= = = = = - =-=0 0 F ==0 +=0 +F=0 =F ªF F = F =0 F =F = F = 0= x= x= y= y= z= z= x+y+z=++= x y z x+y+z = = ªSS = y` = = (cm) ª 0% 0% P. ªªªF =. =. =. 0 =. F =. =0 = F =. F = 0 F ªF F = =F = x=, y= x=, y= =x x= =y y= x= x= y=0 y= x=y= x= y= =(-x)x x= =y y= =x x= =y y= P. = = ªSS = // =.+ F.= // P.. F.
+ F F P. = = = F = F F = = 0 cm =x cm =(x+)x x=0 =0 cm cm cm x cm = =0(cm) P. 0 x=y= x= cm FF cm 0 x= x= =x(0-x) x= 0 (+)=x x= (+)=y 0 y= x= x= = 0= 0 = (cm) + P. = == cm cm = == = = = _0= (cm ) = = cm = F =F=0 =F = = (cm) ªF F cm =F=0 =F == = ªF ªF = = (cm ) F = cm = = (cm) = = = ªF = F = = = (cm ) (= F )= 0=x x= x= x= = = = = =
0 a' b' a' b' a' b' x=0 x= (x-)=0 x= 0 x= y= x=0 0 (0-x)x= x= 0=y y= =x(-x) x=0 P.,,,,, cm = F = F = (cm) P. // F // cm cm 0 // F // ª = (+)=F F = (cm) F F = = F = = _= (cm),,,,,,,,,, H = =x x= = += P. x H F x=, y= x= ª = =(+)= x= x= y= y= ª = =(+)= x= x= x= x= y= H =x x= G = =x x= =y y= x G H x= x=, y= x=, y= x= 0 0 x=, y= x=, y= =x(-x) x= P. 0
0=x x= 0=y y= G y- x 0 0=x x= F 0=(y-) G y= 0 G =(x-) F x= x- G x OªO O O =O O = =O O = (cm) =OF OF = (cm) F =O +OF = + = (cm) ª = =(+)= x= x= 0 y0= y= FªF F F = F =(+)= 0 x= x= y= y= 0 0 x l l m n m y n 0 SS,,,,, N MN = = _0= =, =0 N =N = =+= =MN =_=0 P. P. =, F = F = +F +F = ( + + ) = _(++0)= MN M cm MN M MN=M M = M, MN=M N M MN MS cm MN M N = = N // N =N N = = _= (cm) =N = cm cm cm F // F =PF =_= (cm)
F F = = (cm) P =F -PF =-= (cm) S P R P SÚ// P SÚ= Q QR // QR = PQRS cm PQ =SR = PS =QR = PQ +QR +RS +SP = + =+= (cm) P. x=y= // MÚN // x= = _0= y= = _= cm cm // MN // MÚQ = = _0= (cm) QN = = _0=0 (cm) MN =MQ +QN =+0= (cm) MP = = _0=0 (cm) PQ =MQ -MP =-0= (cm) cm // MN // MP = = _= (cm) MQ =MP +PQ =+= (cm) =MQ =_= (cm) 0 cm cm cm =MN =_0=0 PQ = = _0=0 PQ + =0+0=0 N // MN MS MN =MÚ = cm = N // N =N =+= (cm) M =N +NM =+= (cm) N NM M = F // F F = =_0=0 (cm) GF = = _0= (cm) G =F -GF =0-= (cm) F // F = = _= (cm) G G = =_= (cm) FG =G -F =-= (cm) P. cm N cm M cm cm // MN // MP = = _= (cm) PN =MN -MP =0-= (cm) =PN =_= (cm) cm cm cm x= y= P. 0
=PQ =_=0 (cm) MN = = _0=(cm) RN =MN -MR =-=(cm) F G G FS G =F G F G = F F cm F = F =F +F =F + F = F = (cm) F = (cm) =F +G =F //F F F =G +G =G G = (cm) y` y` = S PQ =SR = P R P S =QR = Q PQRS = S PQ =SR = P R Q P S =QR = PQRS // PS // QR, P S // PQ // SR PQR=0 Q R 0 PQRS =, S P R PQ =SR =, Q PS =QR = // PS // QR, // PQ // SR SPQ=0 0 PQRS // MÚN // MQ = = _0=0 MÚP =QN =MÚN -MQ =-0= y=mq -MP =0-= x=múp =_= 0 G,,, HF,, P. x= y= x= y= x= = _= G G = y= y= F G = x= x= G G = y= y= =, //F x+y=_= x=_ =, y=_ = x= y=0 x= y= = = x= = _0= G G = y=_ =0 F G G = = = = x= = =_= //F y= = _=
,,,,, 0 cm 0 cm FG= = _0=0 (cm ) G= G= _{ } = = _0=0 (cm ) cm G=G= _= (cm ) =G=_= (cm ) P. cm P = cm, PQ = cm, Q = cm O =O = cm QO = O = _= (cm) =O =_= (cm) P =PQ =Q = = _= (cm) P. cm O =O P Q, P =PO Q =QO =P +PQ +Q =PO +PO +QO +QO =(PO +QO )=PQ =_= (cm) cm O =O P Q PQ =PO +OQ = O + O = (O +O )= = _= (cm) cm O =O P PO= = _{ } = = _= (cm ) P. x= ;%;, y= : º: x=, y= x=, y= cm cm 0 cm G G = = _= G' G x= G = _= y= G = _=: º: G G G M = x= x= M M =MÚ = M y= y= = = = = _= G G G = x= = _= G = = _= F y= y= GHªGF GH GF =G G = F cm GH = H = _= (cm) G FG = GH H cm = _= (cm) F = H = _= (cm) F FG GH == G= = (cm ) = = _=(cm) G= = (cm ) G G
G G' G ' = GG'G'= G= GG'= _= (cm ) =G=_= (cm ) P =PQ =Q PQ= = _{ } = = _0=0 (cm ) ( _)( _)= = ( )( )= = 00 cm 0 cm = = =00 (cm ) = 0 = =0 (cm ) 0 P. 0 = = (_)(_)= = cm F == = F= F= (cm ) O O' = = = ml 0= = cm 0 cm ml VmL V= V=0 0-= (ml) cm OªO = = O= O= (cm ) cm ª = = = = Fª = = = (cm ) = = P. cm 00 m(=0. km) =0. km_ 0000 =0000 cm_ 0000 = cm = cm 0000 = cm_0000 =0000 cm =00 m(=0. km) P. 0m cm cm = = = 0 m 000 cm 000 cm 000 cm = cm_000=000 cm=0 m 000
. m.m m m ª =. = =. (m). m m ª. = =(m) m P., F, : : cm cm cm 0 m = 0= = (cm ) m m x m xm m x=(0+0) (0+0)m m x=0 0 m P. ~ ;#; cm : º: cm cm : : cm cm 0 cm cm cm cm cm ;*; cm cm ª = FªF = = ª = = 0= = (cm ) =-= -0= (cm ) OªO = = OO O O = O h 0 cm cm cm p cm 0 cm, cm, // (+ )=0 = (cm) = // =xy, x=y x= y F x cm =(-x)cm // (-x)=x x= F = cm O=a O=O=a O=a a+a+a+a= a= =a=_= (cm ) a a a O a // = = F // F F = = 0 F = F = (cm)
// F = = cm F PQ =S R = = (cm) P SÚ=QR = = (cm) F = F = PQRS P F //F PQRS =_=(cm) F =P P P P = P = = _= (cm) F F cm F // P = F F = = (cm) F =P =_= (cm) = = =F =_= (cm) (- )= = (cm) // MÚN ªM MÚ = = _= (cm) F =MÚ = cm M = = MÚN // = = _= (cm) =MÚF =_(+)= (cm) 0 ªF F = F = F = F = (cm) = == = = ==_= (cm ) 0=x x= F M =MÚ F =MÚ MÚ = MÚN =MÚ +N =+= F 0 //F // ª = = F = = F = F = (cm) = = (cm ) PQ +QR +PR = + + = _(++)= (cm) M N G F =F G F = =F F = (cm) =F +F =+= (cm) G G = = _= (cm) G'G GÆ G' = G = _= (cm) G G' G ' = GG'G'= G= GG'= _= (cm ) =G=_= (cm ) F =FG H F GF FH = G H GH FG I I G F =FIÚ 0 GH = H = H = _= (cm)
P PMO= = _{ } == = = _= (cm ) Q ONQ= = _{ } = = _= (cm ) =PMO+ONQ =+= (cm ) SSS M, N MQ=MQ =MO=NO MQN=MQ=_= (cm ) P N O M Q = _= (cm ) F F =G G = FF= F= = _= (cm ) F G G = GFGF= GF= F= _= (cm ) F GF 0% ª = = = =(cm ) =-=-=(cm ) xcm 00=x x= p_ =p(cm ) = = = 0 cm 0 cm x cm cm P. 0 m m 0 = = = = cm P. ~ =N =N N = (cm) = M = M M = (cm) MN =N - M =-=0 (cm) N M MN 0% cm cm 0 cm 0 cm Scm cm PQ = cm, Q = cm cm cm cm 0 cm cm pcm 00m 0 m
0 = = ª = = (cm) = = = (cm) = =(+ ) ª = = = (cm) = - =- = (cm) =, = +=0 +=0 ªF ªFª =0 = _ = _0 = (cm) =0 = _ = _ = (cm) ==0 // = = // Q P Q =P Q = Q P Q =P Q = P = P = (cm) F =(+ ) =0 (cm) = S=0, =0S =S (cm ) O = =OF OF = (cm) F =O +OF = + = (cm) // P P == PQ =(+) PQ = (cm) P = Q =Q Q = (cm) OªO O = =O O = (cm) =0 = (cm) = == // = (+)=x x= == = =x // = (-x)=x x= N =N = cm FN FS F =NF = N = (cm) // F F G = F = _= (cm) =F =_= (cm) G = -G =-= (cm) F N
// MÚN // MÚN =MP +PN = + = (x+y)= x+y= M M // N N N =x cm PM = N = x(cm) M M =N =x(cm) M =P +PM x=+ x x= x= N = cm N M x P y N 0% ª = = O x cm O, O HªGK px= x=p G G = H GK = G = (-)(-)= G G =G FGHªG G =GH =_= (cm) =G =_= (cm) FG FG FG (-)(-)= G G=G=G = G F = _= (cm ) =G+GF = G+ G = _+ _ =+= (cm ) P, Q P M =Q N = MN =MN MN = (cm) P M cm Q N G G = GG= G= G= _{ } = = _= (cm ) = = xcm xp= x=p p cm 0 M M = = _= (cm) G =G = G =G ÚG =G G G G = (cm) G G M cm 0 cm 0 cm = = = 00 m 0000 cm 000 000 =000000 = cm _000000=00 m ª =000 =000(cm)=0(m) 0 m
I. P. ~ 0 0 ()() ()()()()()() ()() ()() += 0% P. ~0 0 0 0 0 0 0 =0 0% y` _= +=0 0 _= 0% 0% x= y=ax+ y=-x+b y= a+ y=- +b a+ =- +b a-b=- (ab) () ()() x= += _= 0%
0 = abc (abc) a=0 (00)(0)(0)(0) (0)(00) a=(0)()()() (0) a=(0)()()(0) a=(0)()(0) a=(0)(0) a=(00) +++++= = _= 0% 0% _= _= 0 0 _= 0 _= 0 += 0 0% _ = _=0 0% 0% 0% = = _= y` 0 _ =0 0_=0 0% 0%
_ =0 _ = 0_=0 0% 0 _ =0 =0 0% 0% _= 0% P. a a F a a ++= y` a a a 0% _= _= _= ++= y` 0%
P. ~ _= ()()()()() () = _ = 0% = _ = = - = _= ()() ()()()() _ ()() ()() 0% 0% 0 + = = P. ~ 0 0 0 0 _= = = 0% = 0% 0%
_= ax-y=b y` [ x-y= y` -_(a-)x+0_y=b- a=b+ (ab) ()()()() () ab (ab) 0% 0% y` = 0 0 ( )_= = 0 + = = 0 0 0% = - = = =0 + = ( )_= _=0 b a b a (ab) ()()() ()() 0 b a 0 0% b ()() a 0% + = 0 0 0 b a b a b a _ = 0% 0%
0 _ = _ = _ = + + = y` 0 = = + + = y` 0% 0% ;!;_;!;_{-;!;}=;!; ;!;_{-;!;}_{-;!;}=;!; {-;!;}_;!;_{-;!;}=; ; {-;!;}_{-;!;}_{-;!;}=;@; + + + = = = + + + + + = 0% 0% = + = y` 0% 0%
P. 0% y P. ~ PQR (ab) ()()()()()()() ()()()() _-= PQR= _(a-)_(b-) PQR (ab) () ()()()()()()() ()()()()() PQR (ab) PQR _ = + = 0% 0% 0 = 00 0 0 0 _ = 00 00 0 0 00 _ = 00 00 0 00 0 + = = 00 00 00 0 0%
II. P. ~ cm I +I+I=0 I+I= I I=II=I =0 -(+) =0 -(I+I) =0 -_ = = == = = _ = I+I =+= + = ==0 = RH = = cm = =0 = = cm 0% 0% P. ~ 0 cm cm cm 0 cm p cm cm 0 (0-p)cm = == =0 -( + )= = == =- = - = 0% O O =O =O OOO O= O= O=x 0 _ +_ +x=0 0 +x=0 x= = ==0 =0 +0 =0 = ==0 =0 +0 =0 OOO x 0%
= == F _(0 - )= = =F = F SS =F F+=F+F =0 - =0 - = F=0 - = F =F F F= _(0 - )= ==0 = =0 -= RH = =0 cm = = cm = - =-0= (cm) = _ _ = =0 (cm ) F F F 0 // = = = = = cm = _ _ = = (cm ) ==0 = +=0 +=0 = RH = = cm = = cm = + =+= (cm) = _( + )_ = _(+)_ = (cm ) = _= (cm) p_{ } = p (cm ) O O =O O O=O= =O+O = + = O= =_ = O O I I=I // I=I I=I I =I 0%
0 I I=I // I=I I=I I =I = + + =I =I I = +(I +I )+ =( + )+( + ) = + I=II=I =0+= (cm) I I=0 -(I+I) =0 - =0 - = I=I= I +I+ +I=0 I+I= (+) _(0 - ) 0 XOY=0 O = O O= O =0 +=(0 -I)+(0 -I) I =0 -(I+I) =0 - = I r cm = r(++) 0=r r= I p_ =p(cm ) =- I =0-p(cm ) I+I + =0 -(+) P. O =0 -(0 +0 )=0 O = O O= O =0 O =0 -(0 +0 )=0 =O - O =0 -( + )= I I= = _ = O O O==_ =0 O= =0-0 =0 = =y= ª º=0 O + + +y+ ª º =0 +0 +0 +y+0 =0 +0 (0-0 ) = IO=I-O= - = I O IO =0 y` O = =y= ª º=0 O I 0% 0% 0% O O
O O =O =O OOO O=O= O=O=0 O=O _ +_0 +O=0 0 +O=0 O= O O I I r cm = r(0++)=0r (cm ) 0r cm = = I _0_r=0r (cm ) I _0_r=0r (cm ) I _0_r=0r (cm ) I 0r-(0r+0r+0r)=0r (cm ) 0 cm 0 cm cm I cm 0 cm 0 cm I 0 cm cm 0 cm O 0% P. ~ cm cm F= = F = _0 = F=0 -(0 + )= +=0 =0 -=0-0 =0 F=-F F F F =0 - = OFO O=FO=0 O =O O=FO O FOS O FO O =FO F F =_= (cm) O FO F F = == SS + =0 = F== 0% 0% F
// = =+ P. 0~ 00 cm x=y= 0 cm cm 0 0 0 cm cm +=0 = =0 _ =00 ==00 F=F F=F F F = =0 cm = = cm F =F - =0-= (cm) F F = = F=F y` =FF=F =F =0 - =0 -F=F y` F F F=F F = =x =x x=x+ x= =_+= F _(+)= F x F OOF O=OFO =O x+=x- -x=- x= y-=y+ y= y= =+ =+0= (cm ) x y = 0% 0% 0% O=FO O OFS O OF O=OF =O+OF O OF O=OF =OF+OF =O =0 = =0 -( +0 )= F=F 0% 0% = _00=0 (cm ) F= = _(0 - )= F 0% 0%
= 0 = = = _(0 - )= ==0 H== =0 -(0 +0 )=0 HP P=HP+PH =0 + = ==0 =- =0-0 =0 H P OFO O=FO= O =O O=0 -OF=OF // == cm O FOS //F O FO F = = cm F== cm =F +F =+= (cm) =_= (cm ) // F F=F= cm O FO F 0% 0% F F P = P = P==0 P = P SS P= P PQQ P = Q=+Q =P+Q =-PQ =0 - = PQ=QQ PQ QSS Q=QP=0 -( + )=0 Q Q=0 -(0 +0 )=0 Q // = F=-F =-F F =F F F = FF= F= = _ = = _= (cm ) F=F= cm F=F F F 0% P= Q Q 0% P.
P. ~ O y O O O =O =O ' '''' O '' O ' y '' ' ' O '' ''' 0% O' O' O'O'O' ''' OOF O=OF= O =O O=0-O=OF O OFS O=OF O F O OF 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 F F F // =F F G GG //G =G =++ =F++G =FG 0 0 =F =G 0% 0%
III. P. ~ p cm = r cm r= r= cm p_=p(cm) = = ªSS = 0 = = ª = ª = =(+ ) = ª P. 0~ ª cm 0 -a GPªP 0 cm cm F == F = = = F = F = F = 0% 0% F ªF == F = F = ªHG =(-)= G = G = G = -G =- = F G G 0% H =H=0 ªH H = =(+H ) H = ªH 0% H += =+ = = == ª = = =
= - =- = ª = ª 0% 0% F // F =F ªF F =F =x cmf =(-x) cm F = F (-x)=x x= F = cm ªF F = = ªSS = +=0 -a = +=0 -a ª = +a 0% 0% 0% 0% G = = _= GPP GP=PGP=P GPªP =F =_= G = P P = P = = _= G GPªP P HH H=H=0 H=0 -H=H HªH H =H H = = _ _H = = === HªH H 0% 0% 0% y` = = =+ y` =+ y` +=+ = = == ª = = = - =- = y` HH H=H=0 H=0 -H=H HªH H =H H = M M =M =M = MH =M -H = -= MH = GH GH = y`
HªH H M GH 0% 0% P. x= a y=a 0a+b 0 cm 0 ===0 ª = =0 (cm) =0 cm _ _0=0 = (cm) ª ==F=FG F =F=F=0 ªF == F = FG =FG=GF=0 ªFG FG = F = FG = = _= F FG FG =PH P= PH=P P ` H = = _0=(cm) PH PH=HP==0 ` PHª 0% PH = PH = (cm) H PHª PH 0a=0x x= a 0a=0y y=a xy= aa= a+a+b=a+b a+b+b=a+b a+a+b=a+b _a=a (a+b)=a+b (a+b)+(a+b)+(a+b)+a+(a+b) =0a+b OPOQ x a y a xy OP=OQO OPªOQ O O =00= P cm Q 0 cm OPªOQ Q O P 0% 0% Q
P. ~ x=y= 0 cm 0=x0 x= 0=y y= x y MFM MF=MM =M FM=M MF MS MF M F = = =F =_=0 MF M F GG' G' = G' = GG' = _= G =GG' +G' =+ = G G = =G =_ = G P ' ' = = P Q (-)= Q = Q= (cm ) P P Q Q 0% 0% 0% 0% P. ~ 0 cm cm cm p cm Q x(x+)= x= =(+y) y= 0% F 00 x+y=+ = x y x+y F F===F F F = F F= Fª F = F = = = = = = (- ) = = ª = = 0% 0% 0%
0 =+ =+= = = = - =-= = = = y` ª OO O=OO=O OªO == O = O = OF = OF = F =O +OF = + = y` H =H =H HGG H = GH=GHG=G HGªG G G =H = O O O OF F = 00 (+)=GF GF = H G F 0% 0% 0% 0% H HGªG GF F = = _= PFP PF=PFP=P PFªP F == FP P = F F = F FP P = F F FP P H = = _= FG = = _= HG = = _= F = = _= FGH H +F +FG +GH = ++ += G G = G =G =_= GGFH G=HGFG=GFH GªGFH G GH =G GF = GH = G = _= =H H = H =H =HG +G =+= G GªGFH GH H H FG HG F FGH 0% 0% 0% 0% y`
MG'GM MG' M =MG M =M MG'GªMSS MG' M =GG' = = MG'GªM 0% FGG FG G =G G = FG=G FGªGSS G= = _= (cm ) FG G = FGG= FG= FG= (cm ) 0 NM N =M = NMªSS = = = _= (cm ) NM= NM= NM= (cm ) P Q P PQ Q = Q= PN= = _ = = _= (cm ) = _ = = _= (cm ) =NM+Q+PN =++=(cm ) NM Q PN N P M Q 0% y` FGªG G FG V p cm p cm = cmg = cm G =G=0 ªG = G == = = VPQ ( - )( - )= P p cm p Q= Q=p (cm ) VPQ Q 00 0000 m S V V 0% 0% P F Q G y` P. 0 x y
0 x ;!;y ;!;x ;!;y ;!;x ;!;y ;!;x y x ;!;y ;!;x ;!;y ;!;x ;!;y S V 0% x x= = P. 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 m cm m cm=00 cm cm=00 00 00 00 =0000 _= (cm ) x cm 0000=x x=0000 0000 cm = m = x xs= x=s S = V y yv= y=v V 0 cm = = = = = GG' GG' M GG' G M 0% 0% G' 0% 0%