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1 The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Vol. 15, No. 3, ,,. Kiesler % (75 ) 30%(81 ).,,,.,.,... :,,,. :, ( ) 11-1, : skyoo@ewha.ac.kr

2 Freud(1928) et al., 1994).,.. (Carver, Kus, & Scheier, 1994), Freud (Geers, Reilly, & Dember, 1998). (Park &., Folkman, 1997), (optimism),? (Peterson, 2000). (interpersonal schema). Scheier Carver (1992),. (Soygüt & Sava ir, 2001).,.., (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994). (Hill & Safran, 1994). Safran(1990),, ;, (, 1995; Scheier (Dougall, Hyman, Hayward, McFeeley, & Baum, 2001)., (Baldwin, 1992)., Safran(1986; 1990) - x, y,,

3 /,,,. (circumplex model). (, 2001)., (Plutchik & Conte, 1997). Sullivan Leary(1957) 1. : Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal, -, circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human - transactions. Psychological Review, 90, p , (complement). Bateson (1936), (-).,, (+),. Leary (-). (-) (-) (Leary, 1957; Lorr & McNair, 1965; Wiggins, 1979; Kiesler, 1983), (0) (0).. (-)(-) Kiesler(1983) (, 1999; Soygüt (1 ). & Sava ir, 2001).,,

4 ,,.. Kiesler - (Leary, 1957).,.., ( ) Hill Safran (1994)?,. (,, ) ( ),?.,,,.,. ( ),,?, (,,. )( ) Soygüt Sava ir(2001) Hill Safran (1994)?.,,.,,,, 4,, (51.3%), Kiesler 130 (48.7%)

5 /,, schema questionnaire; ISQ). ISQ Kiesler(1983) Scheier, Carver Bridges(1994). 1 (Revised Life Orientation Test; Kiesler - LOT-R). - LOT-R 16. LOT-R. ISQ ( :.,,, 16 ), 3 ( : ( :,, ). ). 4,, (filler items) ( :,, 8 ). ( : LOT-R 5, ) (0 =, 4 = 3 ). 024, LOT-R (Cronbach's ).68. Safran Hill (1989) 1. Hill Safran (1994) (Interpersonal 1,

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7 /,, 18. LOT-R 30% (75 ) -3 LOT-R 3., 30% (81 ).. LOT-R (: 12.27, : 1.40), LOT-R 1 14 (: 11.95, : 2.48).. 30%, 30%, 7(1= (,, ), 7= ). (, ),, (, ) (, 3 21., ) Split-plot ISQ. (Cronbach's ).67, (Cronbach's ).69 (Cronbach's ).85. 2,,,, (,, ) ,

8 2. / M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) (N=74) -1 (.70) (.58) (.54) (1.29) (1.42) (1.28) (N=81) (.97) (.85) (.88) (1.23) (1.40) (1.45) (N=155), (.93) (.86) (.74) (1.26) (1.41) (1.37). : 3 ~ -3 ( ) (F(1,153)=.003 2, p=.96)., , * ** p<.001 df SS MS p (1,153) (1,153) * ** (2,152) * (1,153) * (2,152) * (2,152) * * * ** (2,152) (F(1,153)=512.50, p <.001),

9 /,, 4. / (N=74) (N=81) (N=155). : 3 ~ 21.., 2.,,, 2,,,.,.,.,, (,, ) 4 M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) (2.52) (3.02) (2.81) (2.34) (3.29) (2.89) (2.00) (2.55) (2.38) (3.51) (4.00) (3.76) (3.47) (3.47) (3.47) (3.23) (3.93) (3.61) 5., ** * p<.001 * * p<.01 df S (1,154) 53 (1,154) 315 (2,153) 97 * (1,154) 36 * (2,153). * (2,153) 7. ** (2,153)

10 (F(1,154)=2.00, p=.16).., (Carver, Kus, & Scheier, 1994; Dougall, 2 Hyman, Hayward, McFeeley, & Baum, 2001; Geers, 5. Reilly, & Dember, 1998; Park & Folkman, 1997) 5,.,,, (F(1,154)=284.21, p <.001; F(1,153)= 6.20, p <.01)..,.,,.,, , () (,, ).,.,,,,,

11 /,,.,,,,.,,.,...,..,,...,, (1995)., (1999).. (2001)..,. (Cronbach ) ,.. :. :, 8, :, 10, Baldwin, M. W. (1992). Relational schemas and the

12 processing of social information. Psychological Bulletin, 112, Baldwin, M. W., & Keelan, P. (1999). Interpersonal expectations as a function of self-esteem and sex. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16, Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 82, Carver, C. S., Kus, L. A., & Scheier, M. F. (1994). Effects of good versus bad mood and optimistic versus pessimistic outlook on social acceptance versus rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L., Jr., & Clark, K. C. (1993). Optimism versus Pessimism predicts the quality of women's adjustment to early stage breast cancer. Cancer, 73, Dougall, A. L., Hyman, K. B., Hayward, M. C., McFeeley, S., & Baum, A. (2001). Optimism and traumatic stress: The importance of stress and coping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, Freud, S. (1928). The future of an illusion. London: Hogarth. Geers, A. L., Reilly, S. P., & Dember, W. N. (1998). Optimism, pessimism and friendship. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 17, Hill, C., & Safran, J. D. (1994). Assessing interpersonal schemas: Anticipated responses of significant others. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, Huebner, R. A., Thomas, K. R., & Berven, N. L. (1999). Attachment and interpersonal characteristics of college students with and without disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90, Leary, T. F. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lorr, M., & McNair, D. M. (1965). Expansion of the interpersonal behavior circle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, Mongrain, M. (1998). Parental representations and support-seeking behaviors related to dependency and self-criticism. Journal of Personality, 66, Park, C. L., & Folkman, S. (1997). Stability and change in psychosocial resources during caregiving and bereavment in partners of men with AIDS. Journal of Personality, 65, Peterson, C. (2000). The Future of Optimism. American Psychologist, 55, Plutchik, R., & Conte, H. R. (1997). Introduction. In R. Plutchik & H. R. Conte (Eds.). Circumplex models of personality and emotions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Safran, J. D. (1986). A Critical Evaluation of the Schema Construct in Psychotherapy Research. Paper presented at the Society for Psychotherapy Research conference, Boston

13 /,, Safran, J. D. (1990). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: I. Theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, Safran, J. D., & Hill, C. (1989). Interpersonal schema questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being; Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A revaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, Soyg t, G., & Sava ir, I. (2001). The relationship between interpersonal schemas and depressive symptomatology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, : : :

14 The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Vol. 15, No. 3, Difference in Interpersonal Schemas According to the Level of Optimism Sung-Kyung Yoo Ha-Na Cho Ewha Woman's University In the present study, we examined the difference in interpersonal schemas between people with high level of optimism and those with low level of optimism. Specifically, we assessed how people anticipated the responses from significant others(mother, father, and friend) both in friendly and hostile situations. To assess the interpersonal schemas, we used the Interpersonal Schema Questionnaire(ISQ) developed by Hill and Safran(1994). And the level of optimism was measured by th Revised Life Orientation Test(LOT-R). Research participants were 267 college students. Based on the optimism score, we divided into two groups; high optimism and low optimism groups. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in interpersonal schemas according to the level of optimism. However, we found that participants anticipated more complementary responses from father both in friendly and hostile situations. But, they anticipated more positive responses from mother either in friendly or hostile situation. Limitations regarding sampling and validity of the instrument were discussed. Key Words : optimism, interpersonal schema, interpersonal circumplex model

歯정남운(최종).PDF

歯정남운(최종).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2004, Vol. 16, No. 1, 37-51 *. 468., 2,,, 5 8 (octant scales) 40 (KIAS-40). 8.79.90 ( ).,. :,,, * 2003. :, 2, : 032-340-3469 E-mail : woonee@hanmail.net

歯유성경97.PDF

歯유성경97.PDF