Microsoft Word _ _1038_ _김동현

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1 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp J. Korean Soc. recis. Eng., Vol. 33, No. 12, pp ISSN (rint), ISSN (Online) December 2016 / 맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동이고령자의자세균형기능및체간근력증진에미치는효과 Improvement of ostural Balance and Trunk Muscle Strength: Effect of Free Exercise, Elastic Band Exercise and Balance Exercise 서신배 1, 박규정 2, 김동현 3, Shin Bae Seo 1, Gyu Jung ark 2, and Dong Hyun Kim 3, 1 싸이버메딕부설연구소 (Research Institute, Cybermedic Co., Ltd.) 2 송원대학교사회체육학과 (Department of Social hysical Education, Songwon University) 3 조선대학교특수체육학과 (Department of Adapted hysical Activity, Chosun University) Corresponding author: hyunmin680@hanmail.net, Tel: Manuscript received: / Revised: / Accepted: This study was to verify the effect of complex training programs on the postural balance and trunk muscle strength of the elderly. We recruited 40 elderly participants aged 60 to 75 years. Subjects were evaluated before, and 12 weeks after. The participants underwent complex training programs, including free exercise, elastic band and unstable plate. Exercise were performed as follows: 10 repeats in 50 minutes (0 to 4 weeks), 13 repeats in 50 minutes (5 to 8 weeks), and 15 repeats in 50 minutes (9 to 12 weeks). The training group underwent complex training, including warm up, thrice a week for twelve weeks. The control group did not perform any complex training. Results indicate that the postural balance and trunk muscle strength in the training group significantly increased. Data generated from this study could be applied to develop a complex training program to efficiently build whole body muscle strength. KEYWORDS: Free exercise ( 맨손운동 ), Elastic band exercise ( 탄력밴드운동 ), Balance exercise ( 균형운동 ), Trunk stabilization ( 체간안정화 ), Elderly s postural balance ( 고령자자세균형 ) 1. 서론 사람은노화가진행되면서근력, 유연성과같은운동능력, 인지능력및상황판단능력이저하된다. 1 그중근력은서있거나앉아있는동안신체의정렬을유지시키며, 특히체간근력은정적자세와움직임시척추의운동성과안정성을유지시켜준다. 2 근력은 40세부터매년눈에띄는 감소세를보이며, 특히하지와체간근력의감소는고령자의운동능력저하와낙상위험을증가시킨다. 3 고령자의신체손상중절반이상이낙상사고에의하여발생하며, 4 낙상한노인의 10% 는의학적처치가필요하고 5% 는골절을경험하게되며 2.5% 는골절을치료하기위해입원을한다. 5 따라서고령자의근력증진및낙상예방을위한운동프로토콜에관한연구가활발하게이루어지 Copyright C The Korean Society for recision Engineering This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / 1032 고있다. Hwan 6 은낙상경험유무에따른여성노인의보행과균형능력을비교분석하여고령자의낙상예방을위한운동프로그램의필요성을제시하였다. Kim 7 은하지근력이고령자의균형능력및낙상에미치는영향에대해검증하였으며, Moon 8 은 12주간의체간과하체운동프로그램이노인의균형능력증진에효과적이라보고하였다. Kang 9 은 8주간의전신진동운동이하지근기능을증진시켜자세균형능력을향상시킨다고보고하였다. Kim 10 등은탄력밴드를이용한고관절외전근운동이건강한성인의균형능력증진에효과적이라보고하였으며, ark 11 등은 12주간의밴드운동, 밸런스패드운동등복합운동프로그램이고령자의균형능력변화를분석하여낙상예방효과에대해검증하였다. iao 12 는자세균형훈련기기를이용한훈련이고령자의슬관절과족관절의근력을강화시켜균형능력을증진시키는데효과적이라보고하였다. 최근에는정적, 동적자세균형훈련기기에대한연구가활발하게진행되고있다. Kang 13 등은요추근력운동기기를이용한운동이고령자의유연성과체간근력을증진시켜균형능력향상및낙상예방에효과적인운동방법이라제시하였다. 또한승마운동기기를이용한운동은전신운동으로써, 자세균형능력, 근력및유연성향상시킨다고보고하였다. 14 Shin 2 등은 3차원척추안정화훈련시스템을이용한운동이 20대남성의체간과하지근활성을증진시켜자세균형능력향상에효과적인운동방법임을검증하였다. Ko 15 등은자세균형훈련기기를이용한훈련이뇌졸중으로인한편마비환자의균형능력및보행능력에효과적인운동방법이라제시하였다. Cheung 16 등은전신진동운동이고령자의근활성을증가시켜균형능력을향상시킨다고보고하였다. 이러한다양한방법의근력및유연성강화운동은관절및근육의움직임을증가시키며, 요통및낙상을예방하여고령자의삶의질향상에긍정적인영향을미친다. 17 하지만기존연구에서적용한장비및시스템은고가이거나규모가커서일반고령자들이쉽게접근하기어렵고보건소및복지시설에서활용시에도장비에대한전문성이결여로운동효과는미미한실정이다. 또한지속적인운동을수행해야운동효과를얻을수있지만운동접근성및지속성부족으로실제현장에서고령자의건강증진효과를기대하기는어렵다. 또한대부분의기존연 Table 1 hysical information between groups Age Height Weight BMI Training group 68.5 yr cm 58.5 kg 23.5 Control group 66.9 yr cm 62.3 kg 24.3 Levene test (p-value) 구들도고령자의신체활용중심보다는장비적용에중점이되어있어고령자운동프로그램으로써적용성은높지만실제현장에서활용성은매운낮다. 고령자들이접근하기쉽고활용하기쉬운홈피트니스 (Home Fitness) 운동에관한연구는매우부족한실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는기존연구들과달리고가및큰규모의시스템을하지않고고령자들이언제어디서든지쉽게활용할수있는다양한맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동을이용하여 12 주훈련시고령자의자세균형기능과체간근력증진에미치는영향에대해알아보고자한다. 2. 대상및방법 2.1 대상자본연구에서는최근 6 개월이내에근골격계상해병력이없고, 독립적인보행이가능한건강한 60 세 ~75 세의여성 40 명 (Age 67.7 ± 3.9 Years, Height ± 8.1 cm, Weight 60.4 ± 5.1 kg, BMI 23.9 ± 1.6) 을대상으로진행하였다. 대상자는훈련군 20 명, 대조군 20 명으로무작위로분류하였으며, 연구에앞서대상자들에게본연구에대한목적과위험에대해충분히설명한후동의를얻고진행하였다. 또한실험전동질성검정을실시하여그룹간신체적특성에대한동질성을평가하였다. (Table 1) 2.2 훈련방법훈련군은맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동을수행하였다. 맨손운동은손가락운동 (Finger Joint Exercise), 스쿼트 (Squat), 복부운동 (Abdomen Exercise, 허리운동 (Lumbar Exercise) 과허리운동 (elvic Exercise) 으로구성하였다. 탄력밴드운동구성은 Lateral Raise, Crunch & Kick, Low-Band Seated, Curl-Band 와 Over-Head Lift 이다. 균형운동은중심잡기 (Taking Up Center), 전방보행 (Forward Walking), 측면보행 (Side Walking), 외발서기 (One Leg Stand), 팔흔들기 (Swing Arm), 누워서중심잡기 (Lie-

3 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / 1033 Down and Taking Up Center) 와머리돌리기 (Head Turn) 로구성하였다. 피험자들은맨손운동 15 분, 탄력밴드운동 20 분과균형운동 15 분동안주 3 회실시하였다. 운동강도는훈련시작후 4 주까지각각의운동을 10 회씩실시하였고 8 주까지 13 회와마지막 12 주까지는 15 회로점진적으로증가시켰다. 모든훈련세션은준비운동, 본운동과마무리운동으로순서로진행되었다. 대조군은유 무산소운동을자제하고일상생활을유지하도록권고하였으며, 훈련군과마찬가지로알코올, 카페인과약섭취시보고하도록하였다. 실험군과대조군모두실내온도 26 와습도 55% 수준의일정한환경에서운동및평가가수행되었다. Fig. 1 Evaluation system of trunk muscle strength (Spine Balance 3D, Cybermedic Co., Ltd., Korea) 2.3 평가방법고령자대상 12주간맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동에따른체간근력증진효과를평가하기위해척추안정화평가시스템 (Spine Balance 3D, Cybermedic Co,. Ltd., Korea) 를이용하였다. 8가지방향 (Front: F, Front Oblique Right: FOR, Right: R, Back Oblique Right: BOR, Back: B, Back Oblique Left: BOL, Left: L, Front Oblique Left: L) 으로 30도지점까지기울어지며, 각방향별로 30도지점에서 5초간정지된다. 또한대상자는 0.1도의분해능을가진체간움직임센서를착용하고기기의기울임에따라자세를바르게유지한다. 평가결과에서점수는 Fig. 1과같이원점 ( 정중앙 ) 을기준으로 A부터 E까지각구역을 2도간격으로나눈후체간센서와시스템의방향과기울임각도의일치성을비교분석한다. 일치성이 2도이상차이가발생하면타깃이원점에서멀어지게된다. 점수환산은 A 구역은 100점부터 E 구역 20점으로 20점단위로배점이되며, 총시간동안각구역에서소요된시간과점수를백분율로환산하여 BR이라는값으로표시한다. 본시스템에서는 BR점수는체간근력을평가하는기준으로적용되었다. 18 Fig. 2는균형능력평가시스템 (Tatrax, Sunlight, Israel) 으로독립적인 4개의힘판 (Force late) 에서네가지영역의압력분포를측정하는시스템으로피험자의자세균형능력을평가하기위해사용하였다. 자세균형평가장치는발판전, 후, 좌, 우에지면반력센서에서체중변화를감지하여자세의흔들림을측정하며안정성지수, 체중분포지수, 동시성지수등을분석할수있다. 안정성지수 (Stability Index) 는 4개의센서에서자세의흔들림 Fig. 2 Evaluation system of postural balance (Tetrax TGL 2220GL, Sunlight, Israel) 정도를수치화한것으로값이높을수록안정성이낮다는것을의미한다. 체중분포지수 (Weight Distribution) 는 4 개의센서에서체중의분포정도를나타내는것으로정상치는 4-6 이다. 값이높을수록병적인상태를의미하며, 낮을수록과도한자세의경직을의미한다. 2.4 데이터처리및분석맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동이고령자의자세균형및체간근력증진효과에대한통계적유의성을검증하기위해 SSS 18.0 을사용하였다. 체간근력, 자세균형능력평가결과에대한각각의평균과표준편차를계산하였으며, 모든결과는 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 검정을통해정규성을검정하였으며, 각그룹의운동전, 후변화를비교하기위해대응표본 T- 검정 (aired T-Test) 을실시하였고이때유의수준은 p < 0.05 이다.

4 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / 연구결과및고찰 3.1 연구결과 Table 2,3 은 8 가지조건에따른자세균형평가결과를나타낸것이다. 각결과값은눈을뜨고바로선자세 NO (Normal osition with Eyes Open), 눈을감고바로선자세 NC (Normal osition with Eyes Cloesed), 눈을뜨고쿠션위에올라선자세 O (Eye Open on illows), 눈을감고머리를오른쪽으로회전한자세 HR (Head Turned Right and Eye Closed), 눈을감고쿠션위에올라선자세 C (Eyes Closed on illows), 눈을감고머리를왼쪽으로회전한자세 HL (Head Turned Left and Eyes Closed), 눈을감고머리를 30 도뒤로젖힌자세 HB (eyes closed with Raising Head Backward by 30 Degrees) 와눈을감고머리를 30 도앞으로숙인자세 HF (Eyes Closed with Head Forward about 30 Degrees) 로총 8 가지조건에서측정및분석되었다. 안정성지수결과, 훈련군은 NO 훈련전 28.72, 12 주후 로 33.4% 감소, NC 훈련전 에서 12 주후 로 27.8% 감소, O 훈련전 에서 12 주후 으로 16.5% 감소, C 훈련전 에서 12 주후 로 33.1% 감소, HR 훈련전 에서 12 주후 로 21.5% 감소, HL 훈련전 에서 12 주후 으로 24% 감소, HB 훈련전 에서 12 주후 으로 26.2% 감소, HF 훈련전 에서 12 주후 으로 30.2% 감소하는경향을보였으며, O 조건을제외한모든조건에서유의하게감소하는결과를보였다. 반면대조군은유의한변화를보이지않았다. 체중분포지수는훈련군에서운동전 NO 운동전 6.37 에서 12 주후 3.31 로 48% 감소, NC 훈련전 7.86 에서 12 주후 3.84 로 51.1% 감소, O 훈련전 8.31 에서 12 주후 5.01 로 39.7% 감소, C 훈련전 7.88 에서 12 주후 4.46 으로 43.4% 로감소, HR 훈련전 9.67 에서 12 주후 5.71 로 40.9% 감소, HL 훈련전 9.26 에서 12 주후 6.82 로 26.3% 감소, HB 훈련전 9.9 에서 12 주후 7.8 로 21.2% 감소, HF 훈련전 8.2 에서 12 주후 6.19 로 24.5% 감소하는경향을보였다. HR 조건을제외하고모든조건에서유의한결과를보이지않았다. 또한대조군도유의한변화를보이지않았다. Table 4 는 8 가지방향에따른체간근력평가결과를나타낸것이다. 훈련군의경우 F 방향 1.82% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), B 방향 8.82% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), R 방향 0.61% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), L 방향 19.04% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), FOL 방향 3.88% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), FOR 방향 3.74% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), BOL 방향 14.15% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), BOR 방향 8.54% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ) 증가하는결과를보였다. 특히 F, L, FOL, BOL 방향에서유의하게증가하였다. 대조군의경우 F 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), B 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 80 점 ), R 방향 3.11% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), L 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), FOL 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), FOR 방향 3% ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), BOL 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ), BOR 방향 % ( 훈련전 점, 12 주후 점 ) 로변화하는결과를보였다. 대조군의경우모든방향에서유의성을보이지않았다. 3.2 고찰본연구에서는 12 주간맨손운동과탄력밴드운동과균형운동이고령자의자세균형기능및체간근력증진효과에대해알아보고자하였다. 그결과, 자세안정성이대부분의평가자세에서유의하게증진되는효과를확인하였다. 이는자세안정성에영향을미치는요소인근력, 관절가동범위, 고유수용기와협응기능이모두증진되었기때문이라고판단된다. 기존독립형태의운동은자세안정성에요구되는요인중소수기능만강화시켜자세안정성효과가부족하거나없을수있기때문이라고생각된다. 본연구에서는맨손운동과탄력밴드운동을제공하여근력증진과스트레칭효과를통한관절가동범위증진효과를동시적으로유도할수있었다고사료된다. 또한균형운동을통해불균형판위에서균형유지를위한고유수용기기능증진효과와시각과근육즉, 감각기관과운동기관간통합적협응유도훈련을통해자세안정성기능에긍정적인효과가나타났다고판단된다. 또한 12 주간장기적이고규칙적인운동을통해근골격계와근신경이단순한반응을넘어적응하였고뇌의운동처리학습능력도증진되었다고사료된다. 19 또한인체활동량으로하지근기능이강화되어보행능력을증진되었고이는자세균형능력에긍정적인효과를유도하였다고생각된다. 20,21

5 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / 1035 Table 2 Comparison of postural stability index and weight distribution in training group osition Stability index Weight distribution re ost re ost NO ± ± * 6.37 ± ± NC ± ± * 7.86 ± ± O ± ± ± ± C 37.4 ± ± * 7.88 ± ± HR ± ± * 9.67 ± ± * HL ± ± * 9.26 ± ± HB ± ± * 9.9 ± ± HF ± ± * 8.2 ± ± NO: Normal position with eyes open, NC: Normal position with eyes closed, O: Eyes open on pillows, C: Eyes closed on pillows, HR: Head turned right and eyes closed, HL: Head turned left and eyes closed, HB: Eyes closed with raising head backward by 30 degree, HF: Eyes closed with head forward about 30 degrees (*p < 0.05) Table 3 Comparison of postural stability index and weight distribution in control group (*p < 0.05) osition Stability index Weight distribution re ost re ost NO 18.6 ± ± ± ± NC 23.9 ± ± ± ± O ± ± ± ± C ± ± ± ± HR 26.6 ± ± ± ± HL ± ± ± ± HB ± ± ± ± HF 29.97± ± ± ± NO: Normal position with eyes open, NC: Normal position with eyes closed, O: Eyes open on pillows, C: Eyes closed on pillows, HR: Head turned right and eyes closed, HL: Head turned left and eyes closed, HB: Eyes closed with raising head backward by 30 degree, HF: Eyes closed with head forward about 30 degrees (*p < 0.05) Table 4 Comparison of trunk muscle strength (*p < 0.05) Direction Control group Training group re ost re ost O F ± ± ± ± * O B ± ± ± ± O R ± ± ± ± O L ± ± ± ± * O FOL ± ± ± ± * O FOR ± ± ± ± O BOL ± ± ± ± * O BOR ± ± ± ± O: Origin (Start oint), F: Front, B: Back, R: Right, L: Left, FOL: Front oblique left, FOR: Front oblique right, BOL: Back oblique left, BOR: Back oblique right (*p < 0.05) 결과적으로, 하나의형태의독립적인운동보다맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동과균형운동은피험자들에게근기능, 유연성과자세유지운동효과를동시제공하여체간근력과자세균형기능이모두증진 되는결과를유도하였다고생각된다. 하지만, BMI 결과와 O 결과에서그룹간어떠한유의한결과를보이지않았다. BMI 결과, 본연구의운동이유산소성운동보다는무산소성운동효과를제공하기때

6 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / 1036 문에체중감량효과에는미미한영향을미치는것으로판단된다. 22 O 결과의경우, 쿠션위와같은불안정한지면에서자세유지기능은자세균형을위한체간과대퇴부의고관절전략뿐만아니라하퇴부와족부의족관절전략도함께요구되지만 23 본연구에서는체간의안정성기능만증진되었기때문이라고사료된다. Weight Distribution 결과에서도 HR을제외한모든자세에서유의한결과를보이지않는데이는본연구에서제공한훈련프로그램이체간기능증진목적으로하여균형적인체중분포를위한하지기능증진기능이부족했기때문이라고판단된다. 즉, 균형적인체중분포를위해서는체간기능뿐만아니라전신기능증진에중점을두어야한다고사료된다. 향후이를보완하는전신운동프로그램개발이필요하다고판단된다. 체간근력평가에서는훈련군에서 FOR, FOL 방향을제외한모든방향에서유의한증진결과를보이며체간근력증진효과를확인하였다. 이는본연구에서제공된운동중불안정판을이용하여크런치동작이나플랭크동작이고령자의체간근육군을강화시켜척추안정화기능에긍정적인결과를유도하였다고사료된다. 24 평평한플랫폼운동보다불안정판에서실시한운동이자세유지와운동동작시더많은근수축을유도하여체간의근력강화에더효율적으로작용되었다고판단된다. 4. 결론 본연구에서는맨손운동, 탄력밴드, 균형운동이고령자의체간근력및자세균형기능증진에미치는효과에대해알아보고자하였다. 그결과다음과같은결론을얻을수있었다. 맨손운동, 탄력밴드운동, 균형운동을복합적으로제공하는운동이고령자의자세안정성및체간근력증진에긍정적인효과를보인다. 이는복합적인운동은고령자의근신경근을활성을유도하여근조절능력이강화시키고관절가동범위증가로인한유연성증진및활동량증가에의한근기능과보행능력을증진시키는긍정적인효과나타낸것으로사료된다. 또한고령자의불안정판운동은자세유지와동작에더많은근수축과반응을유도하여체간근육군기능강화에더효율적으로적용되었다고사료된다. 이러한데이터를기반으로고령자들에게낙상 방지와근기능증진에효과적인균형능력증진및근력운동프로그램개발에응용될수있을것이다. 향후연구에서는전자식기기와본연구에서활용한운동프로그램을적용하여고령자들의전신근력증진및낙상예방에효과적인전신근력을균형적으로증진시킬수있는시스템개발에대한연구를진행할것이다. 후기 본연구는광주고령친화종합체험관의지원으로이루어진연구결과입니다. REFERENCES 1. Oh, S. Y., Kim, K. T., Yu, C. H., and Kwon, T. K., Study on Vehicle Haptic-Seat for the Driving Information Transfer to Driver for the Elderly, Journal of Rehabilitation Welfare Engineering & Assistive Technology, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp , Shin, S. H., Yu, M., Jeong, K. Y., Yu, C. H., Kim, K., et al., The Assessment on Electromyography of Trunk Muscle according to assive and Active Trunk Tilt Exercise of 3-D Dynamic ostural Balance Training System, Int. J. recis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 30, No. 3, pp , Choi, D. S., Jeon, Y. K., Won, Y. S., and Lee, H. D., Skeletal Muscle Strength Characteristics in Elder eople and Its Relationship with Body Composition, Korean Journal of Sports Biomechanics, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp , Shanthl, G. S. and Krishnaswamy, B., Risk Factors for Falls in Elderly, Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp , Kim, M. S. and Lee, E. N., A Literature Review of Exercise Intervention for Fall revention in the Elderly, The Journal of Rheumatology Health, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 7-19, Hwang, B. J., Kim, J. W., and Seo, H. K., A Comparison Study of Walk and Balance Ability of Women Elderly with or Without Falls Experience, The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual hysical Therapy, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp , 2011.

7 한국정밀공학회지제 33 권제 12 호 pp December 2016 / Kim, Y. J., Effect of Lower Limbs Strength on Falls and Balance of the Elderly, M.Sc. Thesis, School of Medicine, Chung Nam National University, Moon, J. H., Oak, J. S., and ark, W. Y., The Effect of 12 Week Exercise rogram on Muscle Fitness, Flexibility and Balance in the Fall Down Female Elderly, Exercise Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp , Kang, S.-R., Yu, C.-H., Moon, D.-A., and Kwon, T.- K., Effect of Long Time Whole-Body Vibration Training on Muscle Function and ostural Balance, Int. J. recis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 8, pp , Kim Y. H., ark, J. H., Kim, Y. M., and Lee, M. K., The Effect of Hip Abductor Strengthening Exercise using Elastic Band on Static Balance, The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual hysical Therapy, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp , ark, E. Y. and Lee, J. H., The Effect of Complex Exercise rogram for revention of Falls on Fitness in Elderly, Exercise Science, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp , iao, Y. J., Kim, K., Yu, M., Kwon, T. K., Kim, D. W., et al., Analysis on Training Effects of ostural Control for Elderly Adults, Int. J. recis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 10, No. 3, pp , Kang, S. R., Kim, K., Jeong, K. Y., Moon, D. A., and Kwon, T. K., Characteristic Analysis of Flexibility and Muscle Strength according to Exercise Using Lumbar Strength Exercise Instrument, Journal of Rehabilitation Welfare Engineering & Assistive Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp , Kang, S. R., Kim, E. R., Jeong, K. Y., Moon, D. A., and Kwon, T. K., Analysis on the Flexibility and Muscle Function in Young Adults Using Indoor Horseback Riding Machine, Journal of Rehabilitation Welfare Engineering & Assistive Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-11, Ko, M. H., ark, B. H., Chong, W. S., Lee, S. Y., Kwon, T. K., et al., Effect of Newly Developed Balance Training System in atients with Stroke, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol , No. 1, pp , Cheung, W. H., Mok, H. W., Qing, L., Sze,. C., Lee, K. M., et al., High Frequency Whole Body Vibration Improves Balancing Ability in Elderly Women, Archives of hysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 88, No. 1, pp , Arokoski, J.., Valta, T., Airaksinen, O., and Kankaanpaa, M., Back and Abdominal Muscle Function during Stabilization Exercises, Archenemy hysical Medicine Rehabilitation, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp , Seo, S. B., Kim, D. H., and Jung, H. C., The Effect of 3-D Spine Stabilization Training on Trunk Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Elderly, Journal of Rehabilitation Welfare Engineering and Assistive Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp , Choi, J. H., Effect of Forest Exercise on the Daily Activity-Related hysical Function and Balance in the Elderly, The Korean Journal of hysical Education, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp , Jung, D. and Joo, K., The Effect of Resistance Exercise by Elastic Band for Improved to Daily Living hysical Fitness in Old-Age Women, Exercise Science, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp , Rubenstein, L. Z., Josephson, K. R., Trueblood,. R., Loy, S., Harker, J. O., et al., Effects of a Group Exercise rogram on Strength, Mobility and Falls among Fall rone Elderly Men, Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Science, Vol. 55, No. 6, pp , Cho, S. H., Kim, J. H., and Choi, M. H., The Effect of Short-Term Lumbar Stabilization Exercise for Lumbar Muscle Strength and ostural Balance on Chronic LB, Journal of The Korean Society of hysical Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp , Yu, C. H., iao, Y. J., Kim, K., and Kwon, T. K., The Effects of an 8-Weeks Training on ostural Control for the Elderly, Int. J. recis. Eng. and Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 1, pp , Shin, Y. A., Comparison of Core Stabilizer Muscle Activity according to Movement Difficulty and Stability during Various TRX lank, The Official Journal of the Korean Association of Certified Exercise, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp , 2014.

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