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96, 16 69 94 23,046. 5,712.,, 1,. 1,531., (N=1,317), (N=177), (N=37).,,,,,. 37.88 (SD=12.39), 726 (55.1%), 591 (44.9%). 35.30 (SD=12.27), 112 (63.3%), 65 (36.7%). 34.11 (SD=15.83), 32 (86.5%), 5 (13.5%)., 23 4) 1.,,,. 1. Knowles(1976) (RTQ: Risk-Taking Questionnaire) (2002). 20 RTQ 15, 15 5 Likert,. Cronbach α =.838. Higgins (2001) (RFQ: Regulatory Focus Questionnaire),, (2011). 11 RFQ 6 5 4),,,,, (,, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23.,,,,,,,,.
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(2010) Massimini Carli (1988) ( -, -, -, - ),. 7. (One-Way ANOVA) 1. (F(2,1528)= 24.588, p<.001)., (M=2.77, SD=.50) (M=2.71, SD=.50) (M=2.48, SD=.47).. (F(2,1528)=13.807, p<.001)., (M=.21, SD=.73) (M=-.08, SD=.77). (M=.20, SD=.77),.. (F(2,1528)=3.273, p<.05),.,, (M=9.31, SD=2.82) (M=8.76, SD=2.70) M SD F Scheffe (a) 2.48.47 (b) 2.71.50 (c) 2.77.50 (a) -.08.77 (b).21.73 (c).20.77 (a) 9.31 2.82 (b) 8.78 2.80 (c) 8.76 2.70 24.588 *** (b), (c) > (a) 13.807 *** (b) > (a) 3.274 * ns
(a) 3.39.53 M SD F Scheffe (b) 3.22.56 (c) 3.26.44 (a) 2.73.62 (b) 2.67.57 (c) 2.67.54 (a) 2.56.66 (b) 2.55.62 (c) 2.72.60 8.600 *** (a) > (b).837 ns 1.107 ns (M=8.78, SD=2.80). (One-Way ANOVA) 2. (F(2,1528)=8.600, p<.001)., (M=3.39, SD=.53) (M=3.22, SD=.56), (M=3.26, SD=.44),.., (F(2,1528)=.837, ns) (F(2,1528)= 1.107, ns). (One-Way ANOVA), (F(2,1528)=5.982, p<.01)( 3 ). (M=5.45, SD=1.66) (M=4.99, SD=1.74), (M=5.32, SD=1.72).. 6) 6) 1 (, M=50.56, SD=71.87;, M=96.18, SD=100.11;, M=120.41, SD=116.45, F(2, 1528)=40.070, p<.001).
M SD F Scheffe (a) 4.99 1.74 (b) 5.45 1.66 (c) 5.32 1.72 5.982 ** (b) > (a) (a) (b) (c) 2.65(1.20) 2.99(1.16) 3.22(1.38) 3.21(1.00) 3.62(.84) 3.70(1.08) 3.26(1.18) 3.46(1.09) 3.22(1.11) SS MS F Posthoc 2 12.86 6.43 4.55 * 1 51.89 51.89 36.74 *** 1527 2156.70 1.41 1531 13432.00 2 19.55 9.78 10.18 *** 1 25.20 25.20 26.24 *** 1527 1466.03 0.96 1531 17918.00 2 7.63 3.81 2.80 1 2.01 2.01 1.48 1527 2076.47 1.36 1531 18532.00 (b), (c) > (a) (b), (c) > (a) ns,.. (ANCOAVA) 4 5.,.
,,...,,. (a) (b) (c) - 4.14(1.45) 4.10(1.52) 4.84(1.42) - 4.79(1.34) 5.11(1.37) 5.32(1.25) - 4.18(1.44) 4.10(1.57) 4.70(1.66) - 4.22(1.31) 3.95(1.48) 4.27(1.66) SS MS F Posthoc 2 15.69 7.85 3.69 * - - - - 1 9.47 9.47 4.46 * 1527 3244.57 2.13 1531 29651.00 2 7.78 3.89 2.24 1 80.89 80.89 46.47 *** 1527 2658.00 1.74 1531 38666.00 2 11.32 5.66 2.66 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1527 3254.88 2.13 1531 30020.00 2 10.19 5.10 2.83 1 0.50 0.50 0.28 1527 2754.58 1.86 1531 29654.00 (c)>(b), (a) ns ns ns
.. (ANCOVA), 6, 7. -.,,.. -, -, -,,.,,, (,, ), (,, ), (,, ), ( -, -, -, - ).,,.,,.,.,.. (,, 2002; Gino & Margolis, 2011; Hamstra, Bolerdijk & Veldstra, 2011; Quay, 1965),.,,.,.
.,.,.. (,, 2013;, 2010; Tyler, 1990).,,.,,,,, (, 1996)..,., (,, 1998; Gertz & Gould, 1995; Paternoster, Saltzman, Waldo, & Chiricos, 1983; Saltzman, Patemoster, Waldo, & Chiricos., 1982; Teevan, 1976; Tittle, 1980)...,,. (, 2007;, 2013). 7) (Instrumental Motive) (Normative Motive) (Tyler, 1990).,. 7) (, 2003).,.,. (2007).
,.,.,., -, -, -..,,.,.,,.,,.,,,,,.,,,. (2010)., -.,.,...,.
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Why and Who Participate in Illegal Gambling?: The Psychological Characteristics of Illegal Gamblers Junbok Lee Sangyeon Yoon Taekyun Hur Korea University The previous researches of gambling have been rather focused on the legal gambling industry and gambling addiction and ignored the issue of illegal gambling. But, illegal gambling in Korea has been continuously growing in its volume and the numbers of the relevant mental and social problems such as gambling addiction, crimes, suicides, and etc. have been increasing rapidly. The present study investigated the psychological characteristics of illegal gamblers with comparing gamblers who never experienced illegal gambling (NE), who experienced illegal gambling but participate mainly in legal gambling (EIG), and who participate mainly in illegal gambling (MIG). 1317 NEs, 177 EIGs, and 37 MIGs were recruited and completed an online survey that measured individual dispositions (risk-taking tendency, regulatory focus, locus of control), attitudes towards gambling regulations, misconception of illegal gambling, motives (monetary, excitement, socialization), and emotions. First, EIGs and MIGs, compared to NEs, preferred risk-taking, and EIGs were more promotion focused than NEs. Also, EIGs perceived illegal gambling as less illegal and tended to hold more misconceptions about illegal gambling, compared to NEs. Furthermore, EIGs and MIGs had stronger monetary and excitement motivation than NEs. Finally, MIGs were more likely to feel anxious than other groups. Focusing on the illegality of gambling, the characteristics of illegal gamblers are discussed and political implication on illegal gambling is suggested. Key words : illegal gambling, individual disposition, perception on law, gambling motivation, emotion during gambling