yuseong Hot springs, Expo science park Chungbuk Suanbo Hot Springs 1997.01.18 9.22 Suanbo Hot Springs, Ski resort Chungnam Asan Hot Springs 1997.01.18 3.71 Dogo Asan Onyang Hot springs Gyeongbuk Baegam Hot Springs 1997.0118 1.74 Baegam Hot Springs Gyeongnam Bugok Hot Springs 1997.01.18 4.82 Bugok Hot Springs, Bugok Hawaii
Mountain Culture Gangwon Chungbuk Jeonbuk Seorak 1994.08.31 138.10 Seorak national park Daegwanryeong 1997.01.18 428.26 Sheep farm, Jumunjin beaches Songnisan 1997.01.18 43.75 Songnisan national park Danyang 2005.12.30 4.45 Dodamsambong, Stone gate Muju Gucheondong 1997.01.18 7.61 Deokyu national park Jeongeup Naejangsan 1997.01.18 3.45 Naejang national park Jeonnam Gurye 1997.01.18 78.02 Jiri national park, Hwaeomsa Gyeongbuk Mungyeong 2010.01.18 1.85 Mungyeongsaejae Gyeongbuk Gyeongju 1994.08.31 32.65 Bomun Tourist complex Busan Yongdusan Jagalchi 2008.05.14 1.08 Yongdusan park, Jagalchi market Complex Jeju Jeju-do 1994.08.31 1,809.5 Halla national park, all areas of Jeju 2.2 관광특구의접근교통체계분석 28개의관광특구중서울을기준으로대중교통수단으로접근이편리한관광특구를선발하여수단별, 소요시간및비용을토대로비교분석하였다. 2.2.1 버스이용이편리한관광특구버스이용으로접근이편리한대표적인관광특구에는부산해운대관광특구와충주수안보온천관광특구가있다. 철도를이용했을경우보다약 1시간가량더빠르게관광특구에접근이가능하고, 터미널에서하차후타교통수단으로환승할필요가없어철도에비해접근성이뛰어나다고할수있다. Table 2. Access transport to Busan Haeundae and Chungju Suanbo Hot Springs special tourism zones Name of special tourism zones Busan Haeundae Chungju Suanbo Hot Springs Transport By Bus By train By car Total travel time/expenses Access transport Total travel time/expenses Access transport about 5hrs 40mins/ 25,500 about 6hrs 30mins/ 30,600 about 5hrs 20mins/ 86,000 East Seoul bus terminal Haeundae Intercuty bus terminal Work to Haeundae about 10mins Seoul station Haeundae station by Mugungwha On board the bus no.139 for about 30 mins and get off at the Haeundae beach stop Tolls 26,000 Oil Costs about 60,000 Yongdong Highway Central inland Highway Gyeongbu Highway Daegu-Busan Highway about 2hrs 36mins / about 11,800 about 3hrs 45mins / about 14,750 about 2hrs 15mins/ 30,300 East Seoul bus terminal Suanbo intercity bus terminal Work to Suanbo Hot springs land about 6mins Seoul station Chungju station by Nuriro On board the bus no. 240 at the Chungju station bus stop and get off at the Suanbo bus stop for ablut 1hrs 10mins Work to Suanbo Hot springs land for about 2mins Tolls 8,300 원 Oil about 22,000 Gyeongbu Highway Yongdong Highway Central inland Highway 2.2.2 철도이용이편리한관광특구철도로접근이용이한대표적인관광특구에는대표적으로전남목포관광특구와충남아산시온천관광특구가있다. 목포관광특구는목포해안선주변 6개권역을잇는관광특구로대표적인관광지로는북항, 유달산, 원도심, 삼학도, 갓바위, 평화광장이있으며목포역에서시내버스이용시 15~40분에도착할수있다.
Figure 1. Access transport to Mokpo special tourism zone 1 2.2.3 철도및고속 시외버스모두접근성이뛰어난관광특구부산용두산 자갈치관광특구의경우철도와고속버스모두접근교통체계가뛰어나지만비용측면을제외할경우, 고속버스이용보다철도를이용하는편이효율적이다. Table 3. Access transport to Busan Yongdusan and Jagalchi Name of special tourism zones Transport By train By bus By car Total travel time/ expenses By KTX, about 2hrs 41mins/ 58,600 By ITX, about 5hrs 6mins/ 43,900 By Mugungwha, about 5hrs 30mins/ 29,900 about 5hrs 18mins/ 24,400 about 5hrs 10mins/ 87,100 Busan Yongdusan Jagalchi Access transport Seoul station Busan station by train On board the bus no. 61 at the Busan station bus stop and get off at the Busan Depart bus stop for about 9 mins Work to the Youngdusan park for about 6mins or Jagalchi market for about 15mins Seoul express bus terminal Busan central bus terminal Work to Nopo subway station for about 3mins Nopo subway station to Nampo subway station by subway for about 50mins Work to Yongdusan park for about 8mins or Jagalchi market for about 6mins Yongdong Highway Central inland Highway Gyeongbu Highway Daegu-Busan Highway 1 용산역에서목포역까지 ITX 및무궁화호이용시, 고속버스이용보다접근시간이더오래소요됨 (ITX 약 4시간 50분, 무궁화호약 5시간 17분소요 )
2.3 관광특구접근교통체계의문제점 관광특구로의접근교통체계를분석해본결과, 대부분의관광특구가철도로이용하기에접근성이떨어지고철도비영업지역에위치하고있어철도를이용하기쉽지않다. 대표적으로는경남통영의미륵도, 경북울진군의백암온천과문경관광특구, 전북무주군의구천동관광특구, 전남구례관광특구등이철도이용이불가능한관광특구이다. 산악형특구 ( 특히대관령, 속리산 ) 의경우에도역시철도이용이불가능하고버스터미널에서관광지로의접근교통수단이부재하다. 서울에서대관령으로대중교통을이용하여이동시, 동서울종합터미널에서횡계시외버스터미널까지시외버스이용이가능하지만, 터미널에서대관령양떼목장, 대관령자연휴양림, 대관령박물관과같은관광지로의시내버스이용및도보이동이어렵다. 속리산국립공원으로의접근교통역시서울에서센트럴시티터미널에서속리산터미널로고속버스이용이가능하나, 터미널에서속리산국립공원으로의접근교통이미비한상태이다. 3. 관광특구의접근교통체계개발방향서울관광특구의경우, 전철및시내버스의접근교통이매우편리하고또한서울시티투어버스를이용하면명동, 남대문, 이태원, 청계와같은관광특구는물론서울곳곳의명소를접근하기에용이하다 [5]. 관광특구중가장큰규모를자랑하는제주도관광특구의경우, 도서지역이기에항공또는해상운송수단을이용해야하기에접근성이크게떨어진다. 또한시내및시외버스의운행간격이제주시시내버스 42개노선중 30~60분이내노선이 13개, 60분이상인노선이 14 개로버스이용도쉽지않다. 이에따라제주시에서는버스노선을지하철식노선체계로개편하여노선간기능을간선, 지선, 순환노선으로분담시키고운행간격도간선 5분, 지선 10 분, 순환노선 15분이내로단축시키기위한대중교통정책의필요성이제기되기도하여 [6], 현재버스노선체계를조정하고운행횟수를증차하는등대중교통이용여건개선의노력을진행하고있다. 대표적문화관광특구인경주는곳곳의관광지들이시내버스로연계이동시 30~90분이상소요되기에접근이불편하므로, 경주시티투어버스를이용하거나신경주역에비치되어있는유카 (YOUCAR) 를이용하여관광이가능하다. 또한그린카, 쏘카, 시티카와같은카셰어링서비스2의이용또한관광특구로의접근성을높이는방법중하나이다. 카셰어링의요금은 30분단위로책정되며소형차는 3,150~3,300원, 준중형차는 4,150원, 중형차는 6,000원수준으로접근교통체계가부재한단거리이동에저렴하고보다편리하게이용할수있는서비스이다. 2 자동차를구매하지않고, 언제어디서든필요한시간만큼차량을대여해서이용할수있는서비스로, 교통혼잡완화, 주차난해결, 환경오염의해결대안으로해외 60 여개국에서시행중인경제적이고편리한차량대여서비스를말함 ( 출처 : 그린카홈페이지 )
4. 결론본논문에서는 28개의관광특구중서울을기준으로중장거리에위치해있는관광특구를선별하여버스, 철도로접근이용이한곳에대해중점적으로분석하였다. 분석결과, 총 28 곳의관광특구중철도비영업지역이 10곳 ( 설악, 대관령, 속리산, 무주구천동, 구례, 백암온천, 문경, 부곡온천, 미륵도, 제주도 ) 으로조사되었고, 관광지로연결되는지선교통체계가구축되어있지않아접근성이떨어지는관광특구가대다수였다. 따라서관광특구의접근성확보및대중교통이용관광객을유치하기위해서는시내및마을버스노선의조정, 카셰어링서비스의확대, 나아가신교통수단을도입하는등관광지로의지선교통망구축이필요하다. 참고문헌 [1] Lee Young-ju, Yu Yong-sim (2012), Research institute for Gangwon, Activation of the Special Tourism Zones in Gangwon Province, pp.17, Rearch Institute for Gangwon [2] Korea Culture & Tourism Institute (2014), 2013 International Visitor Survey pp.224 [3] Youngjun Kim (2002), Measures to Improve and Operationally Activate the Special Tourism Zone System, pp.18~19, Korea Culture and Tourism Institute [4] Korea Tourism Organization, Visit Korea, http://visitkorea.or.kr [5] Seoul metropolitan government, Visit Seoul, www.visitseoul.net [6] Lee Seung-rok (2014), All areas in Jeju by city bus, Jejusori, www.jejusori.net