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1 예비과학교수의과학교수효능감과 Vol.7, No.1, January (2017), pp 개발활동의관계 이용길강경희 코드활용교수자료 요약 이연구는코드를이용한교수자료개발경험과예비과학교사들의과학교수효능감의관계에대해알아보기위한것이다이연구의대상은지방국립대사범대학예비과학교사들이다이예비과학교사들은명이고모두과학교육학관련교과목을수강한경험이있다예비과학교사들은지도법관련강좌에서수업실연을실시하였다그들은수업실연을위해다양한교수학습자료들을조사하였고조사한자료들을코드로설계하였다이연구에서는예비과학교사들의과학교수효능감을분석하기위해사전사후검사를실시하였다과학교수효능감사전검사결과평균점으로나타났다과학교수효능감사후검사에서는평균점으로높아졌다코드를이용해교수학습자료개발경험과예비과학교사의과학교수효능감간에관계가있는지알아보기위해과학교수효능감사전사후검사간를실시하였다결과사전검사와사후검사간에는통계적으로유의미한차이가있는것으로나타났다특히과학교육을위한아이디어에대한인식과학수업에대한관심을유도하는방법등의측면에서과학교수효능감이증가한것으로나타났다이연구결과는코드를활용한교수학습개발경험이예비과학교사들의과학교수효능감향상에긍정적인영향을미쳤음을보여주고있다그러므로코드를활용한이교수전략을교사양성교육과정에적극적으로도입할필요가있다핵심어코드교수자료예비과학교사과학교수효능감과학교육에대한인식 Abstract This study was to analyze the relationship between experience of developing teaching materials using QR codes and science teaching efficacy of pre-service science teachers. The subjects of this study were pre-service science teachers in college of education of a national university located in a region of Korea. Received (November 1, 2016), Review Result (November 15, 2016) Accepted (November 22, 2016), Published (January 31, 2017) Copyright 2017 HSST 815

2 The number of pre-service science teachers was 37, they were taking a subject related to theory of science education. They conducted a class demonstration in teaching method related subject. They surveyed various teaching-learning materials for class demonstration and developed the QR codes from the teaching materials. In this study, we conducted a pre post test to analyze the science teaching efficacy of pre-service science teachers. The science teaching efficacy of the pre-service science teachers was mean 3.16 points in the pre-test. The mean of science teaching efficacy was increased to be 3.53 points in the posttest. We performed the t-test in order to analyze the relationship between the experience of developing the QR codes from teaching- learning materials and the science teaching efficacy of the pre-service science teachers. The results of t-test demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and the posttest. In particular, their teaching efficacy was increased in aspect of recognition of ideas for science education and methods of inducing interest in science class. The result of this study showed that activity of developing QR codes was effective on the teaching efficacy of the pre-service science teachers. Therefore we suggest that the teaching strategy using QR code should be actively applied to the curriculum of teacher education. keywords: QR code, Teaching materials, Pre-service science teacher, Science teaching efficacy, Perception on science education 서론 정보통신기술의급속한발전을바탕으로한지식정보사회는교육에많은영향을미치고있다 특히인터넷과스마트기기의보급은 이라는새로운시도와밀접하게관련되어 있다 란 교육을의미한다 스마트교육의중요성에대한인식이높아지면서스마트교육모형개발 스마트교육의학습 효과에대한연구 코드를활용한콘텐츠개발 등다양한연구가이루어졌다 특히스마트교육에서활용할수있는다양한수단중 코드는교수학습자료개발에유용한 것으로알려져있다 코드는차원바코드인데현재다양한분야에서활용되고있다 코드제작은누구나쉽게할수있을뿐만아니라편의성이높아앞으로도활용가능성은매우높 아고볼수있다특히교육현장에서교수자는수업환경에서다양한동영상사진문제등을활 용하게되는데이때 코드를이용하면학생들의수업참여도와흥미도등에긍정적인영향을 미칠수있다특히 코드활용수업은학습자의수업집중도를높이고참여도를높이는측면이 있다 따라서최근들어 코드를이용해교수학습자료를개발하고이를수업에적용하는연 구들이이루어지고있다 코드를이용해기술교과수업콘텐츠를개발한연구와수학수업에서 코드기반자료 를개발및적용한연구가진행되었다또한 코드등스마트러닝기반과학수업에서학생들 의학습만족도를분석한연구와영어수업에서의 코드적용연구도실시되었다대부분의 선행연구들은교사또는연구자가개발한 코드를수업에적용해그효과를알아보았지만실 제교사들이 코드는개발하는과정과그에따른인식변화에대한연구는거의이루어지지않 았다스마트러닝에서교사의자료개발능력은매우중요하다특히교수자가스마트기기와 816 Copyright 2017 HSST

3 Vol.7, No.1, January (2017) 코드를이용해학습자료를개발하는것은학습자에게창의적인학습환경을제공하는데영향을미칠수있다코드는교수학습적측면에서스마트교육을구현하는데매우효과적인수단이될수있을뿐만아니라교사들이비교적쉽게제작할수있기때문에중요한교수학습방법이될수있다코드를학교수업에활용하는연구는지속적으로이루어지고있지만교수자가직접코드를이용해교수자료를개발하는것에대한연구는거의진행되지않았다교수자가디지털환경에서활용할수있는교육콘텐츠를설계하는것은매우중요하다특히선행연구에따르면교수자가학습지등교수자료의개발을경험하는것은교수효능감향상에긍정적인영향을미치는것으로알려져있다학습에대한흥미를높이고학습자중심의수업을이끌어가는것은교사들의교수효능감과도밀접한관련이있다과학교수효능감은구성주의에기초해과학교수법을실제적으로활용할수있는예비과학교사의자질을가늠하는중요한지료이다오늘날교육은점차결과기반으로변화하고있다이는교육의효과성을구체적인결과물에기반하여평가하고자하는시도이다그러므로예비과학교사들이교수학습자료를실제개발하고수업에활용하는것은과학교수역량에관한결과물을도출한다는점에서의미가크다따라서이연구에서는예비과학교사들이모의수업을실시할때코드를이용한교수자료를직접개발토록하고그과정에서나타나는과학교수효능감의변화를알아보고자한다이연구의연구문제는다음과같다첫째예비과학교사들이코드를활용하여교수자료를개발토록한다둘째코드개발경험이예비과학교사들의과학교수효능감에미치는영향을알아본다 연구대상 연구내용및방법 이연구의대상은지방의국립대학교사범대학에재학중인예비과학교사명이다이들은과학교육학관련교과목을수강하는학년학생들이다학기초에모의수업과코드제작에대한상세한오리엔테이션을실시하였다예비교사들은모의수업준비과정에서조사한교수자료들을코드로제작하였다 코드제작과정 이연구의연구대상은사범대학학년학생들이고교재연구관련과목수강생들이다이강좌에서는과학교재분석과예비과학교사들의수업실연이진행되었다예비과학교사들은수업실연을준비하는과정에서다양한교수학습자료들을조사하였다조사결과를바탕으로코드를작성한것이다 Copyright 2017 HSST 817

4 코드작성을위해학기초에코드제작에대한오리엔테이션을실시하였고코드에포함시킬내용과제작과정에대해서설명하였다또한코드를활용한수업사례들을소개하였다현재여러사이트에서코드생성프로그램을제공하고있는데이연구에서는사이트의생성프로그램을활용하였다예비과학교사들은모의수업을위해교수학습자료들을조사하였고이자료들을코드로제작하였다조사자료의양이많은경우에는여러개의코드로나눠제작하였다또한모의수업에서자신이개발한코드를교수학습자료로활용하였다 이연구에서는예비교사들의과학교수효능감을측정하기위해이개발한를이용하였다이검사지는과학교수자기효능감과과학교수결과기대감의두영역으로구성되어있다이연구는예비과학교사들의모의수업을대상으로진행되었기때문에과학교수결과기대감영역을제외한과학교수자기효능감문항을추출하여적용하였다검사지문항은모두점리커트척도로설계되었고부정문항들은역배점하여계산하였다 학기초에사전검사로과학교수효능감검사지를투입하였고모의수업과코드제작이모두끝난월첫째주에사후검사를실시하였다사전사후검사결과는를이용해분석하였다통계처리는을이용하였다전체적인연구설계는표에제시하였다 표 연구설계 연구결과및논의과학교수효능감사전사후검사결과 예비과학교사들은모의수업에활용한교수학습자료들을사들이개발한코드는에제시하였다 코드로작성하였다예비과학교 818 Copyright 2017 HSST

5 Vol.7, No.1, January (2017) 코드를활용한교수자료개발은제차과학교육과정이후지속적으로강조되고있는과학교과수업과정보통신기술의접목이라는목표를근거로진행되었다특히개인에게필요한정보를수집분석가공재생산하여능동적이고창의적인삶을살수있는능력이과학교과에서매우중요한영역이다그러므로예비과학교사들이코드제작은정보를수집하고분석해교수자료로재구성하는기본과정을거쳐실시되었다 pre-service teacher A pre-service teacher B pre-service teacher C pre-service teacher D 그림예비과학교사들이개발한코드예시 예비과학교사들의과학교수효능감검사결과사전검사에서는평균점인데비해사후검사평균은점으로증가하였다각검사문항별평균과표준편차는표에제시하였다 표 사전사후검사평균및표준편차 문항번호 평균 사전검사표준편차 평균 사후검사표준편차 Total Copyright 2017 HSST 819

6 나는과학을더잘가르치기위한과학교수방법을찾으려고노력할것이다라는문항에대해 사전검사에서는그렇다와매우그렇다는응답이사전검사에서 인데비해사후검사에서는 로증가하였다특히나는과학개념을학생들의수준에맞게효과적으로가르칠수있다는 문항에대해사전검사에서는 만이그렇다고응답한데비해사후검사에서는 로크게높아 졌다 특히사전검사보다사후검사점수가크게높아진문항은나는과학교육을위한아이디어와교 수능력이부족하다고생각한다 나는수업시간에과학개념을효과적으로가르칠수없을것이 다내게과학시범수업이맡겨진다면부담감을느낄것이다등이다사후검사에서는이부정형 문항들에대해그렇지않다는응답이증가했다또한나는과학과목을가르치는데필요한능력 을가지고있다는문항에대해긍정적으로응답한비율이사전 에서사후 로증가한것으 로나타났다 반면에나는학생들의다양한질문에적절하게대답해줄수있다는문항에대해사전검사에 서는 의응답자가그렇다고답하였고사후검사에서는 로나타나증가세가상대적으로낮 았다 전체문항중나는과학수업에서학생들이질문하는것을환영할것이다라는문항에대해서는 사전검사에서긍정응답이 였던데비해사후검사에서는 로크게낮아졌다이러한결과는 예비과학교사들의교수효능감중학생질문에대한답변능력에대한인식이낮음을의미하는것 이다또한교수학습자료개발경험이이러한인식에긍정적인영향을미치지못함을시사하고 있다 과학교수효능감사전사후검사 결과 예비과학교사들이교수학습자료를코드로작성한경험이과학교수효능감에영향을미쳤는지알아보기위해를실시하였다그결과사전검사와사후검사간에는통계적으로유의미한차이가나타났다각문항별결과문항등개문항에서유의미한차이를보였다사전검사와사후검사에대한결과는표에제시하였다 표사전사후검사결과 Subdomain Standard error of Degree of t the means freedom sig Teaching method Item 1, 8, 10, Teaching ability Item 2, 5, 6, *** Activity Item Copyright 2017 HSST

7 Vol.7, No.1, January (2017) instruction 4, 7 Learning Item instruction 3, ** Item Causing interest * 13 Total *** * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 특히과학교육을위한아이디어에대한인식과학수업에관심을유도하는방법등에대해교수효능감이증가한것으로나타났다이결과는교수자료들을조사하고코드로작성하는활동들이예비과학교사들의교수효능감에긍정적영향을미쳤음을시사하고있다이연구의결과는코드제작활동이교사들의교수효능감을향상시키는데효과가있음을보여주고있다따라서현직교사연수프로그램과교사양성교육과정에코드제작등스마트교육관련내용이포함될필요가있다특히스마트수업을직접수행한교사들은스마트수업을위한모형개발과교수방법에대한연수의필요성을제안하였다본연구의결과에서코드제작활동이예비과학교사의교수효능감에영향을준것으로나타났으므로이교수전략을교사양성교육과정에적극적으로도입할필요가있다 결론및제언 이연구는코드를활용한교육콘텐츠개발경험이예비과학교사들의교수효능감에영향을미치는지알아보기위한것이다분석결과코드를이용한교육콘텐츠개발활동이예비과학교사들의교수효능감에긍정적영향을미친것으로나타났다교사들이교육용콘텐츠저작도구를제작하고활용하는경험을하는것은중요하다그러나실제교육현장에서교육콘텐츠를유비쿼터스환경에서활용할수있도록개발한사례는많지않다이러한상황에서코드를활용한교수학습자료개발은공간적제약을받지않고학습콘텐츠를제공할수있다는점에서의미가크다이연구에서예비과학교사들이직접조사한자료들을코드로제작하여봄으로써과학교수효능감이높아졌다는것은코드를활용한의가능성을보여주는것이다그러므로앞으로교수자가개발한코드를활용할수있는수업모형을개발하는연구가실시될필요가있다선행연구에서는환경에맞는학습보조시스템을개발한바있다코드활용을위한수업모형을개발하는것은향후다양한형태의학습콘텐츠의활용을촉진할수있는기반을제공할수있다또한교육콘텐츠를개발하고적용하는과정에서학습자에대한효과를지속적으로분석할필요가있다또한교육콘텐츠의개발과적용이교사들의교수역량을 Copyright 2017 HSST 821

8 강화하는데어떤영향을미치는지에대한연구도이루어져야할것이다특히교사들이코드등을활용해교육콘텐츠를개발할수있도록연수프로그램을개선할필요가있다교사들에게콘텐츠개발에관한다양한활동경험을제공함으로써교육현장에서다양한콘텐츠를활용하는것은중요하다또한예비교사교육과정에도콘텐츠개발관련학습경험들이제공된다면향후교수역량을함양하는데도움이될것이다 References [1] M. Kim and Y. Bae, Development of instructional design model for smart education. Journal of the Korea Contents Association. (2013), Vol.13, No.1, pp [2] C. Song, Approaches for improving self-directed learning capability by smart learning. (2012), Jeonju University, Jeonju. [3] S. Jeong, Design for management system of examination questions setting and implementation based on QR code and smart phone for self-directed learning. (2012). Ewha Womans University, Seoul. [4] T. J. Kim, New educational model with QR code & smart phones. The Russian Language and Literature. (2014), Vol.26, No.2, pp [5] J. A. Hong and W. K. Kim, Effects of the smart device based teaching and learning on the mathematical attitude. Korean Journal of Teacher Education. (2014), Vol.30, No.3, pp [6] Y. J. Jeon, A study on technology embedded English classes using QR code. International Journal of Contents. (2015), Vol.11, No.1, pp [7] J. H. Park, The Application of QR code for Technology Subject. (2011). Kyungpook National University, Daegu. [8] S. Park, An analysis of middle school students' perception and learning satisfaction in SMART learning-based science instruction. Journal of Korean Earth Science Society, (2013), Vol.34, No.7, pp [9] J. H. Moon, The effects on middle school students' affective domain by using QR codes to learn Engilsh vocabulary. (2015). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul. [10] P. Hudson and I. Ginns, Developing an instrument to examine pre-service teachers pedagogical development. Journal of Science Teacher Education, (2007), Vol.18, pp [11] S. Y. Kim, Changes of preservice biology teachers pedagogical knowledge and science teaching efficacy belief through science pedagogy course. Journal of Korea Association of Research in Science Education, (2012), Vol.32, No.3, pp [12] J. H. Lee, E. J. Kim and D. H. Moon, The effects of worksheet developing activities for science field trip at informal educational institutes on science efficacy and science attitudes of secondary science preservice teachers, Biology Education, (2014), Vol.42, No.2, pp [13] L. G. Enochs and I. M. Riggs, Further development of an elementary science teaching efficacy belief 822 Copyright 2017 HSST

9 Vol.7, No.1, January (2017) instrument: A preservice elementary scale. School Science and Mathematics, (1990), Vol.90, No.8, pp [14] S. Kwon, J. Kim, S. Ju, J. Jeong and K. Yoo, Design and implementation of educational content authoring tool for smart devices. The Korea Contents Association, (2013), Vol.13, No.12, pp [15] Y. Kim and W. Kim, Development of training mechanism with QR code. Korea Institute of Electronic Communication Science Conference proceeding, (2011), Vol.5, No.2, pp Copyright 2017 HSST 823

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty