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1 2) 대한한방부인과학회지 J Korean Obstet Gynecol. VOL.29 NO.2 : (2016) 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 대전대학교한의과대학부인과교실이혜인, 장새별, 유정은, 유동열 ABSTRACT Effect of Samki-eum Gamibang Water Extract on Dexamethasone-treated Osteoblast Hye-In Lee, Sae-Byul Jang, Jeong-Eun Yoo, Dong-Youl Yoo Dept. of Oriental Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dae-Jeon University Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of water extract of Samki-eum Gamibang (SKG) on osteoblast proliferation in murine calvarial cells. Methods: The osteoblast separated from calvariae of murine was cultivated and evaluated the function of cell. After the addition of SKG on the culture medium, we investigated the effect of SKG on the cell viability, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone matrix protein synthesis and collagen synthesis of the cultivated osteoblast. Results: SKG increased the survival rate and proliferation of rat calvarial osteoblast. SKG increased ALP activity, bone matrix protein synthesis and collagen synthesis of rat calvarial osteoblast. Conclusions: This study suggests that SKG has effect on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) resulting from increase of osteoblast function. Key Words: Samki-eum Gamibang (SKG), glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), osteoporosis, osteoblast Corresponding author(dong-youl Yoo) : You & Green Korean Medicine Clinic, 70 Moonjung-ro 48th-gil, Tanbang-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon City, Republic of Korea Tel : wm119@naver.com 15
2 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 Ⅰ. 서론 골다공증은골량이감소하고골질이변화하여뼈의미세구조가손상되고약한외력에도골절위험이증가하는상태로정의된다 1). 건강보험심사평가원보고서에따르면 2004~2008년건강보험심사청구자료를분석한결과, 50세이상의인구중골다공증골절발생은연평균 3.8% 씩늘어나는것으로밝혀졌다. 2009년국민건강영양조사에의하면우리나라의 50세이상인구의골다공증유병률은남자 8.1%, 여자 38.7% 로남자에비해서여자가 4배이상높았다 2). 골다공증은골절후에통증, 행동장애, 보행장애, 일상생활수행능력장애 2) 등을포함하는장기간후유증으로삶의질에도많은영향을미치므로고령화가급속도로진행되는시점에서, 골다공증에대한적극적인치료와예방은필수적이라할수있다. 부신피질에서분비되는스테로이드호르몬인글루코코르티코이드는임상적으로가장광범위하게사용되는약물로항염증작용과면역억제의기능으로척수손상, 관절염, 자가면역질환, 피부염, 천식등여러질병의치료약으로흔히사용되는데 3), 조골세포와성선호르몬등에영향을주어골형성을감소시키며, 파골세포와부갑상선호르몬의기능증가를통해골흡수를증가시켜결과적으로골량을감소시킴으로골다공증을유발한다고알려져있다 4). 한의학문헌에서는골다공증에관한직접적인언급은없으나, 임상증상으로보면骨痿, 骨痺, 骨傷, 骨枯, 骨極등의범주에속한다고할수있으며 5), 임상에 서는腎陰虛, 腎陽虛, 氣血兩虛, 風邪偏勝등으로변증하여치료하고있다 6). 三氣飮은明代張介賓이저술한 景岳全書 7) 에처음으로수록되었으며, 黃度淵의 方藥合編 8) 에도기록되었다. 景岳全書 7), 方藥合編 8) 에서三氣飮은氣血이손상된상태에서風寒濕이침입하여발생한筋骨의歷節痺痛과痢疾후鶴膝風을치료하며營血不和로外邪가침입하여발생한陰寒痺痛證을치료한다하였다. 본연구에서사용한三氣飮加味方은 景岳全書 7), 方藥合編 8) 의三氣飮처방구성 ( 숙지황, 두충, 우슬, 당귀, 구기자, 백복령, 백작약, 육계, 세신, 백지, 부자, 감초 ) 에祛風除濕, 通痺解表止痛의효능이있는독활과淸熱解毒, 消癰排膿, 利尿通淋의효능이있는어성초를가미하였다. 최근의연구결과에서三氣飮과三氣飮加味方은관절염 9-12) 과골다공증 13-6), 진통및소염 17), 뇌손상및혈전 18) 등에효과가있음이밝혀졌다. 특히골다공증과관련해서三氣飮加味方이조골세포를활성화시키며파골세포의분화를억제한다는연구 15) 가있었으나, 스테로이드제제 ( 글루코코르티코이드 ) 투여로발생한골다공증에미치는영향에대한연구는아직접하지못하였다. 이에저자는 rat fetus 의두개골에서조골세포를분리하여배양한후합성글루코코르티코이드인 dexamethasone 으로처리하여조골세포작용을억제한후三氣飮加味方물추출물을투여하여조골세포생존율과분열능, alkaline phosphatase 활성, 골기질단백질합성및 collagen 생합성에미치는영향을평가하여三氣飮加味方의글루코코르티코이드유래골 16
3 J Korean Obstet Gynecol Vol.29 No.2 May 2016 다공증에대한치료효과를관찰하여유의한결과를얻었기에보고하는바이다. Ⅱ. 실험 1. 재료 1) 동물실험동물은임신을한암컷 SD rat를대한바이오링크에서구매하여실험실에적응시킨후사용하였다. 실험기간동안고형사료및물을충분히제공하여자유롭게섭취하도록하였다. 2) 약재三氣飮加味方의구성약물은 景岳全書 7), 方藥合編 8) 의三氣飮을기본으로하여독활과어성초를가미하고약재의용량은조정하였다. 약재는대전대학교둔산한방병원에서구입한것을엄선하여사용하였다 (Table 1). Table 1. Prescription of Samki-eum Gamibang 韓藥名 生藥名 用量 (g) 熟地黃 Rehmanniae Radix Preparat 12 杜仲 Eucommiae Cortex 2 Achyranthis Bidentatae 牛膝 Radix 2 當歸 Angelicae Gigantis Radix 2 枸杞子 Lycii Fructus 2 白茯苓 Hoelen 2 白芍藥 Paeoniae Radix Alba 2 肉桂 Cinnamomi Cortex 2 細辛 Asari Radix 2 白芷 Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 2 Aconti Lateralis Preparata 附子 Radix 2 甘草 Glycyrrhizae Radix 4 獨活 Angelicae pubescentis Radix 2 魚腥草 Houttuyniae Herba 10 Total 방법 1) 검액제조三氣飮加味方 48 g에증류수 1 l를가하고 6시간이상가열하여환류추출하였다. 여과지로여과한후, 여액을 evaporator (EYERA, Japan) 을사용하여감압농축한다음동결건조하여실험대상에사용할때까지냉동보관하였다. 실험시에는三氣飮加味方추출물 ( 이하 SKG라함 ) 을배지에녹인다음 pore size 가 0.45 μm 인여과지에통과시킨후사용하였다. 2) 약물처리실험은 4개군, 즉 (1) 0.01% demethyl sulfoxide(dmso) 로처리한정상대조군 (Normal control, NC), (2) dexamethasone 단독처리군, (3) dexamethasone 을처리한후 1 μg/ml의三氣飮加味方추출물을투여한군 (SKG1), (4) dexamethasone을처리한후 10 μg/ml의三氣飮加味方추출물을투여한군 (SKG10) 으로나누어시행하였다. 3) Fetal calvarial cell culture(fcs) 임신 21일째인 SD rat 의자궁을절개하여 fetus 를꺼낸후, fetus 의후두부를절개하고 calvarie 를적출하였다. Calvarie 에붙어있는결체조직을박리하여제거하고 Hanks' balanced salt solution(hbss) 로세척하였다. Calvarie 를 1.5 ml의 collagenase, trypsin, 0.5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(edta) 용액으로 37 에서반응시켰다. 상등액을이용하여 500 rpm으로원심분리하여침전된 calvarial cell 을얻은후 phosphate buffer saline(pbs) 에재현탁하여 1,500 rpm으로원심분리하여세척한후, 이를 Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(dmem) 배지에넣어현탁한후 37 의 5% CO 2 에서배양하였다. 상 17
4 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 등액을제거시키고남은 calvarie 에다시 1.5 ml의효소를넣어위와같은반응을수회반복하였다. 세포의배지는 3일에한번씩교체하였다. 배양된세포는 2주가지난후 trypsin 처리하여세포의수를측정한후실험에이용하였다. 4) 조골세포의생존율측정 SKG를첨가하여 3일간배양한후조골세포에 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide(mtt) assay 를시행하였다. Cell suspension 을 hemocytometer 를사용하여 counting 을하고난후, 96 well plate 의각 well에세포부유액 180 μl를넣고, SKG를 PBS에녹인후농도별로각 well에첨가한후 incubation 하였다. 3일후 SKG를제거하고, 각각의 well에 MTT solution을 100 μl씩첨가하고 4시간동안 incubation한후 MTT 희석액을제거하였다. 각 well에 DMSO를 100 μl씩첨가하여 15~20분동안 plate shaker 로흔들어준후, enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay(elisa) reader를이용하여 wave length 540 nm에서흡광도를측정하였다. 5) 조골세포의분열능측정 Subculture 를통하여 1.0~ cells/well 이되도록 24 well plate에 seeding 하였으며, 6일동안배양시킨세포수를세기위해서세포의배지를제거하고, 세포를 HBSS로세척하였다. 이후 collagenase, trypsin, 0.5 mm EDTA 용액을가하여세포를 culture plate 로부터분리하였다. 세포를 isoton-Ⅱ solution 을사용하여 20 배로희석한후세포계수기 (Sysmax F-820) 로세포수를측정하였다. 6) Alkaline phosphatase(alp) 활성측정 ALP 활성은 ALP-K Kit를사용하여 평가하였다. 6일동안세포를배양한 plate 를냉각된 PBS로세척하고세포를 scraper 로긁어낸후 leupeptin이함유된냉각된 PBS에현탁하였다. 이현탁액을냉각상태로 ultrasonicator로 sonication한후 3000 rpm에서 10분간원심분리하였다. 원심분리를한후상등액을취하여 0.56 M 2-amino-2-methy l-propanol, 1 mm MgCl 2, 10 mm p-nitrophenylphosphate 를함유한반응액과 37 에서 10분동안반응시켰다. 0.2 N NaOH 1 ml를가하여반응을중지시킨후 405 nm에서흡광도를측정하였다. 7) 골기질단백질합성측정 10일간세포를배양한 plate 를 PBS로세척하고 scraper 를이용해세포를긁어낸후 5 mm dithiothreitol(dtt) 이함유된 PBS에현탁하였다. 이현탁액을냉각상태에서 ultrasonicator로 sonication 하였다. 현탁액을취하여 biuret 시약과 37 에서 10분간반응시킨후 550 nm에서흡광도를측정하였다. 8) Collagen 생합성측정 10일동안세포를배양한 plate 를 PBS 로세척하고 scraper 를이용하여세포를긁어내었다. 이를 5 mm dithiothreitol 이함유된 50 mm tris buffer에현탁시킨후 ultrasonicator로 sonication하였다. 이후, 100,000 xg에서 30분간원심분리하여상등액을제거시킨후 pellet 에 6 N HCl 를넣고 100 에서 24시간동안가수분해하였다. 이를 6 N NaOH로중화시킨후물을사용하여적정농도로희석하였고, hydroxy-proline 은 amino acid analyzer 를이용하여측정하였다. 18
5 J Korean Obstet Gynecol Vol.29 No.2 May 통계분석 Student's T-test를실시하여각군과의유의성을검정하고, P값이 0.05 및 0.01보다작은경우유의성이있다고판정하였다. Ⅲ. 결과 1. 조골세포의생존율에미치는영향 SKG의세포독성을평가하기위해서조골세포에 MTT assay 를시행하였다. 그결과, dexamethasone 단독처리군은정상대조군에비해생존율이 74.6% 로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 저하되었으며, dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG와 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우각각 104.2%, 103.1% 로조골세포의생존율이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비하여유의성있게 (p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 1). 2. 조골세포의분열능에미치는영향 Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 6일동안배양한결과, 정상대조군은 cells/well이었으며, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 cells/well로정상대조군에비하여유의성있게 (p<0.05) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG과 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우각각 cells/well, cells/well 로조골세포분열능이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Effects of SKG on cell proliferation of rat calvarial cell. Each bar represents Mean±SD of 6 cultured well. NC : vehicle (0.01% DMSO) Dexa : dexamethasone SKG1 : dexamethasone+1 μg/ml of SKG SKG10 : dexamethasone+10 μg/ml of SKG * : p<0.05 vs NC by Student's t-test # : p<0.05 vs Dexa by Student's t-test ## : p<0.01 vs Dexa by Student's t-test Fig. 1. Effects of SKG on viability of rat calvarial cell. Each bar represents Mean±SD of 6 cultured well. NC : vehicle (0.01% DMSO) Dexa : dexamethasone SKG1 : dexamethasone+1 μg/ml of SKG SKG10 : dexamethasone+10 μg/ml of SKG ** : p<0.01 vs NC by Student's t-test ## : p<0.01 vs Dexa by Student's t-test 3. Alkaline phosphatase(alp) 활성에미치는영향 Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 6일동안배양한결과, alkaline phosphatase(alp) 활성은정상대조군에서는 13.6 unit/ml였으며, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 9.8 unit/ml로유의성있 19
6 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 게 (p<0.05) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG과 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우각각 15.6 unit/ml, 14.5 unit/ml로 alkaline phosphatase(alp) 활성이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 3). 해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 4). Fig. 3. Effects of SKG on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of rat calvarial cell. Each bar represents Mean±SD of 6 cultured well. NC : vehicle (0.01% DMSO) Dexa : dexamethasone SKG1 : dexamethasone+1 μg/ml of SKG SKG10 : dexamethasone+10 μg/ml of SKG * : p<0.05 vs NC by Student's t-test # : p<0.05 vs Dexa by Student's t-test ## : p<0.01 vs Dexa by Student's t-test 4. 골기질단백질합성에미치는영향 Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 10일동안배양한결과, 정상대조군에서세포가생성하는골기질단백질합성량은 3.47 μg/dl 이었고, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 2.94 μg/dl로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone을처리후, 1 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에는 3.26 μg/dl이었고, 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에는 3.50 μg/dl를나타내어골기질단백질합성이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비 Fig. 4. Effects of SKG on bone matrix protein synthesis of rat calvarial cell. Each bar represents Mean±SD of 6 cultured well. NC : vehicle (0.01% DMSO) Dexa : dexamethasone SKG1 : dexamethasone+1 μg/ml of SKG SKG10 : dexamethasone+10 μg/ml of SKG ** : p<0.01 vs NC by Student's t-test # : p<0.05 vs Dexa by Student's t-test ## : p<0.01 vs Dexa by Student's t-test 5. Collagen 생합성에미치는영향 Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포 10일동안배양한결과, 정상대조군의 collagen 생합성량은 μg/well 이었고, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 μg/well 로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml 의 SKG를투여한경우에 collagen 생합성량은 μg/well, 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에는 μg/well을나타내어 collagen 생합성량이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 5). 20
7 J Korean Obstet Gynecol Vol.29 No.2 May 2016 Fig. 5. Effects of SKG on collagen synthesis of rat calvarial cell. Each bar represents Mean±SD of 6 cultured well. NC : vehicle (0.01% DMSO) Dexa : dexamethasone SKG1 : dexamethasone+1 μg/ml of SKG SKG10 : dexamethasone+10 μg/ml of SKG ** : p<0.01 vs NC by Student's t-test # : p<0.05 vs Dexa by Student's t-test ## : p<0.01 vs Dexa by Student's t-test Ⅳ. 고찰 골다공증은골기질의감소로인해골질량이전반적인감소를일으키는질환으로서, 대사성골질환중가장흔하며골량이감소할뿐만아니라골조직미세구조의파괴로인하여약한외력에도골절이생기는전신질환이라할수있다 6,19). 특히우리나라는빠른속도로인구가고령화되면서골다공증의유병율과골다공증골절로인한사망률, 다양한합병증이증가하고있어사회적으로중요한문제가되고있다. 골다공증은일차성과이차성골다공증으로분류된다. 일차성 ( 원발성 ) 골다공증은폐경후에스트로겐결핍로인한제 1형골다공증과노인에서칼슘과비타민 D 부족으로인한제 2형골다공증으로분류하지만, 거의비슷한시기에병합되어진행되므로정확히나누기는 어렵다. 이차성 ( 속발성 ) 골다공증은발병연령에관계없이질병또는수술, 약물복용등으로인하여골형성에장애가있거나골소실이증가되는경우에발병한다. 이차성골다공증중에가장대표적인것은글루코코르티코이드인한골다공증으로, 골다공증중에서세번째로흔하다 2,20). 부신피질에서분비되는스테로이드호르몬인글루코코르티코이드는항염증작용과면역억제의기능으로임상에서광범위하게사용되는데, 골대사의측면에서는골의재형성에직접적으로영향을주며, 장의칼슘흡수와신장의칼슘배설등에간접적으로영향을준다 21). 글루코코르티코이드유래골다공증 (glucocorticoid -induced osteoporosis, GIO) 은조직학적연구에서뼈형성감소가나타나며, 골량및골밀도의감소와함께골절위험성이증가한다. 글루코코르티코이드는조골세포계열의세포증식을억제함으로써조골세포의수를감소시킬뿐아니라 22), 조골세포의사멸을촉진하고조골세포화 (osteoblastogenesis) 를억제한다 23-5). 또한조골세포화를촉진하는신호경로를저해함으로써조골세포의분화를억제하며 26), 성숙한파골세포의기능에필수적인 cytoskeletal organization 을억제하여골흡수활성을억제하고골재형성측면에서골형성을더욱감소시킨다 3). 통계적으로살펴보면, 글루코코르티코이드를투여한환자의경우 1년이내골밀도의 12% 가감소되고그이후로는서서히진행되어매년골밀도가 2~5% 씩점차적으로감소된다고하였다 27). 주로대퇴골두가가장흔히영향을받으며상완골두가그다음으로영향을받지만장 21
8 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 골어느부위에서도나타날수있다 28,29). 또한글루코코르티코이드를사용하면골밀도가동일하더라도사용하지않은군에비하여골절발생률이높고, 골밀도 T-값이낮지않은경우에도골절이발생할수있다 2). 글루코코르티코이드유래골다공증의치료법은우선글루코코르티코이드를감량하는것이다. 용량은가능한최소용량을최단기간동안사용해야하며, 전신적처리방법을국소요법또는흡입제사용으로바꾸거나제형을변화하는것도고려될수있다 2). 상황에따라서비타민 D제제와칼슘제제, fluoride, bisphosphonates, thiazide, anabolic steroid 등이다양하게사용되고있으나 30-4) 최근에시행된관련연구에따르면글루코코르티코이드유발성골다공증치료율은 14~30% 로매우낮으며치료법과예방법은아직뚜렷하게확립되지않은실정이다 35-7). 한의학에서骨은 內經 素問 38) 의 < 宣明五氣論 > 에따르면 腎主骨 이라하였고, < 六節臟象論 > 에서 腎者... 其充在骨 이라하였으며, < 五臟生成論 > 에서 腎之合骨也 라하였고, < 逆調論 > 에서는 腎者水也, 而生于骨, 腎不生卽髓不能滿 이라하였다. 이로미루어볼때骨의생장발육과기능이腎中精氣의성쇠의영향을받는다고볼수있다. 한의학문헌에서는골다공증에관한직접적인표현은없으나, 임상증상으로보면骨痿, 骨痺, 骨傷, 骨枯, 骨極등의범주에속한다고할수있으며 5), 임상에서는腎陰虛, 腎陽虛, 氣血兩虛, 風邪偏勝등으로변증하여치료하고있다 6). 특히骨痿와骨痺는내경에서언급되었는데 內經 素問 38) 의 < 痿論 > 에 腎主身之 骨髓... 腎氣熱則腰脊不擧, 骨枯而髓減, 發爲骨痿, 有所遠行勞倦, 逢大熱而渴, 渴則陽氣內伐, 內伐則熱舍于腎, 腎者水臟也, 今水不勝火, 則骨枯而髓虛, 故足不任身, 發爲骨痿 라하여骨枯髓減하는증상을 骨痿 라하였으며, 骨痺 에대해서는 < 痺論 > 에 腎痺者, 善脹, 尻以代踵, 脊以代頭 라하였고, < 長刺節論 > 에서는 病在骨, 骨重不可擧, 骨髓酸痛, 寒氣至, 名曰骨痺 라고기술되어있어골다공증과유사한발병기전과증상을가지므로지금의골다공증과관련지어생각할수있으며, 오장육부중腎과직접적인관계가있는것으로생각된다 39). 이러한견해는 內經 素問 38) 의 < 上古天眞論 > 에서남자는 七八... 天癸竭... 腎氣衰, 形體皆極, 八八, 則齒髮去 라하였고, 여자는 七七, 任脈虛, 太衝脈衰小, 天癸竭, 地道不通, 故形壞而無子也. 라하여연령이증가함에따라腎氣가점차衰해지고天癸가渴하여골다공증이발생하는것 39) 과연관되며, 현대의학적으로는노화와폐경으로인한일차성골다공증의개념과유사한것으로생각된다. 三氣飮은明代張介賓이저술한 景岳全書 7) 에처음으로수록되었으며, 黃度淵의 方藥合編 8) 에도기록되었다. 景岳全書 7), 方藥合編 8) 에서三氣飮은氣血이손상된상태에서風寒濕이침입하여발생한筋骨의歷節痺痛과痢疾후鶴膝風을치료하며, 營血不和로外邪가침입하여발생한陰寒痺痛證을치료한다하였다. 이로보아三氣飮이관절질환의치료에사용되었음을알수있다. 三氣飮은숙지황, 두충, 우슬, 당귀, 구기자, 백복령, 백작약, 육계, 세신, 백지, 부자, 감초로구성되어있으며, 景 22
9 J Korean Obstet Gynecol Vol.29 No.2 May 2016 岳全書 7) 의三氣飮은숙지황은 3 錢이고당귀, 구기자, 두충은 2 錢나머지약물은 1 錢으로구성되어있고, 方藥合編 8) 에서는숙지황이 3 錢이고나머지약물은모두 1 錢으로구성되어있다. 본연구에서는三氣飮을기본으로하여독활과어성초를가미하고, 용량을조정하여숙지황과어성초를군약으로하는三氣飮加味方을구성하였다. 三氣飮加味方의처방구성을살펴보면, 숙지황은滋陰補血, 益精하고두충, 우슬, 구기자는補肝腎, 强筋骨의효능으로腰膝酸軟을치료한다. 당귀는補血和血, 調經止痛하여外科및傷科에도사용되며, 백복령은利水滲濕, 백작약은養血柔肝, 緩急止痛한다. 백지는祛風除濕의효능이있어腰膝疼痛을치료한다. 육계는溫補腎陽하고부자는回陽補火散寒除濕하며세신은祛風散寒하여風寒濕痺를치료한다. 감초는和中, 緩急止痛의효능이있어서四肢拘攣作痛을치료한다 40). 그리고독활은祛風除濕, 通痺解表止痛의효능 40) 으로항혈소판및항산화효과 41), 항염효과 42) 등이있으며, 어성초는淸熱解毒, 消癰排膿, 利尿通淋의효능 40) 으로면역증진 43), 항산화작용 44), 항염효과 45) 등이있어골다공증에대한효과를증강시킬수있을것으로생각하였다. 최근의연구결과에서三氣飮과三氣飮加味方은관절염 9-12) 과골다공증 13-6), 진통및소염 17), 뇌손상및혈전 18) 등에효과가있음이보고되었다. 특히골다공증과관련해서三氣飮加味方이조골세포를활성화시키며파골세포의분화를억제한다는연구 15) 가있었으나, 스테로이드제제 ( 글루코코르티코이드 ) 투여로발생한골다공증에미치는영향에대한연구는 아직접하지못하였다. 이에저자는三氣飮加味方이글루코코르티코이드투여로유발된골다공증에효과가있는지알아보기위해서본연구를진행하였다. Rat fetus 의두개골에서조골세포를분리하여배양한후합성글루코코르티코이드인 dexamethasone으로처리하여三氣飮加味方물추출물 (SKG) 이세포에미치는영향을평가하였다. 연구지표로조골세포생존율과분열능에미치는영향, 골석회침착에관련된골세포표면의 ALP활성에미치는영향, 조골세포의골기질단백질합성과 collagen 생합성에미치는영향을선정하여평가하였다. SKG의세포독성을평가하기위해서조골세포에 MTT assay 를시행하였다. 그결과, dexamethasone 단독처리군은정상대조군에비해생존율이 74.6% 로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 저하되었으며, dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG와 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우각각 104.2%, 103.1% 로서조골세포의생존율이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비하여유의성있게 (p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 1). Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 6일동안배양한결과, 정상대조군은 cells/well이었으며, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 cells/well로정상대조군에비하여유의성있게 (p<0.05) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml 의 SKG과 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우각각 cells/well, cells/well 로조골세포분열능이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 2). 골형성이활발할때그활성이증가하여 23
10 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 조골세포분화의표지인자로사용되는 46) ALP의활성을측정한결과, 정상대조군에서는 13.6 unit/ml 였으며 dexamethasone 단독처리군은 9.8 unit/ml 로유의성있게 (p<0.05) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG과 10 μg/ml의 SKG 를투여한경우각각 15.6 unit/ml, 14.5 unit/ml로 alkaline phosphatase(alp) 활성이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 3). Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 10일동안배양하여골기질단백질합성량을측정한결과, 정상대조군에서세포가생성하는골기질단백질합성량은 3.47 μg/dl이었고, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 2.94 μg/dl로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 을처리후, 1 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에는 3.26 μg/dl이었고, 10 μg/ml의 SKG 를투여한경우에는 3.50 μg/dl를나타내어골기질단백질합성이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 4). 골기질단백질은뼈의유연성과탄성을유지시키며구조적인지지역할을하는데그중가장기본이되는단백질은 collagen (type I collagen) 으로전체골기질중 90% 를구성하고있다 47). Rat fetus 의두개골에서분리한조골세포를 10일동안배양한결과, 정상대조군의 collagen 생합성량은 μg/well 이었고, dexamethasone 단독처리군은 μg/well로유의성있게 (p<0.01) 감소하였다. Dexamethasone 처리후 1 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에 collagen 생합성량은 μg/well, 10 μg/ml의 SKG를투여한경우에는 μg/well 을나타내어 collagen 생합성량이 dexamethasone 단독처리군에비해유의성있게 (p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다 (Fig. 5). 이상의결과, 三氣飮加味方추출물을두개골에서분리한조골세포에투여했을때, dexamethasone 처리로정상대조군에비하여저하된조골세포생존율, 분열능, ALP의활성, 골기질단백질합성, 콜라겐생합성을증가시키는것으로나타났다. 결론적으로, 三氣飮加味方의물추출물은 (SKG) 은세포독성이없으며, 합성글루코코르티코이드인 dexamethasone으로저하된조골세포의기능을향상시키므로글루코코르티코이드유래골다공증의치료와예방에효과적으로활용할수있을것으로평가되었다. 이전의연구들과종합하여보았을때, 三氣飮加味方은노화와폐경으로인한일차성골다공증뿐만아니라약물로인한이차성골다공증에도효과가있을것으로생각되므로향후이에관한더많은연구가필요할것으로생각된다. V. 결론 SD rat fetus 의두개골로부터분리하여배양한조골세포에 dexamethasone을처리한후三氣飮加味方물추출물 (SKG) 을첨가한다음조골세포의생존율과분열능, ALP 활성, 골기질단백질합성, collagen 생합성을측정하여다음과같은결과를얻었다. 1. SKG는 dexamethasone 처리한두개골조골세포의세포생존율을증가시켰다. 24
11 J Korean Obstet Gynecol Vol.29 No.2 May SKG는 dexamethasone 처리한두개골조골세포의분열능을증가시켰다. 3. SKG는 dexamethasone 처리한두개골조골세포의 ALP 활성을증가시켰다. 4. SKG는 dexamethasone 처리한두개골조골세포의골기질단백질합성량을증가시켰다. 5. SKG는 dexamethasone 처리한두개골조골세포의 collagen 생합성량을증가시켰다. 이상의연구결과, SKG는 dexamethasone 처리로인해저하된조골세포의생존율과분열능을증가시키고, dexamethasone 처리로인해저하된조골세포의 ALP 활성, 골기질단백질및 collagen 생합성량을증가시키는것을확인하였다. 그러므로 SKG가글루코코르티코이드유래골다공증의치료와예방에효과적으로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. Received : Apr 21, 2016 Revised : Apr 29, 2016 Accepted : May 11, 2016 참고문헌 1. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 1994;4(6): Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Textbook of Osteoporosis. 4rd ed. Seoul:KoonJa publisher. 2013: 5, Kim SY, Kim HJ. Glucocorticoidinduced Osteoporosis; Update. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2009;44(2): Buckley LM, et al. Variation in physician's judgements about corticosteroid -induced osteoporosisby physician speciality. Journal of Rheumatology, 1998;25(11): Kang SK, Park YB, Ahn HS. The bibliographical studies on the acupuncture treatment of the osteoporosis. The J of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 1995;11(2): Korean academy of oriental rehabilitation medicine. Oriental rehabilitation medicine. Seoul:KoonJa publisher. 2003;4: Jang GB. Kyungakjeonsuh Formulary. Seoul:Bubin publisher. 2007: Hwang DY. Jeungmaek Bangyakapyeon. Seoul:Namsandang publisher. 2009: Lee KM, et al. Effects of Samgi-eum (Sanqi-yin) Treatment on the Monosodium Iodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation. 2008;18(2): Choi ES. Effects of Samki-eum (sanqiyin) on Freund s Complete Adjuvant -induced Arthritic Rats. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation. 2013; 23(3): Kim SJ, Lee CW. The Experimental Study of Samgium and Samgium (except Kyungpobuja) on the Affecting of Free Radical Generating System by Adjuvant Arthritis-Induced Rats. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation. 1997;7(2):
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14 三氣飮加味方이 Dexamethasone 처리조골세포에미치는영향 Mouse Macrophages. Kor J Herbology. 2014;29(4): Stein GS, Lian JB, Owen TA. Relationship of cell growth to the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression during osteoblast differentiation. FASEB J. 1999;4(13): Shin CS, Cho HY. Bone Remodeling and Mineralization, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2005;20(6):
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