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1 93 한국응급구조학회지제 22 권제 2 호, 93 ~ 102 ( ) Korean J Emerg Med Ser Vol. 22, No. 2, 93 ~ 102 ( ) The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) 시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도비교분석 정은경 1 최성수 2 정지연 2* 1 호남대학교응급구조학과 2 호원대학교응급구조학과 Comparison of educational interest, satisfaction, and achievements of educational virtual reality and videos education before simulation training Eun-Kyung Jung 1 Sung-Soo Choi 2 Ji-Yeon Jung 2 * 1 Department of Emergency Medical Service, Honam University 2 Department of Emergency Medical Service, Howon University =Abstract = Purpose: The study aims to establish an effective training strategy and methods by comparing the effects of educational interest, satisfaction, and achievements of virtual reality and videos education before simulation training. Methods: The randomized control study was implemented on May 31, 2018, by randomly selecting 36 participants to compare educational virtual reality and videos. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Results: The participants were divided into an intervention group of 17(47.2%) and a control group of 19(52.8%). Regarding the levels of satisfaction, a significant difference (p=.010) was noted between the control (3.88 points) and the intervention groups (4.45 points). A significant difference (p=.001) was also noted between the intervention (80.3 points) and control (63.3 points) in terms of total simulation practical skills. Conclusion: Educational virtual reality can be an alternative training method to achieve the standard educational objectives by raising levels of educational interest and of achievement with practical skills. Received July 13, 2018 Revised August 5, 2018 Accepted August 16, 2018 * Correspondence to Ji-Yeon Jung Department of Emergency Medical Service, Howon University, 64 Howondae 3gil, limpi, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea Tel: Fax: cjy504@hanmail.net
2 94 Keywords: Advanced cardiac life support(acls), Virtual reality(vr), Video, Simulation training, Emergency medical technicians Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구의필요성 심정지상황은예측할수없고언제어디서든지발생할수있기때문에의료전문가는지식과술기그리고팀역할을갖추어야한다 [1]. 전문심장소생술 (advanced cardiac life support, ACLS) 교육방법에는강의기반교육, 고충실도마네킹을활용한시뮬레이션교육, 온라인교육 (e-learning) 등이있으며 [2, 3], 미국심장협회는전문심장소생술처치에시뮬레이션교육을권장하고있다 [1]. 시뮬레이션교육은교육생의임상지식과처치능력에도움을줄수있으며 [4], 전문심장소생술과같은응급의료교육에중요한역할을한다 [5]. 이교육은심정지상황에서교육생의지식과태도및기술을체계적인방식으로효과적이게다루도록하는것을목표로한다 [5]. 시뮬레이션교육에서교육대상의수준과교육목표를달성하기위해서는교수자의역할이중요한부분을차치한다. 교육에참여한강사들을대상으로연구한결과에따르면, 교수자역할에대한부담, 충분하지않은교육여건으로인한부담등을시뮬레이션을운영하는동안경험한다 [6]. 교수자는교육생이시뮬레이션과정동안예상할수없는처치를진행하면당황하였고많은학생들이실습하기에는시간이부족하고충분한설명을할수없다고하였다 [6]. 다른연구에서도강사들은시뮬레이션교육에대한학생들의태도와반응이다양하여교육후학습성과와관련하여세심한교육전략및방안등전반적인사항에대해생각할부분이많다고나타내고있다 [7]. 시뮬레이션마네킹에대한학생들의실재감부족은시뮬레이션수업시시나리오에대한집중도를감소 시켜스트레스를증가시킨다 [8]. 따라서교수자는이러한심리적실재감을극복하기위하여임상을충분히반영한시나리오와세밀한준비를통하여학생들의실재감과몰입도를높여야한다고강조하고있다 [7]. 본연구자는교수자의역할부담을낮추고교육생들의학습목표를표준적으로달성하기위한대안으로전문심장소생술시뮬레이션교육을시행하기전가상으로시뮬레이션수행동영상을시청하도록하였다. 이를통하여교육후흥미도, 만족도, 술기와지식의성취도를비교하여효과적인교육대안을마련하고자한다. 가상현실제시기술은실제로볼수없는특정한환경또는상황을인공적으로제작한세계에몰입되어그곳에존재하는것처럼착각에빠지는사이버스페이스 (cyber space) 이다 [9]. 의료적환경은대체할수없는환경으로심정지와같은응급상황은교육생의상상에의존할수밖에없다. 이러한가상현실은비가시적이고직접경험할수없는것들을체험할수있는특징들을가지고있기때문에수술과관련하여가상내시경, 영상가이드수술이이루어지고있으며의료시뮬레이션인수술과교육에효과적으로적용되고있다 [9]. 교수자가원하는교육콘텐츠를가상현실기술로적용한다면교육현장에서이론교육과시뮬레이션교육에함께활용될수있는보조자료가될수있으며, 학생들의학습성과를표준적으로달성할수있는세밀한교육전략및방안이될수있을것이다. 2. 연구의목적 본연구의목적은시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도를비교하여효과적인교육전략및대안을마
3 시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도비교분석 95 련하기위함이다. Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구설계 본연구는가상현실교육과강의식교육의효과를비교하고자시행한무작위대조군연구 (randomized controlled trial) 이다. 2. 연구과정 본연구는 2018 년 5월 31 일시행하였으며자발적으로연구참여동의서를작성한대상자에게사전설문지를작성하도록하였다. 이후연구대상자에게전문심장소생술심정지알고리듬, 팀역할, 술기평가항목에대하여이론수업을 30 분간진행하였다. 시뮬레이션영상중가상현실영상을시청하는실험군과동영상을시청하는대조군의교육장을분리하여준비하고연구대상자는알수없도록하였다. 이론교육후연구대상자를무작위로배정하기위하여눈가림법 (single blind study) 을이용하여연구대상자가자발적으로교육장으로이동하도록하였다. 연구대상자가교육장을선택하면실험군은 6 분간가상현실로제작된한국전문소생술시뮬레이션영상을시청하고대조군은 6분간한국전문소생술 (Korean advanced life support, KALS) good case 를시청하도록하였다. 시청이끝나면연구대상자는시뮬레이션룸에서제세동기사용방법, 팀역할에대한교육등을 10분간시행한후술기평가를받았다. 술기평가가종료되면사후설문지를작성하도록하였다 <Fig 1>. 재학중인 4학년학생으로연구에대하여충분한설명을듣고연구에자발적인동의서를작성한 43 명이실험을진행하였다. 교육장을분리하여설정하고실험군과대조군을무작위로배정하였다. 실험에중도탈락한연구대상자 7명을제외하고총 36명을연구대상자로선정하였다 <Fig 1>. 4. 연구도구 1) 실험군교육영상 실험군은가상현실을제작하기위하여촬영도구로 L사의 Longship 360 VR camera 을사용하였다. 이카메라는 360 영상콘텐츠를안드로이드스마트폰으로촬영할수있는장비로 L사에서제공하는어플리케이션 (App) 과연동하여촬영된가상현실을조작및시청할수있다. 이촬영도구를이용하여한국전문소생술교육에참여하는교육생들에게동의를구하고시뮬레이션평가영상을촬영하였다. 촬영된영상은한국전문소생술 (Training of in-hospital cardiac arrest, TROICA) 에맞추어 6명의팀원이시뮬레이션을운영하는영상으로 3. 연구대상 본연구의대상자는 H 대학교응급구조학과에 Fig. 1. Flow-chart of the study.
4 96 6분동안진행된다. 제작된영상은응급구조학과교수 2인에게사전검토및협의를거친후본연구에활용되었다. 2) 머리착용디스플레이 (Head Mounted Display) 360 도가상현실콘텐츠를체험하기위해서는스마트폰을머리착용디스플레이 (head mounted display, HMD) 에장착한후제작된가상현실콘텐츠를재생한다. 이연구에는 V사에서제공하는 VR box 2 제품을사용하였다. 3) 대조군교육동영상대조군은 6분 37 초길이의한국전문소생술 (Korean advanced life support, KALS) 의 good case 동영상을시청하도록하였다. 4) 사전설문지사전설문지는연구대상자의성별, 나이, 가상현실교육유무, 시뮬레이션교육유무를파악하는설문지와연구대상자간의동질성검정과지식을평가하기위하여한국전문소생술사전필기시험지 ( version) 를활용하였다. 총객관식 25 문항으로구성되었으며, 최저점수를 0점으로하고최고점수를 25 점으로구성하여점수가높을수록전문심장소생술지식이높음을나타낸다. 5) 사후설문지사후설문지는사전설문지에서활용하였던한국전문소생술사전필기시험지와시뮬레이션평가를위한 TROICA(Training of in-hospital cardiac arrest) 실기시험지 [10] 를활용하였다. 술기평가에서 2점은 정확하게시행, 1점은 부분시행, 0점은 미시행 으로평가하였다. 사후시뮬레이션평가는현재 KALS instructor 로활동하고있는강사가진행하였으며, 각시뮬레이션룸에서교육을담당했던강사 1인이직접관찰을통하여객관적으로평가하도록하였다. 교육흥미도는총 4문항 [11], 교육만족도는 Choi[12] 가활용한설문지를수정보완하여 17문항으로구성하였다. 교육흥미도, 교육만족도는 Likert 5점척도로 1점은 매우그렇지않다 부터 5점은 매우그렇다 로점수가높을수록흥미도와만족도가높음을의미한다. 본연구에서교육흥미도의신뢰도 Cronbach s α=.980, 만족도의신뢰도는 Cronbach s α=.979 로나타났다. 5. 분석방법 통계분석은 SPSS 버전 20.0 을사용하여분석하였다. 연구대상자의연령은평균과표준편차로분석하고성별, 가상현실, 시뮬레이션교육유무는빈도와백분율로나타냈다. 실험군과대조군의동질성검정은 chi-square test, t-test 통계방법을사용하였으며, 실험군과대조군의교육만족도, 교육흥미도, 사전사후지식은 t-test 를사용하였다. 실험군과대조군의팀워크인식과시뮬레이션술기는정규성검정결과, 정규성을만족하지않아 Mann-Whitney U 방법을사용하였다. p값이 0.05 미만인경우를유의하다고하였다. Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성 연구대상자의일반적특성은 <Table 1> 과같다. 연구대상자는 36 명으로실험군 17명 (47.2%), 대조군은 19명 (52.8%) 이다. 연구대상자의실험군과대조군의동질성검정결과, 연령 (p=.995), 성별 (p=.516), 가상현실교육유무 (p=.167), 시뮬레이션교육유무 (p=.231) 에서실험군과대조군에서유의한차이를보이지않아두군간동질함을확인하였다.
5 시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도비교분석 97 Table 1. General characteristics of the study subjects (N=36) Variables Intervention group(n=17) N(%) or Control group(n=19) t or χ 2 p N(%) or Age 22.47± ± Gender VR * education Simulation education * VR: Virtual reality Male 11 (64.7%) 10 (52.6%) Female 6 (35.3%) 9 (47.4%) Yes. 4 (23.5%) 1 ( 5.3%) No. 13 (76.5%) 18 (94.7%) Yes. 17 (100%) 16 (84.2%) No. 0 ( 0.0%) 3 (15.8%) 실험군과대조군의만족도와흥미도 실험군과대조군의교육흥미도와만족도는 <Table 2> 와같다. 교육흥미도는실험군 4.45 점, 대조군 3.88 점으로실험군이다소높아유의한차이를보였다 (p=.010). 하지만교육만족도는실험군 4.04 점, 대조군 3.75 점으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p=.245). 3. 실험군과대조군의시뮬레이션술기 실험군과대조군의전문심장소생술시뮬레이션술기는 <Table 3> 과같다. 각항목당술기점수를 100 점으로환산하여평가한결과전체시뮬레이션술기점수는실험군이 80.3 점으로대조군 63.3 점보다높아서유의한차이를보였다 (p=.001). 기본소생술은실험군이 97.0 점대조군이 75.0 점으로실험군이높은점수를보여차이를보였다 (p=.001). 팀워크 (p=.011), ACLS 알고리듬 (p=.014), 소생후치료 (p=.037) 에대해서도실험군이대조군에비해높아서유의한차이가있었다. 그러나, 심실세동과무맥성심실빈맥심전도리듬인지 (p=.189), 무맥성전기활동과무수축심전도인지 (p=.061) 는실험군과대조군이유의한차이가없었다. 4. 교육후실험군과대조군의지식 실험군과대조군의교육후지식의비교는 <Table 4> 와같다. 실험군과대조군의지식을비교해본결과, 실험군은 13.1 점에서 2.8 점향상되어 16.0 점으로나타났으며대조군은 12.5 점에서 1.3 점향상된 13.9 점으로나타났으나, 유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p=.222). Table 2. Comparison of Interest and Satisfaction between intervention and control group (N=36) Variables (Number of item) Intervention group(n=17) Control group(n=19) p Interest ( 4) 4.45± ± Satisfaction (17) 4.04± ±
6 98 Table 3. Comparison of practical skill of ACLS between Intervention and control group (N=36) Variable (No of item) Intervention group(n=17) Control group(n=19) Total practical skill (30) 80.39± ± Basic life support ( 4) 97.05± ± Teamwork ( 6) 73.52± ± ACLS algorithm ( 6) 69.60± ± VF /Pulseless VT ( 6) 92.15± ± PEA /Asystole ( 4) 79.41± ± Post cardiac arrest ( 4) 73.52± ± ACLS: Advanced cardiac life support, VF: Ventricular fibrillation, VT: Ventricular tachycardia, PEA: Pulseless electrical activity p Table 4. Comparison of knowledge between intervention and control group (N=36) Variables Pretest Posttest Posttest-Pretest p Knowledge Intervention group (N=17) Control group (N=19) 13.18± ± ± ± ± ± Ⅳ. 고찰 본연구는가상현실교육영상이교육생의흥미도, 몰입도, 성취도에미치는영향을알아보고자시행하였다. 현재까지응급의료에가상현실을적용한사례는국외연구 [13, 14] 에서다양하게보고되고있지만국내연구는부족한실정이다. 국외에서는응급의료에대한가상현실프로그램이다양하게개발되고있다. 개발된프로그램은환자의상태와활력징후가역동적이게반응하며, 부상과중재에적절하게반응하는특징을가지고있다 [13]. 병원전단계뿐만아니라병원내단계의가상현실프로그램도개발되어효과적인교육프로 그램으로운영되고있다 [14]. 의료분야에다양한가상현실교육프로그램이도입이되는것은가상현실이교육생에게긍정적인영향을미치기때문이다. 그요인으로상황학습과체화된인지, 실재감을들수있다 [15]. 첫째, 상황학습은학습내용이전달될때그내용과관련된상황을폭넓게제공하기때문에교육생들은해당지식만독립적으로학습하기보다는적용되는상황과맥락을이해할수있다 [15]. 둘째, 체화된인지는가상의모델이입체적으로움직이기때문에교육생은입체적으로사물을인식할수있어학습이촉진된다 [15]. 마지막으로실재감은교육생이존재하는공간을포괄하면서가상공간을생성하여몰입감을생성하고그상황안에서교육생
7 시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도비교분석 99 이능동적인학습을한다 [15]. 본연구에서가상현실교육을받은군이동영상교육을받은군에비하여교육흥미도 (p=.010) 가높았으며유의한차이를보였다. 가상현실은흥미를유발하고동기부여를갖게하는효과가있으며즉각적으로시청각되먹임을받기때문에학습효과를높일수있다 [16-18]. 특히, 뇌졸중재활환자에게적용하게되면컴퓨터게임과같은흥미를유발하기때문에환자에게동기부여를할수있다 [19]. 이러한결과는선행연구와동일한결과로전문심장소생술시뮬레이션을행하기전가상현실영상을통하여상황학습과체화된인지, 실재감을경험하였으며교수자와교육생간의차이를채워주는핵심적인연결고리가되었을것이다. 본연구에서사후지식이실험군과대조군의유의한차이를발견하지는못하였지만 (p=.222), 실험군에서사후지식점수가대조군에비하여점수가많이향상되었다. 향후이와관련하여연구대상자를늘려서교육효과를비교분석해보고자한다. 교육만족도는통계적차이를보이지않았다 (p=.245). 시뮬레이션교육에서교육만족도는교수자와학생간의디브리핑을통하여학습만족도를향상시킨다고하였다 [20]. 만족도에서유의한차이를보이지않은것은오랜시간동안머리착용디스플레이 (head mounted display, HMD) 를활용하여가상현실콘텐츠를시청할경우시각피로를초래하고가상공간과시각간의차이로인하여어지러움과 cyber-sickness 를일으키기때문이다 [21, 22]. 연구대상자들은실험을진행하는동안어지럼증을호소하였으며이러한증상이교육만족도에영향을주었을것이다. 본연구는가상현실교육을받은군이동영상교육을받은군에비하여술기 (p=.001) 가높았으며유의한차이를보였다. 가상현실을활용한교육이동영상교육에비하여가상현실속에제시된문제중심학습의해결을유도하면서교육생의시 뮬레이션술기성취도가향상되었을것이다. 가상현실을통하여사람들의행동변화를보일수있는지파악한연구가있다 [23]. A그룹은스토리텔링을통하여벌목현장을알리고, B그룹은비디오영상을통하여나무벌목을보여주었다 [23]. C그룹은가상현실을이용하여나무를벌목하는경험을할수있게하였다 [23]. 연구결과, 가상현실로체험한군이이야기를통한그룹과영상을시청한그룹보다휴지를 25% 적게소비하였다 [23]. 본연구는술기성취도에대한단기적인결과를나타냈지만, 선행연구와비슷한결과를볼수있었다. 가상현실과시뮬레이션을동시에사용하는 MRT(medical readiness trainer) 라는몰입형교육환경을개발한연구는구급차및전쟁터와같은다양한가상환경에서마네킹시뮬레이터를관리할수있으며개발자는마네킹시뮬레이션과가상현실의결합이효과적인교육도구임을입증할것으로기대하였다 [24]. 이와같이가상현실교육콘텐츠는시뮬레이션교육전교수자가활용할수있는대안적교육보조자료로사용될수있을것이다. 가상현실교육은실제환경에서는경험할수없는응급상황이나위험한상황에서의평가와처치를대신할수있다. 가상현실영상콘텐츠를사용하게되면응급상황에대한반복적인교육및훈련이가능하며흥미로운요소로인하여교육생에게동기부여를할수있다. 시뮬레이션교육에서교육생들의성취도를일률적으로유지하기위한방안으로사전영상보다가상현실영상이교육생들의학습성과를표준적으로달성할수있는세밀한교육방안이될수있을것이다. 본연구는연구에참여한연구대상자를무작위로배정함에있어서가상현실교육과시뮬레이션교육을받지않은대상이실험군에비해대조군에비교적많은비율로포함되어제한점을가지며, 소수집단을이용하여연구가진행되어일반화하
8 100 기에는어려움이있다. 그리고가상현실과동영상교육영상의교육성취도를단기적인효과를파악하긴하였으나, 장기적인교육효과를파악하지못하여아쉬움을갖는다. 본연구자는다음과같은연구제한점을고려하여추가연구는연구대상자를보완하고장기적인교육효과를볼수있는전향적인연구를수행할것이다. 가상현실기술이최근들어발전하고대중화되었지만영상콘텐츠를개발하고적용하는데경제적, 현실적한계가있으며장시간사용하게되면어지럼증이나멀미를일으키는증상을보이기때문에이용하는데한계가있다. 하지만향후가상현실교육은응급의료분야에서경험할수없는위험한상황과환자처치를대처할수있는교육대안으로가장효과적인교육적도구가될것이다. Ⅴ. 결론 본연구는시뮬레이션교육에서교수자의역할부담을낮추고교육생의학습성과를표준적으로유지할수있는교육대안을마련하고자시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육을시행하여교육의효과를비교분석한연구이다. 가상현실교육을시행한군에서동영상교육을시행한군보다교육의흥미도가높았으며, 시뮬레이션술기점수또한높았다. 따라서가상현실교육은시뮬레이션교육전교육생들에게교육의흥미를높일수있으며표준적인학습성과를달성할수있는교육대안으로판단되며적극적인도입이필요할것이다. 특히, 응급상황은언제어떻게발생할지모르는예측불가한상황으로가상현실을통한지속적인교육적노출은실제응급상황이발생하였을때, 지식과태도및기술을효과적으로다룰수있을것으로생각된다. 향후본연구를기초로다양한가상현실콘 텐츠를개발하고교육효과를비교하는연구가확대시행되어야한다. References 1. Cummins RO, Field JM. ACLS provider manual. American Heart Association Onan A, Simsek N, Elcin M, Turan S, Erbil B, Deniz KZ. A review of simulation-enhanced, team-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for undergraduate students. Nurse Education in Practice 2017;27: nepr Perkins GD, Kimani PK, Bullock I, Clutton-Brock T, Davies RP, Gale M, Stallard N. Improving the efficiency of advanced life support training: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2012;157 (1): Hendrickse AD, Ellis AM, Morris RW. Use of Simulation technology in Austrailian defense force resuscitation training. J R Army Med Corps 2001;147: Perkins GD. Simulation in resuscitation training. Resuscitation 2007;73(2): Baek ML. Instructors experience on simulation education of EMT students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 2011;11(7): Kim JY, Heo NR, Min HY. Instructor's experience on nursing simulation education. Journal of Korean Society for Simulation in
9 시뮬레이션교육전가상현실교육과동영상교육의교육흥미도, 만족도, 성취도비교분석 101 Nursing 2014;2(2): Dzioba J, Cant R, Cooper S, Bogossian F, Phillips NM. Barriers and enablers to learning during team-based clinical simulations: reflective interviews with final year undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 2014;4(10): Park JA. Medical simulation : virtual surgery. Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers 2005;23(10): Park HE, Lee YH, Lee JA, Je SM, Cha KC. KALS provider manual. Korea Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Lee H, Cha SA, Kwon HN. Study on the effect of augmented reality contents-based instruction for adult learners on academic achievement, interest and flow. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 2016;16(1): Choi YN. The effect of flipped-learning on the self-directed learning, academic motivation, and class satisfaction of the college students. Unpublished master's thesis, Konkuk university 2016, Seoul, Korea. 13. Chi DM, Kokkevis E, Ogunyemi O, Bindiganavale R, Hollick MJ, Clarke JR, et al. Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training. Studies in health technology and informatics 1997: Stytz MR, Garcia BW, Godsell-Stytz GM, Banks SB. A distributed virtual environment prototype for emergency medical procedures training. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1997;39: PMID Park Iu, Ryu JH, Cho SY, Son MH, Jand JH, Ryu JS, et al. Understanding Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Contents and Educational Utilization Plan. Korea Education and Research Information Service 2017: Baram Y, Aharon-Peretz J, Lenger R. Virtual reality feedback for gait improvement in patients with idiopathic senile gait disorders and patients with history of stroke. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010;58(1): Flynn S, Palma P, Bender A. Feasibility of using the Sony Play Station 2 gaming platform for an individual post stroke: A case report. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 2007;31(4): Rand D, Kizony R, Weiss PL. Virtual reality rehabilitation for all: Vivid GX versus Sony Play station II Eyetoy. International Conference on Disability Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies 2004;5: You SH, Jang SH, Kim YH, Hallett M, Ahn SH, Kwon YH, Kim JH, Lee MY. Virtual reality-induced cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in chronic stroke: an experimenter-blind randomized study. Stroke 2005;36: Park JO. Satisfaction with simulation-based learning in an emergency intervention for bradycardia patients among paramedic students. The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services. 2017;21(2): /KJEMS Kim DY, Park JB. Virtual reality based stroke rehabilitation. J Korean Med Assoc. 2013
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과
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