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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 9 pp , 최영철 1, 이중호 1, 김진상 2* 1 대구대학교대학원재활과학과, 2 대구대학교재활과학대학물리치료학과 The Effects of Trunk Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Balance Performance of Sitting Posture and Muscle Tone of Children with Cerebral Palsy Young-Chul Choi 1, Jung-Ho Lee 1 and Jin-Sang Kim 2* 1 Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Graduate School, Daegu University 2 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University 요약본연구는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동을대상으로하여체간근력강화운동이앉은자세균형수행력과근긴장도변화에어떠한영향을미치는지알아보고자하였다. 대상자는대운동분류시스템제 IV단계의경직성양하지뇌성마비아동 16명을무작위로배분하여주 3회 6주동안실시하였고, 실험군은체간근력강화운동을대조군은기본물리치료만실시하였다. 체간근력강화운동은복부근과배부근강화를위한 2가지운동으로구성하였다. 대상자들의균형수행력측정은 BPM(Balance Performance Monitor) 를사용하였고근긴장도측정은 MMAS(Modified Modified Ashworth Scale) 를사용하였다. 연구결과, 앉은자세균형수행력변화에서실험군과대조군의동요거리, 동요속도에서유의한차이가있었고 (p<.05), 앉은자세균형수행력변화비교에서실험군과대조군사이에동요속도, 동요거리에서유의한차이가있었다 (p<.05). 또한근긴장도측정결과실험군과대조군의무릎관절굽힘근, 엉덩관절모음근에서유의한차이가나타나지않았다 (p>.05). 따라서실험군과대조군모두에서균형수행력향상이나타났지만실험군에서조금더유의하게향상되었고, 근긴장도의변화는두군에서나타나지않았다. 경직성양하지뇌성마비아동에게체간근력강화운동은근긴장도의변화없이앉은자세균형수행력을향상시키는데효과적임을알수있었다. Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of trunk muscle strengthening exercises on balance performance of sitting posture and muscle tone, targeting the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. 16 children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy in IV phase of GMFCS were sampled at random and the tests were conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times per week. For experimental groups, only trunk muscle strengthening exercises were conducted and for control groups, only basic physical therapy was conducted. The trunk muscle strengthening exercise consisted of 2 exercises to strengthen abdominal muscles and back muscles. BPM(Balance Performance Monitor) was used to measure balance performance and MMAS(Modified Modified Ashworth Scale) was used to measure muscle tone. As a result, the changes of sitting balance performance in experimental groups and control groups show significant difference in the changes of sway path and sway velocity(p<.05), the comparison of changes in sitting balance performance in between experimental groups and control groups show significant difference in the changes of sway path and sway velocity(p<.05). Knee flexor muscles and hip adductor muscles in both groups show no significant difference in changes of the muscle tone(p>.05). Therefore, the balance performance in both experimental groups and control groups was improved. However, the experimental group had more significant improvement in balance performance and no change in muscle tone was detected in both groups. Thus, these findings show trunk muscle strengthening exercises are effective in improving the balance performance of sitting posture for the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy without changing muscle tone. Key words : Cerebral palsy, Strengthening exercise, Sitting balance, Muscle tone * Corresponding Author : Jin-Sang Kim Tel: jskim0@daegu.ac.kr 접수일 12 년 08 월 02 일수정일 12 년 08 월 21 일게재확정일 12 년 09 월 06 일 4098
2 1. 서론 뇌성마비는태아혹은영아의뇌에발생한비진행성질환으로, 활동제한을유발하는일군의운동및자세발달장애를일컬으며, 운동장애는감각, 인지, 의사소통, 지각, 행동장애혹은경련등으로인해발생된다 [1]. 대부분의경직성뇌성마비아동들의경우태내에서의경험부족과지연으로인해대부분의움직임이근위부근육의동시수축이유발되지않는불안정한움직임을가지며, 골반후방경사부족, 허리폄근육의신장부족, 균형능력부족, 항중력굴곡요소와의협력수축부족등으로인해복부근육이발달하지못한다 [2]. 또한머리조절능력과체간안정성이감소되어올바른자세유지가어렵고, 근육의비정상적인경직으로인해근력의약화와불균형, 근위축, 운동조절장애, 근협응장애가초래된다 [3, 4]. 뇌성마비아동들은이러한이상증상들로인해일상생활동작을위해중요한요소중하나인균형조절과자세조절에서도어려움을가지게되며, 선자세에서의활동에많은제약이있을뿐만아니라, 앉은자세에서도기능적움직임에많은제한을가지게된다 [5, 6, 7]. 앉은자세에서의균형조절능력은낙상의위험도를감소시켜주변환경과의상호작용을촉진시키고, 휠체어사용에도움이될뿐만아니라, 뇌성마비아동들의일상생활이나사회생활의수행하는데필수적인요소이다 [8, 9, 10]. 뇌성마비아동의자세조절능력을향상시키기위해서는체간의안정성확보가무엇보다중요하다. 그런데안정성확보에실패할경우신체의어떠한움직임도정확하게일어나기어려우며, 이로인한보상작용으로비정상적인신체정렬이유발된다. 이는곧근골격계의문제를야기시켜정상적인성장발달에부정적인영향을미치게된다. 이러한문제를극복하기위해서는체간의안정성확보가우선되어야하며, 이후기능적인움직임을향상시켜자세를조절할수있도록해야한다 [11]. 뇌성마비아동의자세조절장애를유발하는주요원인중하나는운동기능과직접적인관련이있는근력의약화로인한것으로볼수있다.[12]. Fowler 등 [13] 은뇌성마비아동의경우근력이약하고지구력이떨어지며, 신체활동에제한이있다고보고하였고, 송병호 [14] 는이러한뇌성마비아동을치료할때에는근본적문제인체간근력약화와안정성부족으로인해기능적인동작수행에어려움이있다는점을간과해서는안되며, 체간근력향상으로안정성을강화시킬수있는운동이지속되어야한다고하였다. 또한 Givon[15] 도뇌성마비아동의 운동프로그램에서근력강화가중요한구성요소에포함되어야한다고강조하였다. 뇌성마비치료에있어근본적인치료는손상된뇌의회복을추구하는것이지만, 아직까지는임상적으로의미있는회복을보인치료법은없으며, 경직성근긴장도와같은장애정도를감소시키거나일상생활동작의참여를증가시키기위한치료법들이현재널리사용되어지고있다. 이런치료법들에는보바스신경발달치료법, 감각운동치료, 보이타치료법, 감각통합치료, 근력강화운동등이있다 [16]. 이중근력강화운동방법은뇌성마비에서근력약화가주요한문제가아니고, 근력강화는오히려경직을증가시킬수있다는과거많은치료사들의견해때문에뇌성마비치료에서금기시되었다 [17]. 하지만, 최근여러연구들은뇌성마비치료에있어서근력강화가경직을증가시킨다는과거의의견에반대되는연구결과들을제시하고있으며, 근력강화운동의필요성과중요성을강조하고있다 [15]. 뇌성마비아동에게근력강화운동을적용한선행연구들을살펴보면, Damiano 등 [17] 은뇌성마비아동에게넙다리네갈래근근력강화운동을적용한결과근력이정상으로회복되었고, 움추림보행이감소하였다고보고하였다. Rose와 McGill[18] 의연구에서는뇌성마비아동의근력강화운동후신체움직임과보행이향상되었고, Dodd등 [19] 의연구에서는대운동기능분류시스템 1-3 단계의 10대뇌성마비아동들을대상으로가정운동프로그램을통한근력강화운동을적용한결과하지근력이증가되었고, 운동수행능력이향상되었으며, 근긴장도는오히려감소되었다고보고하였다. 국내의경우남기원등 [20] 은 9명의경직성양하지마비아동을대상으로무릎관절폄근과발바닥쪽굽힘근에 8주간근력강화운동을실시한결과, 운동기능이향상되었고, 골격근의질과역학적구조변화에효과적이었다고보고하였다. 이은주등 [21] 은탄성밴드를이용하여 3 명의뇌성마비아동을대상으로 4주간의근력강화운동을적용한결과대운동기능과균형능력이향상되었다고보고하였다. 이와같이여러학자들의연구결과에따르면근력강화운동은뇌성마비아동의근력증가뿐아니라, 운동기능향상에직접적인연관을가지며, 경직의증가와같은부정적인영향없이기능향상을가져올수있는효과적인운동임을알수있다. 하지만, 여러선행연구들은대부분보행이가능한뇌성마비아동을대상으로체간하부나하지의근력강화운동을통해대운동기능과보행향상에중점을두어연구하였고, 보행이불가능한뇌성마비아동의체간근력 4099
3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 9 호, 2012 강화운동과앉은자세균형수행력향상에관한연구는그리많지않은실정이다. 이에본연구에서는체간의불안정으로앉은자세에서의균형능력감소를가지는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동에게기능적향상을위한체간근력강화운동을적용하여앉은자세균형수행력향상과근긴장도변화에어떤영향을미치는지알아보고자하였다. 2. 연구내용및방법 2.1 연구대상 본연구에참여한대상자는대구에소재한 D병원에서물리치료를받는 16명의뇌성마비아동으로, 2011년 1월부터 2월까지 6주에걸쳐연구가진행되었다. 대상아동들은병원에서경직성양하지뇌성마비로판정받은아동으로정신지체를동반한중복장애아동들은제외하였으며, 체간근력강화운동을중점으로실시한실험군과기존의보바스신경발달치료를받는대조군으로분류하고, 각집단에 8명씩무작위배치하였다. 본연구의대상자조건은다음과같다. 1) 경직성뇌성마비로의학적진단을받은아동중에서뇌성마비대운동기능분류시스템제4단계에해당하는아동. 2) 연구자의지시내용을이해할수있는아동. 3) 보호자또는본인이연구참여에동의한아동. 4) 정형외과적수술을받지않은아동. 2.2 연구방법연구대상자는체간근력강화운동을실시한실험군 8명, 기존의보바스신경발달치료를받는대조군 8명으로, 운동을시작하기전실험군대상자에게체간근력강화운동의각항목에관한설명을제공하였다. 실험군의운동은본연구자가직접지도하였으며, 준비운동 5분, 본운동으로체간근력강화운동 20분, 정리운동 5분을실시하였다. 보바스신경발달치료를적용한대조군은신경발달치료를하는전문치료사에의해이루어졌으며, 준비운동 5분, 본운동으로정상운동패턴유발을위한정위, 평형, 보호반응등, 자세반사의정상화를위한운동을 20분간실시한후정리운동을 5분간실시하였다. 준비운동과정리운동은아동의근긴장도의변화가없는범위내에서관절가동범위스트레칭으로실시하였다. 실험군과대조군은하루 30분씩주 3회 6주간운동을 실시하였고, 실험군의대상자들은체간근력강화운동각항목마다 10회씩 3세트를실시하였다. 본연구에서사용된체간근력강화운동은오정림 [10] 과김용순 [22] 의체간근력강화운동방법을본연구에맞게수정하여적용하였으며, 경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의체간을구성하는근육들중일반적으로약한복직근과복사근을복부근육군으로정하고, 척추기립근과대둔근을배부근육군으로정하여근력강화운동을실시하였다. 본연구에사용된복부근육군과배부근육군의근력강화운동방법은다음과같다 복부근육군근력강화운동방법복부근육군강화를위한운동은바로누운자세에서무릎당기기와상체들어올리기를실시하였다. 무릎당기기는대상자가바로누운자세에서무릎을가슴쪽으로당기며유지하도록하였고, 상체들어올리기는대상자가바로누운자세에서머리를들면서상체를최대한굽혀유지하도록지시하였다 배부근육군근력강화운동방법배부근육군강화를위한운동은바로누운자세에서엉덩이들기와엎드린자세에서상체들어올리기를실시하였다. 바로누운자세에서엉덩이들기는대상자가바로누운자세에서엉덩이를위로들어올려유지하도록지시하였고, 엎드린자세에서상체들어올리기는대상자가엎드린자세에서머리를들면서최대한상체를들어올려유지하도록지시하였다. 2.3 측정도구 앉은자세균형수행력측정도구앉은자세의균형수행력측정은영국의 SMS Healthcare 사에서제작되어단일표본사례측정 (single-case experimental design) 을통해타당도와신뢰도가검증된 [23], 균형수행력측정도구 (balance performance monitor, BPM) 를사용하였다. BPM는기존의균형측정도구에비해경제적이며이동과설치가쉽고측정과결과에대한해석이간편하고명료하다는장점이있으며, 신체중심의분포와동요각, 동요거리, 동요속도, 동요주기등을측정하여정확하게제공할수있는균형을위한평가도구로서많이사용되고있다 [24]. 앉은자세균형수행력측정은운동시작전, 운동 6주후에실험군과대조군모두에서실시하였고, 이때측정자세는치료대에걸터앉은자세에서엉덩관절 90도, 무릎관절 90도를유지하며발은바닥에닿지않게자세를 4100
4 취하였다. 대상자의손은무릎위에위치하고시선은전방 15도를향한자세에서측정을실시하였다 [25]. BPM 자료는앉은자세에서총 30초동안움직임의변화로얻어진동요거리와동요속도를한대상자당 3번측정을하여그평균값을사용하였다 근긴장도측정도구체간근력강화운동에따른뇌성마비아동의근긴장도변화를측정하기위하여한글판 MMAS(Modified Modified Ashworth Scale) 를사용하였다 [26]. MMAS는 MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale) 의낮은신뢰도를보완하기위하여 MAS의등급 1과 1 +, 1 + 와 2의모호한차이를위해 1 + 를삭제하고, 등급 2의의미를명확히하였다 [27]. MMAS는 5등급으로구분되어있다. 근긴장도측정은운동시작전, 운동 6주후에실험군과대조군에서실시하였다. 근긴장도측정은대상자가바로누운자세를취한상태에서사전운동을실시하지않고바로측정하였고, 측정대상근육군은무릎관절굽힘근과엉덩관절모음근을선택하여측정하였다. 측정은일정한강도의느린속도로 5회정도반복한후에 G0~G4로기록하였다 대운동기능분류시스템 (Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS) GMFCS는뇌성마비아동의대운동기능상현시점에서의능력과제한점을어느단계가가장잘대변하는지를결정하는데초점을둔측정도구로, 가정, 학교, 지역사회에서의일상적인수행정도를중요시하며따라서현시점의대운동기능수행정도를분류하게된다. GMFCS 는뇌성마비아동을생후 2년미만, 생후 2년 ~4년미만, 생후 4년 ~6년미만, 생후 6년 ~12년미만, 생후 12년 ~18 년미만으로 5단계연령으로나누고각연령대별로장애정도를 5단계로분류한다. 본연구에서는보행에제한을가지며자가이동은가능하나제한적이며전동이동장비를사용할수있는제4 단계아동을대상으로하였다 [28]. GMFCS에대한측정자간신뢰도는 0.96, 검사-재검사신뢰도는 0.79이다 [29]. 2.4 자료분석자료분석은조사된각항목을부호화하여 SPSS windows version 20.0 을이용하여처리하였다. 두그룹간의평균차이값을알아보기위하여독립표본 t-test를실시하였고, 운동전 후의앉은자세균형수행력과근긴장도의변화를알아보기위하여대응표본 t-test를실 시하였다. 유의수준 α 는.05 로하였다. 3. 연구결과 3.1 연구대상자의일반적특성 연구에참여한대상자는실험군 8명과대조군 8명으로총 16명이본연구에참여하였다. 연구대상자의일반적특성은표 1과같다. 3.2 운동전실험군과대조군의비교두그룹의중재전앉은자세균형수행력을비교하기위하여앉은자세에서동요거리와동요속도를측정후분석하였다. 두그룹간에는유의한차이가없는것으로나타나동질성이확보되었다 [ 표 2]. 3.3 운동전 후실험군과대조군의앉은자세균형수행력변화실험군과대조군의앉은자세균형수행력평가에서실험군의동요거리는 ±18.88mm, 동요속도는 23.75±3.85mm/s로감소하였고, 대조군의동요거리는 ±8.73mm, 동요속도는 31.88±2.47mm/s 로감소하였다. 체간근력강화운동을중점으로실시한실험군 (p<.05) 과보바스신경발달치료만실시한대조군 (p<.05) 모두동요거리와동요속도에서통계적으로유의하게감소하였다 [ 표 3]. 3.4 운동후실험군과대조군의앉은자세균형수행력변화비교운동후실험군과대조군의동요거리, 동요속도비교에있어서실험군은 41.63±21.12mm, 11.38±2.56mm/s 감소를보였고, 대조군은 8.25±2.60mm, 2.00±1.41mm/s 감소를보였으며, 실험군의동요거리 (p<.05), 동요속도 (p<.05) 가대조군에비해유의한감소를나타냈다 [ 표 4]. 3.5 운동전 후근긴장도의변화비교실험군의무릎관절굽힘근과엉덩관절모음근에서운동후근긴장도의변화를보였지만통계적으로유의한감소를나타내지는않았다 (p>.05). 대조군의무릎관절굽힘근과엉덩관절모음근에서는근긴장도의변화를보이지않았다 [ 표 5]. 4101
5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 9 호, 2012 [ 표 1] 대상자의일반적특성 [Table 1] General characteristics of subjects Variables Experimental group Control group p Gender M / F 5 / 3 5 / 3 Total Cause Prematurity 8 8 Age(years) 9.00± ± Height(cm) ± ± Weight(Kg) 31.00± ± GMFCS IV Type Diplegia [ 표 2] 운동전실험군과대조군의비교 [Table 2] A comparison of subjects between experimental group and control group (M±SD) Experimental group Control group Pre-test t p Sway path(mm) ± ± Sway velocity(mm/s) 35.13± ± p<.05 [ 표 3] 앉은자세균형수행력변화 [Table 3] The changes of sitting balance performance (M±SD) Experimental group Control group p<.05 Pre-test Post-test t p Sway path(mm) ± ± Sway velocity(mm/s) 35.13± ± Sway path(mm) ± ± Sway velocity(mm/s) 33.88± ± [ 표 4] 앉은자세균형수행력변화비교 [Table 4] A comparison of changes in sitting balance performance (M±SD) Experimental group Control group t p Sway path(mm) 41.63± ± Sway velocity(mm/s) 11.38± ± p<.05 [ 표 5] 운동전후근긴장도변화비교 [Table 5] A comparison of changes of muscle tone between pre-exercise and post-exercise (M±SD) Group Muscle Location Pr-test Post-test t p Rt. 1.88± ± Knee flexor Experimental Lt. 1.88± ± group Rt a ± a ±0.46 Hip adductor Lt a ± a ±0.46 Rt a ± a ±0.64 Knee flexor Lt a ± a ±0.64 Control Group Rt a ± a ±0.54 Hip adductor Lt a ± a ±0.54 a : standard error 0. p<
6 4. 고찰 본연구는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동을대상으로체간근력강화운동을적용한후뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력과근긴장도변화에미치는영향을알아봄으로써경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의운동기능향상을위한근력강화운동의효과와적용가능성에대하여알아보고자하였다. 본연구에서는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의체간근력강화를위한운동으로복부근육군과배부근육군에근력강화운동을실시하였는데, 이와같은근육들은일반적으로경직성뇌성마비아동들에게서약한특성을보이며 [30], 이런근육들의약화는앉은자세동안에바른자세유지를어렵게만든다. Heide[31] 는복직근과척추기립근은앉은자세를조절하는데있어주요한역할을담당한다고하였고, Vera-Garcia[32] 는체간근력강화운동은체간의안정성을위해작용하는복직근, 복사근등의복부근육활성을증가시킨다고하였다. 오정림 [10] 의연구를보면, 경직성뇌성마비아동을대상으로체간근력강화운동을실시한후복직근과척추기립근에서근전도를측정한결과, 체간근력강화운동전후에서유의한차이가나타났고, 경직성뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력향상을위해서는복직근과척추기립근의활성이필요함을제시하였다. 본연구결과, 체간근력강화운동을실시한실험군과기존의보바스신경발달치료를실시한대조군모두에서운동후앉은자세균형수행력의향상이나타났지만, 실험군과대조군은통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<.05). 이는실험군이앉은자세에서동요거리와동요속도가더많이감소하였음을의미하며, 체간근력강화운동을실시한실험군의앉은자세균형수행력이대조군보다더증가되었음을의미한다. 이와같은결과는복부근육군과배부근육군의근력강화운동이경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력향상에영향을미쳤기때문에, 복직근과척추기립근의근력향상이앉은자세조절에주요하게작용한다는선행연구들의결과를지지하는내용이라할수있다. Unger[33] 와 McBurney[34] 는경직성뇌성마비아동에게근력강화운동을적용한결과, 대운동기능에서향상과근력그리고보행능력이향상되었다고보고하였으며, 이는체간근력강화운동이경직성뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력향상에도움이되었다는본연구의결과와유사하다고할수있다. 이재학 [35] 은뇌성마비아동에게수중치료를통한체간근력강화운동을적용한결과앉기자세유지능력에서향상이나타났다고 하였고, 송병호 [36] 와이은주 [21] 는탄성밴드를이용하여뇌성마비아동에게체간근력강화운동을적용한결과앉은자세변화와균형에효과적이었다고보고하였다. 이들의연구는수중치료와탄성밴드를체간근력강화에이용하였다는점에서차이는있지만궁극적으로체간근력강화운동이뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력에효과적이었다는본연구의결과와일치한다고할수있다. 또한, 김용순 [22] 은체간근력강화운동이경직성뇌성마비아동의대운동기능에미치는영향을연구하였는데, 누운자세에서일어나기다리들고버티기, 다리펴고들었다내리기, 반대편으로일어나앉기, 무릎가슴까지구부리기, 엎드린자세에서다리들기, 쪼그렸다일어서기등의근력강화운동을적용한결과, 네발기기, 무릎서기, 걷기, 달리기, 점프하기등의기능에는의미가있었으나서기와앉기기능에서는큰영향을미치지못하였다고하였다. 그러나본연구에서는체간근력강화를위한운동으로바로누운자세에서무릎당기기와상체들어올리기, 바로누운자세에서엉덩이들기와엎드린자세에서상체들어올리기운동을실시한결과, 앉은자세균형수행력의향상이나타났다. 이와같은차이는본연구에서체간근력강화운동을보다집중적으로실시하였기때문에앉은자세균형수행력의향상이나타났을것으로생각된다. 경직성뇌성마비아동의체간근력강화운동에따른근긴장도의변화를측정하기위하여, 한글판 MMAS를사용하였는데, MMAS는 MAS의낮은신뢰도를보완하기위하여 MAS의등급 1 + 를삭제하고, 등급 2의의미를명확히하였다 [27]. 따라서측정시근긴장도정도를 MAS보다명확히분류할수있는장점이있다. 본연구에서는체간근력강화운동을실시한후무릎관절굽힘근과엉덩관절모음근의근긴장도변화를알아보았는데, 근긴장도측정결과운동전 후보바스신경발달치료를실시한대조군에서는근긴장도의변화가나타나지않았고, 체간근력강화운동을실시한실험군의일부아동에서는근긴장도변화가보였지만통계적으로유의한차이는없었다 (p<.05). 따라서근력강화운동에따른근긴장도의변화는없었다고할수있다. Damiano 등 [37] 은경직성양하지뇌성마비아동을대상으로주 3회씩 6주간근력강화운동을실시하였는데, 뇌성마비아동의근력이정상대조군아동의근력만큼정상화되었고움추림보행이감소하였으며뇌성마비아동의근력이경직의증가없이강화되었고, Fowler 등 [38] 은뇌성마비아동의넙다리네갈래근에근력강화운동을적용한후경직이증가되는지를테스트하였는데최대한의노력을통한근력강화운동이뇌성마비아동에게서경직의증가를유발하 4103
7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 9 호, 2012 지않는다고보고하였다. 이재학 [35] 의연구에서는뇌성마비아동을대상으로수중치료를통해체간근력강화운동을실시한후넙다리네갈래근과무릎관절굽힘근의근긴장도변화를측정하였는데운동전 후근긴장도의변화가나타나지않았다고하였다. 이들의결과는경직성뇌성마비아동에게체간근력강화운동을적용후근긴장도의변화를보이지않은본연구결과와일치한다. 이상의결과를통해서, 체간근력강화운동은경직의증가나부정적인영향없이앉은자세결함을보이는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동에게기능적향상을가져올수있는효과적인운동임을알수있었다. 하지만, 본연구는대상자가각그룹 8명씩, 총 16명으로비교적적은수의대상자에게시행하였고, 또한경직성양하지뇌성마비아동만을대상으로실시하였기때문에모든뇌성마비아동에게일반화하여해석하기어렵다는제한점을가진다. 향후본연구의제한점을보완하여, 다양한근력강화운동의효과를객관적으로입증할수있는연구들이이루어져야할것이다. 5. 결론 본연구는경직성양하지뇌성마비아동을대상으로체간근력강화운동을실시하여아동의앉은자세균형수행력과근긴장도변화에미치는영향을알아보기위하여실시되었다. 연구결과체간근력강화운동은경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의앉은자세균형수행력향상에유의한영향을미쳤으며, 체간근력강화운동에따른근긴장도변화는유의한차이를나타내지않았다. 이상의결과로볼때경직성양하지뇌성마비를가진아동에게적용된체간근력강화운동은근긴장도의변화없이앉은자세균형수행력을향상시킨다는것을확인할수있었으며, 임상에서치료사들이체간의불안정성을가진뇌성마비아동을치료할때, 다른치료방법과함께체간근력강화운동을적용하여다양한치료접근방법으로활용할수있을것으로기대된다. References [1] M. Bax, M. Goldstein, P. Rosenbaum, et al., Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005 Dev Med Child Neurol, 47(8), pp , [2] H. C. Kwon, C. H. Lee, Advanced physical therapy I, pp , Hyunmoon Publisher, [3] B. Bobath, Adult hemiplegia: evaluation and treatment. 2nd. ed., Oxford, England: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd., [4] M. H. Choi, D. H. Lee, H. L. Ro, "Effect of task-oriented training and neurodevelopmental treatment on the sitting posture in children with cerebral palsy", J Phys Ther Sci, 23(2)p , [5] E. Brogren, M. Hadders-Algraa, H. Forssberg, Postural control in sitting children with cerebral palsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 22(4), pp , [6] F. R. van der Weel, A. L. H. van der Meer, D. N. Lee, "Measuring dysfunction of basic movement control in cerebral palsy", Hum Mov Sci, 15(2), pp , [7] H. F. Liao, A. W.Hwang, "Relations of balance function and gross motor ability for children with cerebral palsy", Percept Mot Skills, 96(3), pp , [8] H. M. Kerr, J. J. Eng, "Multidirectional measures of seated postural stability.", Clinical Biomechanics, 17(7), pp. 555, [9] J. S. Kim, S. C. Gwak, J, G, Jung, "Posture guidance of children with cerebral palsy", Daegu University Press, [10] J. L. Oh, "The effects of trunk muscle strength training on sitting balance of children with spastic cerebral palsy", Daegu University Dissertation of Master Degree, [11] S. J. Jo, The effects of the appropriateness of the postural control exercise program on trunk muscle control ability and gross motor function movement for the children with cerebral palsy., Dankook University Dissertation of Doctor Degree, [12] D. L. Damiano, M. F. Abel, "Functional outcomes of strength training in spastic cerebral palsy", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 79(2), pp , [13] E. G. Fowler, T. H. Kolobe, D. L. Damiano, et al., "Promotion of physical fitness and prevention of secondary conditions for children with cerebral palsy: section on pediatrics research summit proceedings" Phys Ther, 87(11), pp , [14] B. H. Song, J. Y. Yoon, "The effects of trunk strengthening exercise using therapeutic ball on the gross functional movements for the cerebral palsy children with spastic type", Special Education Research, 2(2), pp , [15] U. Givon, "Muscle weakness in cerebral palsy", Acta 4104
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9 한국산학기술학회논문지제 13 권제 9 호, 2012 최영철 (Young-Chul Choi) [ 정회원 ] 2010 년 8 월 : 대구대학교재활과학대학원물리치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2011 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 대구대학교대학원재활과학과박사과정 < 관심분야 > 해부학, 신경생리학, 신경계물리치료 이중호 (Jung-Ho Lee) [ 정회원 ] 2009 년 8 월 : 연세대학교인간공학치료학과 ( 이학석사 ) 2011 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 대구대학교대학원재활과학과박사과정 < 관심분야 > 해부학, 신경생리학, 인간공학 김진상 (Jin-Sang Kim) [ 정회원 ] 1987 년 8 월 : 서울대학교대학원수의학과 ( 수의학석사 ) 1990 년 8 월 : 서울대학교대학원수의학과 ( 수의학박사 ) 1991 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 대구대학교물리치료학과교수 < 관심분야 > 신경해부학, 해부학 4106
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