The influence of soccer field ground types on lower extremity muscle activation during forward side step Hyun-Been Lee, & Bee-Oh Lim* Chung-Ang Univer
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1 The influence of soccer field ground types on lower extremity muscle activation during forward side step Hyun-Been Lee, & Bee-Oh Lim* Chung-Ang University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:
2 252 Hyun-Been Lee Bee-Oh Lim 고 보고하였으며, Villwock et al.(2009)는 천연잔디에 비해서 인조잔디에서 운동할 때 신발과 지면사이의 회전 강성, 최대토크, 회전견인력 등이 더 크다고 보고하였다. 또한 Park et al.(2011)은 인조잔디가 천연잔디보다 근 피로를 유발시키는 혈중 젖산과 암모니아의 수치를 더 증 가시킨다고 보고하였다. 현재까지 선행연구에서 그라운드의 형태에 따라 지면의 반발계수, 회전강성, 최대 토크 등이 다르다고 보고하였다 (Apell et al., 1992; Newham et al., 1983; Villwock et al., 2009). 이러한 요인들은 하지의 근 활성도와 상관이 있으며, 근 활성도가 클수록 부상의 위험이 커지기 때문에 (Apell et al., 1992; Newham et al., 1983) 그라운드의 형태는 하지의 부상 발생에 직접적인 영향을 주는 요인이 라고 할 수 있다. 특히, 본 연구에서 측정한 하지의 경우 충격력을 흡수하는 하퇴의 말단에 있는 근육들로 지면의 부하를 가장 먼저 받기 때문에(Lee et., 2013) 인조잔디 에서 훈련하는 운동선수들이나 생활체육 동호인들은 천 연잔디에서 할 때에 비해 부상을 예방하기 위한 근력 트 레이닝과 스트레칭이 중요하며, 그중에서도 가자미근과 단비골근의 선택적 강화는 꼭 필요하다고 판단되어 본 연 구를 수행하였다. 또한, 기존의 선행연구에서는 지면반 력, 영상분석, 비디오분석, 혈액분석의 관점에서 인조잔 디와 천연잔디를 비교하였는데, 아직까지 그라운드의 형 태별(인조잔디, 천연잔디, 맨땅구장) 근 활성도의 차이를 분석한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 또한 우리나라의 특성상 생활체육인들은 맨땅구장에서도 축구경기를 많이 하고 있기 때문에(Korea Sports Safety Foundation, 2016) 천연잔디와 인조잔디 그리고 맨땅구장 세 가지 그라운드 형태를 분석하는 것은 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 축구경기 중 공격과 수비동작 에서 자주 사용하는 동작인 전진 사이드 스텝 시 그라운드 형태(천연잔디, 인조잔디, 맨땅구장)에 따른 하지근육의 근 활성도 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구방법 연구대상 연구 대상자는 고등학교에 재학 중인 신체 건강한 축 구 선수 15명(나이: 17.7±0.8세, 신장: 171.5±6.3cm, 체 중: 66.9±4.3kg)을 선정하였다. 연구대상자들은 최근 6 개월간 하지의 기능장애가 없고, 대퇴와 하퇴의 정형 외 과적 진단에 의해 근육 골격계에 특별한 이상이 없다고 판단된 대상들을 임의표본추출법으로 모집하였다. 이 연 구의 모든 절차는 실험을 수행하기 전에 연구자가 소속 된 기관에서 연구윤리위원회의 연구의 목적 및 연구 설 계에 대한 연구승인을 받은 후 시행하였다(IRB 승인번호: HR ). 실험 도구 근육의 활성도를 측정하기 위하여 근전도 시스템(DTS Probe Transmitter, Noraxon, USA)을 사용하였다. 축 구화(AF 5122, Adidas, China)는 선수들이 가장 많이 사 용하는 것을 선정하였으며(Seon, 2018), 스터드는 원형 으로 연구대상자들의 축구화 사이즈 별로 준비하여 일정 하게 통제하였다<Fig. 1 top>. 축구훈련 시 가장 많이 사 용하는 스텝 레더를 사용하여 그라운드의 형태별로 전진 사이드스텝을 통해 하지 근 활성도를 측정하였다<Fig. 1 bottom>. Fig. 1. Soccer shoe (top) and step ladder (bottom) 실험 절차 연구대상자들의 신체 특성 파악 후 실험절차에 대해 사전 교육을 실시하였고. 연구 대상자들에게 실험에 대한
3 α Fig. 2. Electrode attachment site (Kim et al., 2013)
4 Table 1. The mean difference of lower extremity muscle activities among soccer ground field types (Unit: %MVC) Variables TA SL MG LA PB Natural grass (a) ± ± ± ± ±18.81 Soccer field types Artificial turf (b) ± ± ± ± ±22.01 Hard ground (c) ± ± ± ± ±16.73 F p a-b:.23 b-c:.84 c-a:.62 a-b:.02 * b-c:.88 c-a:.08 a-b:.60 b-c:.96 c-a:.81 a-b:.10 b-c:.68 c-a:.45 a-b:.03* b-c:.10 c-a:.87
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