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1 The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Vol. 13. No. 1. pp ,.,.,.,... (empathy), (Barrett-Lennard, 1981; Gladstein, 1977, 1987; Rogers, 1957).. Rogers

2 ,,. Hill(1996). (outcome)', (process)',,.? (,, 1992).,,. (Gladstein, 1983), (social (Lambert, Dejulio Stein, 1978; Parloff, Wascow Wolfe, 1978).. Bergin Suinn(1975),.. (cognitive skill) ability). Chandler(1974) (Barkham Shapiro, 1986)..,. (Moore, 1990)". Duan. Mead(1934) empathy) (interpersonal predictive Rogers(1957) Sexton Whiston(1994)

3 .,. Keef(1976),. (stereotype)...., (Iannotti, 1978).. Flavell(1968),. Hudson(1978) (Allport, 1953). (Tajfel, 1959)... Selman(1971)..,,.,,., (Jude Park, 1988; Linvill, Fisher Salovey, 1989),,,., (Secord, 1959). (1996).,

4 ..., (1998)?.. Mead(1934)..,.,....? (1996) ( )., (role-taking)... Turner(1985).. (personal identity),,.. (social identity)..,. (1993)

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7 , , (,., ,.!.) :.,... (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff Ruderman, 1978;, )..,,... Taylor (1978) : Carkhuff(1969) 4 8,

8 ,? ( ) ( ) : ( ) 2. (, ( ) :. / (1) ( ) : ).. : 1. 1, (F(1,57)= 6.67, p <.01). (M= 3.52). (M= 2.96) (S D) F F (n= 28) 3.52(.70) 6.67 * (n= 31) 2.96(.93) * p<

9 . (2). F F, (F(1,57)= 7.87, p <.01). (M= 1.82) (M= 2.61) (F(1,55)=4.29, p <.05) (S D) F F (n=28) 1.82(.94) (n= 31) 2.61(1.20) * p < * 3. (S D) F F (n= 27) 45.74( 7.64) (n= 30) 38.67(15.32) * p< ,, *

10 4. (r) *.15 * p< , (r= -.36, p <.01)..,..,.,,,, (Kohut, 1977).. 5., 5,., (B= -.29, T= -2.22, p <.05), BETA -.22.,.. 5. B BETA T *, R 2 =.18 df = 2/56 F= 6.03 * *. * p <.01 ** p <.05 *** p <

11 .,,. ( )...,....,..,?,,...,.,...,.,. (Long, 1990).. Polanyi(1966) (1993)

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13 Chandler, M. J. (1974). Accurate and accidental.,. Duan, C. & Hill, C.E. (1996). The current state of. empathy. The concept of empathy : Band between cognition and social behavior. Paper presented at the meeting of the American psychological association, New Orleans. empathy research, Journal of Personality, 43, Flavell, J.H., Botkin, P.I., Fry, C.L., Jr., Wright, J.W., & Jarvis, P.E. (1968). The development of, (1996).. :, 8, 1, role taking and communication skills in children. New York : Wiley. Gladstein, G. A. (1977). Empathy and counseling (1993). : outcome : An empirical and conceptual. :, 7, 2, review. The Counseling Psychologist, 6(4), Gladstein, G. A. (1983). Understanding empathy :, (1991). : Integrating counseling, developmental, and., social psychology perspectives. Journal of, 9, Counseling Psychology, 30, ,, (1992). Gladstein, G. A. (1987). Counselor empathy and., 5, client outcome. In G. A. Gladstein & (1998). associates(eds.), Empathy and counseling:.. Explorations in theory and research.. New York: Springer-Verlag. Allport (1953). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, Iannotti, R. J. (1978). Effect of role-taking NY : Doubleday Anchor. experience on role-taking, empathy, altruism Barknam, M. & Shapiro, D. A. (1986). Counselor and aggression, Developmental Psychology, Vol. verbal response mode & experience empathy. 14, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, Jude, C. M. & Park, B. (1988). Out-group Barrett-Lennard, G. F. (1981). The empathy scale : homogeneity : Judgements of variability at Reinment of a nuclear concept. Journal of the individual and group levels. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, Personality and Social Psychology, 13, Carkhuff, R. R. (1969). Helping and human relations Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self. New (Volume one). New York : Holf, Rinebart, York : International University Press. and Winston. Lambert, M. J., Dejulio, S. S., Stein, D. M

14 (1978). Therapist interpersonal skills: Process, Rogers, C. (1975). Empathic : An unappreciated way outcome, methodological considerations and of being. Counseling Psychologist, 5(2), recommendations for future research. Psychological Selman, R. L. (1971). The Relation of role-taking to Bulletin, 85, the development of moral judgement in Linvill, P. W., Fisher, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of the characteristics if children. Children Development, 42, Sexton, T. L., & Whiston, S. C. (1994). The status ingroup and outgroup members: Empirical of the counseling relationship: An empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of review. Theoretical implications and research Personality and Social Psychology, 57, directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 22(1), Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Tajfel, H. (1959). Quantitative judgment of in social perception. British Journal of Psychology, 50, Moore, B. S. (1990). The origins and development Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & of empathy, Motivation and Emotion, 14, Ruderman, A. J. (1978). Categorical and Parloff, M., Wascow, I., Wolfe, B. (1978). contextual bases of person memory and Research on therapist variables in relation to stereotyping, Journal of Personality and Social process and outcomes. In S. L. Garfield A. Psychology, 36, E. Bergin(Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change(3rd ed.). NY : John Wiley Sons. Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. Gardin City, Truax, C. B. & Carkhuff, R. R. (1967). Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy. Chicago : Aldine. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the New York : Doubleday. self-concept: A social cognitive theory of Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic personality change. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, group behavior, in E.J. Lawler(Ed.). Advances in Group Processes : Theory and Research, Vol. 2, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press

15 The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy Vol. 13. No. 1. pp Effects of Role Taking on Empathy Hee-Kyung Lee Department of Education Hanyang University Jae-Hwan Kim Department of Neuropsychiatry Hanyang University We investigated the effect of role taking on empathy. Results showed that role-taking treatment group was higher in empathy than role-taking non treatment group. Also by using information recall error and by using conformity as a differentiation measure of role and person, we examined the effect of role-taking treatment on differentiation of role and person. Role-taking treatment group showed lower intragroup information recall error than role-taking non treatment group. Although students were given the position supporting the excluder on the opinion of school bullying phenomena, role taking treatment group conformed less than role taking non treatment group. Also, we investigated whether the differentiation of role and person mediates the effect of role-taking on empathy. When the intragroup information recall error used as the differentiation measure of role and person, the main effect of role taking treatment did not show significant difference. This result showed that the effects of role-taking on empathy was mediated by differentiation of role and person. In other words, it was not the role taking itself, but the differentiation of role and person in role taking that increased empathy

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

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