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1 Journal of Species Research 2(2): , 2013 A floristic study of Donggeom-do (Isl.), Ganghwa-gun, Korea Sun-Yu Kim, Byoung Yoon Lee and Jung-Hyun Kim* Division of Plant Resources, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon , Korea *Correspondent: kimjh4065@hanmail.net The district of Ganghwa-gun in the western coast (Seohae) of the Korea is consisted of several islands, Ganghwa-do, Seokmo-do, Gyodong-do, Jumun-do, Boreum-do, Seogeom-do and Donggeom-do. Since several islands of them were connected to mainland of Korea by bridges, the islands attract a lot of tourists from Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do areas. Construction of new roads, pensions, resort areas and restaurants provided economical benefits to local residents while natural vegetation of these islands has deteriorated continuously. Before biodiversity of vascular plants in these regions is damaged seriously by human impacts, it is needed to conserve original vegetation of the islands for restoration and monitoring in the future. Therefore, the primary purpose of the study is to clarify the flora of Donggeom-do, belonging to Ganghwa-gun. From the 15 times of field trips to the island, we have collected a number of vascular plants, 512 taxa in total, including 110 families, 329 genera, 449 species, six subspecies, 52 varieties, four forms and one hybrid. Of 512 taxa investigated, we have identified 12 taxa to be endemic to Korea. Six taxa were endangered or rare species which were designated by the Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest Service, respectively. 25 taxa were recognized as floristic regional indicator species designated specially by the Ministry of Environment. Seven species have shown their northern or southern distributional limit ranges, and 29 taxa were recognized as halophytes. The naturalized plants were identified as 55 taxa, and their naturalization ratio was 10.7%. Keywords: Donggeom-do, flora, island, vascular plants 2013 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI: /JSR INTRODUCTION In Korea, most of about 3,000 islands were considered as continental islands with the exception of Jeju-do, Dokdo and Ulleung-do. These three islands are isolated far from the mainland, and formed from volcanic activities. A lot of islands in Korea are located to western and southern coasts (Cho, 2002). In order to identify natural vegetative status of these islands, we have been investigating floristic studies of vascular plants of major islands in the western coast (Seohae) since The primary purpose of the research is to survey the flora of island of Donggeom which belongs to the Ganghwa-gun, Korea. The district of Ganghwa-gun is consisted of several islands in the Seohae, Ganghwa-do, Seokmo-do, Gyodong-do, Jumun-do, Boreum-do, Seogeom-do and Donggeom-do. Since several islands of them were connected to mainland of Korea by bridges, the islands have attracted a lot of tourists from Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do areas. Construction of new roads, pensions, resort areas and restaurants provided economical benefits to local residents while a natural vegetation of these islands has deteriorated continuously. Before biodiversity of vascular plants in these regions is damaged seriously by human impacts, it is needed to conserve original vegetation of the islands for restoration and monitoring in the future. Donggeom-do belongs currently to Gilsang-myeon, Ganghwa-gun, Incheon metropolitan city. Before being incorporated into Gilsang-myeon in 1914, Donggeom-do was one of the local areas of Bucheon-gun, Gyeonggido (Ganghwa-gun, 2013). The island which is located at of north latitude, and of east longitude is situated at the south the main island of Ganghwa-do, consisting of 15 adjacent islands (Lee et al., 2010). The island has an approximate area of 1.81 square kilometers, with 6.5 kilometer of coastal lines, and is connected to Seondu-ri of Ganghwa-do by a bridge (Shim et al., 2002). The climate of Donggeom-do is typical of many islands belonging to Ganghwa-do. Mean annual rainfall recorded at the weather station in Ganghwa-gun is 1,757 mm and the mean annual temperature over last three years is 11.0 C with maximum temperature of 33.7 C and minimum of C (Korea Meteorological

2 204 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Administration, ). The island Donggeom belongs to the central subregion according to a classification system of floristic subregions in Korea (Yim, 1977; Lee and Yim, 2002), while the island is situated at the central parts of cool temperate climate areas based on temperature zonation. Of 3,000 islands belonging to Korean territory, Ganghwa island is the 5th largest one with 411 square kilometers and a flora study was first conducted by Chung and Kang (1971). Of 15 islands nearby the Ganghwa island, floras of Mal-do, Boreum-do, Acha-do and Jumun-do were investigated (Park, 1990) while floras of 16 islands such as Woo-do, Bi-do and etc. were surveyed by the project named Natural survey of uninhabited islands (Min and Jung, 1998; Min and Lee, 2002). Shim and his colleagues reported several taxa of halophytes including Pinus thunbergii Parl. from Donggeom-do (Shim et al., 2002). Although many floristic researches were conducted on Ganghwa island and its appendages, several ones did not provide any information of voucher specimens. Therefore, the current study is to clarify the flora of Donggeom-do, with voucher information and to assess the importance of local flora. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate flora of Donggeom island, we had field surveys 15 times from March to November, 2012 (Fig. 1). Vascular plants collected from the survey were prepared to dried specimens, and deposited at the herbarium (KB) of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea. The identification of specimens is accompanied with the use of illustrations, photographs, or published descriptions (Chung, 1956; 1957; Lee, 1980; 2003; Lee, 1996a; 1996b; Korean Fern Society, 2005; Lee, 2006; Oh, 2006; Korea National Arboretum, 2008a; 2011; Park, 2009; Kim and Kim, 2011). The voucher specimens were listed according to the Cronquist classification system of vascular plants (Cronquist, 1981). However, genera and species under the family were listed in an alphabetical order. Scientific and Korean names of vascular plants were followed by Lee et al. (2011) and a cultivated species was indicated by cult after a Korean name. Endemic species to Korea were confirmed to lists reported by Korea National Arboretum (2005) and National Institute of Biological Resources (2011) while endangered and threatened species were evaluated following information of rare plants data book (Korea National Arboretum, 2008b) and Red data book of endangered vascular plants in Korea (National Institute of Biological Resources, 2012). s, floristic regional indicator species, halophyte species, naturalized and invasive threatened species of vascular plants were identified by Lee (1996a), Ministry of Environment (2006), Shim et al. (2002; 2009), Lee et al. (2011b) and Ministry of Environment (2012), respectively. China Seondu-ri Seodu-mul Korea Dwit-dae Keun-mal m Donggeom-ri Donggeuran-seom (Isl.) Japan Investigation route Donggeom-do (Isl.) 500 m Fig. 1. A map of investigated routes in Donggeom-do (Isl.).

3 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 205 RESULTS A flora of vascular plants From the 15 times of field trips to the island, we have collected a number of vascular plants, 512 taxa in total, including 110 families, 329 genera, 449 species, six subspecies, 52 varieties, four forms and one hybrid. Of 512 taxa investigated, Pteridophyta included 15 species, comprising eight families, 10 genera, 14 species and one variety, while Gymnosperms were consisted of eight species belonging to two families, five genera and Angiosperms were 489 taxa with Dicotyledones of 83 families, 232 genera, 251 species, four subspecies, 33 varieties, three forms, one hybrid and Monocotyledones of 17 families, 82 genera, 176 species, two subspecies, 18 varieties and one forma (Table 1, Appendix 1). The 512 taxa of vascular plants in the flora of Donggeom-do represented 11.8% of the total flora of Korea, 4,338 taxa (Lee et al., 2011a). The largest families were as follows; Poaceae (66 taxa), Asteraceae (64), Cyperaceae (42), Rosaceae (24) and Fabaceae (24). Endemic species of Korea There were two versions to identify endemic species of vascular plants in Korea; one of National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of Environment of Korea, the other of Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Korea Forest Services. The nine species, Abies koreana, Asarum misandrum, Clematis brachyura, Viola seoulensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Polygonatum grandicaule and Polygonatum infundiflorum were recognized as endemic species by two authorities (Table 2). Populus x tomentiglandulosa and Rhododendron mucronulatum were identified by NIBR while Salix koriyanagi was confirmed by KNA. Table 1. The number of vascular plants distributed in Donggeom-do (Isl.). Taxa Family Genus Species Subspecies Variety Forma Hybrid Total Pteridophyta Gymnospermae Angiospermae Dicotyledoneae Monocotyledoneae Total Table 2. The list of the endemic plants investigated in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name MOE KFS 1 Pinaceae Abies koreana E. H. Wilson 구상나무 (cult) 2 Aristolochiaceae Asarum misandrum B. U. Oh & J. G. Kim 각시족도리풀 3 Ranunculaceae Clematis brachyura Maxim. 외대으아리 4 Violaceae Viola seoulensis Nakai 서울제비꽃 5 Salicaceae Populus x tomentiglandulosa T. B. Lee 은사시나무 (cult) - Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz 키버들 - 6 Ericaceae Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. 진달래 - 7 Oleaceae Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai 개나리 (cult) 8 Scrophulariaceae Paulownia coreana Uyeki 오동나무 (cult) 9 Diervillaceae Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L. H. Bailey 병꽃나무 10 Liliaceae Polygonatum grandicaule Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang 선둥굴레 Polygonatum infundiflorum Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang 늦둥굴레 MOE: Ministry of Environment, KFS: Korea Forest Service. Table 3. The list of rare plants investigated in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name MOE KFS 1 Polygonaceae Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom. 큰옥매듭풀 NE DD 2 Rosaceae Neillia uekii Nakai 나도국수나무 LC LC 3 Lamiaceae Mosla chinensis Maxim. 가는잎산들깨 NE DD 4 Poaceae Phacelurus latifolius (Steud.) Ohwi 모새달 LC LC 5 Liliaceae Polygonatum grandicaule Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang 선둥굴레 NE DD Polygonatum infundiflorum Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang 늦둥굴레 NE DD MOE: Ministry of Environment, KFS: Korea Forest Service.

4 206 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Endangered vascular plants In 2012, NIBR has published Red data book of endangered vascular plants in Korea according to a guideline of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Of vascular plants surveyed in the current study, based on the lists of the book, least concern (LC) taxa were Neillia uekii and Phacelurus latifolius while not evaluated (NE) taxa were Polygonum fusco-ochreatum, Mosla chinensis, Polygonatum grandicaule and Polygonatum infundiflorum (Table 3). From the perspective of rare plants data book published by Korea National Arboretum (2008b), Neillia uekii and Phacelurus latifolius were classified into least concern (LC) taxa, but other taxa were categorized into data deficient (DD), not NE. Floristic indicator species of specific regions From the present flora of Donggeom-do, 25 taxa were recognized as floristic regional indicator species designated specially by the Ministry of Environment (Table 4). The indicator species were represented on Donggeom-do with a total of 19 families and 24 genera. With the exception of three cultivated species, Abies koreana, Pinus koraiensis and Buxus koreana, the indicator species were counted to 22 taxa. The indicators assigned into the first degree were 17 taxa including Clematis patens and Aristolochia contorta. There were no indicator species with the second degree, and a couple of taxa with the third degree, Betula dahurica and Monochoria korsakowii, were found. The fourth and fifth degreed species were Table 4. The list of floristic regional indicator plants investigated in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name Grade 1 Polypodiaceae Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel. 고란초 V 2 Polygonaceae Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom. 큰옥매듭풀 IV 3 Rosaceae Neillia uekii Nakai 나도국수나무 4 Pinaceae Abies koreana E. H. Wilson 구상나무 (cult) III 5 Betulaceae Betula dahurica Pall. 물박달나무 6 Pontederiaceae Monochoria korsakowii Regel & Maack 물옥잠 Table 5. The list of halophytes in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name 1 Pinaceae Pinus thunbergii Parl. 곰솔 2 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Mey. 가는갯능쟁이 Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge 나문재 Suaeda japonica Makino 칠면초 3 Caryophyllaceae Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. 갯개미자리 4 Polygonaceae Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom. 큰옥매듭풀 5 Plumbaginaceae Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock 갯길경 6 Rosaceae Rosa rugosa Thunb. 해당화 7 Fabaceae Lathyrus japonicus Willd. 갯완두 8 Apiaceae Cnidium japonicum Miq. 갯사상자 9 Convolvulaceae Calystegia soldanella (L.) Roem. & Schult. 갯메꽃 10 Plantaginaceae Plantago major var. japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Miyabe 왕질경이 11 Asteraceae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 사철쑥 Artemisia fukudo Makino 큰비쑥 Aster hispidus Thunb. 갯쑥부쟁이 Aster tripolium L. 갯개미취 Sonchus brachyotus DC. 사데풀 12 Juncaginaceae Triglochin maritimum L. 지채 13 Juncaceae Juncus setchuensis var. effusoides Buchenau 푸른갯골풀 14 Cyperaceae Carex scabrifolia Steud. 천일사초 Carex pumila Thunb. 좀보리사초 Scirpus triqueter L. 세모고랭이 15 Poaceae Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth 산조풀 Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. 갯보리 Ischaemum crassipes (Steud.) Thell. 쇠보리 Phacelurus latifolius (Steud.) Ohwi 모새달 Phragmites communis Trin. 갈대 Puccinellia nipponica Ohwi 갯꾸러미풀 Zoysia sinica Hance 갯잔디

5 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 207 Table 6. The list of southern and northern limit of distribution plants investigated in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name Distribution 1 Sabiaceae Meliosma myriantha Siebold & Zucc. 나도밤나무 Southern 2 Apiaceae Cnidium japonicum Miq. 갯사상자 3 Juncaceae Juncus setchuensis var. effusoides Buchenau 푸른갯골풀 4 Fumariaceae Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser 조선현호색 Northern 5 Rosaceae Neillia uekii Nakai 나도국수나무 6 Asteraceae Artemisia dubia Wall. ex DC. 참쑥 Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC. 큰엉겅퀴 Polygonum fusco-ochreatum and Neillia uekii (degree IV) and Crypsinus hastatus (degree V). s and ecological types Plant life forms were arranged according to a revised Raunkiaer s (1934) classification system, which divided plants based on the place of plant s buds during cold or dry seasons. Phanerophytes with buds more than 25 cm above the soil level, includes trees (MM), subtrees (M) and shrubs (N). Of 512 taxa investigated at Donggeomdo, phanerophytes were counted to 101 comprising 42 of trees (8.2%), 24 of subtrees (4.7%) and 35 of shrubs (6.8%). Chamaephytes (Ch) with persistent shoots near the ground were consisted of 14 taxa (2.7%) while hemicryptophytes (H) with buds at the soil surface were 137 taxa (26.8%). Cryptophytes which were identified as plants with buds below ground or under water revealed to 63 (12.3%) of geophytes (G) and 55 (10.7%) of hydrophytes (HH). 141 taxa (27.5%) of total plants examined belonged to annuals, therophytes (Th). Epiphyte (E), which was originally placed at Phanerophytes but separated due to irrelevance of soil position, was just one species, Crypsinus hastatus (Appendix 1). According to Shim et al. (2002; 2009) typical halophytes detected in the study area were counted to 29 taxa comprising 15 families, 25 genera, 27 species and two forms. Other ecological types such as hygrohalophytes, psammohalophyles, xerophytes and xerohalophytes could not be concerned because of lack of sufficient information. Shim et al. (2002) reported that there were a total of 28 halophytic taxa comprising 12 families, 24 genera, 25 species, two varieties and one forma vegetated at the areas of Donggeom-do and nearby Yeocha-ri, Ganghwa-do. The halophytic taxa detected first from our studies were Suaeda glauca, Plantago major var. japonica, Artemisia fukudo, Aster hispidus, Sonchus brachyotus, Carex pumila, Elymus dahuricus, Ischaemum crassipes and Puccinellia nipponica (Table 5). Climate-sensitive biological indicator species The ministry of Environment, Korea, selected 100 climate-sensitive biological indicator species (CBIS) to predict biodiversity distribution shift by climate change (Lee et al., 2010). The 100 CBIS were categorized into four different taxonomic fields; 46 species of animals, 44 of vascular plants, five of fungi and five of macro-algae, respectively. Among the CBIS, Abies koreana (planted) was recognized at the Donggeom-do. According to the list of 300 target plants adaptable to climate change in the Korean peninsula (Korea National Arboretum, 2010), southern species moving northwards as the climate shift were Meliosma myriantha, Cnidium japonicum and Juncus setchuensis var. effusoides while northern species moving southwards were Corydalis turtschaninovii, Neillia uekii, Artemisia dubia and Cirsium pendulum (Table 6). Meliosma myriantha was known to be vegetated at m above sea level of island areas near Incheon, but real vegetation was not confirmed (Korean National Arboretum, 2010). While recent surveys could not identify the habitat of the species (Yang et al., 2012), we discovered real vegetation of the species from floristic surveys of Baengnyeong-do (Kim et al., 2013) and the current study. Naturalized and invasive exotic species Recently, it was reported that numbers of the naturalized plants in South Korea were 321 taxa of vascular plants (Lee et al., 2011b). Of 321 plant lists indicated, a total of 55 taxa (17.1%) comprising 19 families, 44 genera, 52 species, two varieties and one forma were found including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium album and Amaranthus patulus (Table 7). Out of 512 taxa investigated at the current study, the naturalized ratio was calculated at 10.7%. Especially, 20 exotic taxa were belonged to the family of Asteraceae. Of 12 invasive exotic plant species disturbing ecosystem, we found five taxa; Rumex acetosella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. DISCUSSION Donggeom-do is one of several islands belonged to the district of Ganghwa-gun. The floras of other islands nearby Donggeom-do revealed that the vascular plants of Mal-do were represented by 71 family and 235 taxa, Acha-do by 85 families and 303 taxa, Boreum-do by 94

6 208 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Table 7. The list of naturalized plants in Donggeom-do (Isl.). No. Family name Scientific name/korean name 1 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. 미국자리공 2 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. 흰명아주 Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. 좀명아주 Chenopodium glaucum L. 취명아주 3 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus patulus Bertol. 가는털비름 Amaranthus retroflexus L. 털비름 4 Caryophyllaceae Silene armeria L. 끈끈이대나물 5 Polygonaceae Polygonum orientale L. 털여뀌 Rumex acetosella L. 애기수영 Rumex crispus L. 소리쟁이 6 Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 어저귀 Sida spinosa L. 공단풀 7 Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense L. 말냉이 8 Rosaceae Potentilla supina L. 개소시랑개비 Rubus fruticosus L. 서양산딸기 9 Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa L. 족제비싸리 Medicago lupulina L. 잔개자리 Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀 10 Onagraceae Oenothera odorata Jacq. 달맞이꽃 11 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia supina Raf. 애기땅빈대 12 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 가중나무 13 Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum L. 미국쥐손이 14 Solanaceae Datura meteloides Dunal 털독말풀 15 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. 미국실새삼 Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. 미국나팔꽃 Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth 둥근잎나팔꽃 16 Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale L. 컴프리 17 Scrophulariaceae Veronica arvensis L. 선개불알풀 Veronica persica Poir. 큰개불알풀 18 Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 돼지풀 Ambrosia trifida L. 단풍돼지풀 Aster pilosus Willd. 미국쑥부쟁이 Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis (A. Gray) A. G. Jones 큰비짜루국화 Bidens frondosa L. 미국가막사리 Carduus crispus L. 지느러미엉겅퀴 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist 망초 Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 코스모스 (cult) Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 노랑코스모스 (cult) Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 붉은서나물 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. 개망초 Erigeron philadelphicus L. 봄망초 Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.) S. F. Blake 털별꽃아재비 Helianthus tuberosus L. 뚱딴지 Lactuca scariola L. 가시상추 Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima Farw. 원추천인국 (cult) Senecio vulgaris L. 개쑥갓 Sonchus oleraceus L. 방가지똥 Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. 서양민들레 Xanthium canadense Mill. 큰도꼬마리 19 Poaceae Dactylis glomerata L. 오리새 Elymus repens (L.) Gould 구주개밀 Elymus repens f. aristatum Holmb. 까락구주개밀 Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 큰김의털 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 미국개기장 Poa pratensis L. 왕포아풀 families and 439 taxa, Jumun-do by 92 families and 426 taxa (Park, 1990). Recent floristic surveys on several islands of Ganghwa resulted that the flora of Seokmo-do was represented by 90 families, 271 genera and 442 taxa, Gyodong-do by 82 families, 228 genera and 338 taxa, Boreum-do by 66 families, 196 genera and 286 taxa, Jumun-do by 57 families, 120 genera and 145 taxa (Lee et al., 2010). Although the flora of same islands was inves-

7 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 209 tigated, the results from Park (1990) and Lee et al. (2010) showed differences in species numbers and composition. These discrepant results might be reflected by different periods, seasons and methods of surveys. Of 512 taxa surveyed, six species were classified into threatened or endangered species under IUCN categories. According to information of NIBR s red data book (2012), Neillia uekii, least concern (LC) taxon, is widespread in the central regions of Korea. The species, however, is distributed usually on the mountainous slope, and thus is under high pressure of habitat loss by human-induced disturbance. For example, the natural habitat of the species was known to be disappeared completely at Yesan-si by road construction. From the present study, we found several individuals of the species nearby coastal areas, but their habitats were also not in good conditions due to probable impacts of high salinity. 30 individuals of Phacelurus latifolius, another least concern (LC) taxon, were found along the roadside of the Donggeom-do, and thus the natural habitat of the species would be damaged by road widening in the future. Among four not evaluated (NE) taxa, taxonomic identity of Polygonum fusco-ochreatum was unclear because P. bellardii var. effusum was often used for the name of species in the earlier Korean flora (Lee, 1980; 2003). In consideration of the original habitat of P. bellardii in Europe and North America, it is weird that a variety of the species was found only in the western part of Korea (NIBR, 2012). As Park and Hong (2007) mentioned, a more careful study of the species is needed for taxonomic treatment. Almost 10 individuals of the species were found at coastal areas of Seodu-mul. Mosla chinensis was widely distributed at the southern part of Korea, but the species habitats were known only in Haenam and Hwasun, Jeollanam-do. The status of the species was classified as endangered (EN) in Japan while the species was categorized as NE because of lack of necessary information in Korea (NIBR, 2012). From the current study, we have found approximately 50 individuals of the species vegetated at a wetland near a village. A couple of species of Polygonatum, P. grandicaule and P. infundiflorum were reported as new species by characteristics of stem, perianth and filaments (Jang, 2002). Original habitats of P. grandicaule and P. infundiflorum were known to be Mt. Gakhosan (Chungcheongbuk-do) and Pung-do (Gyeonggi-do), respectively. From the result of the current study, P. grandicaule was found at the foot of mountain slopes near Seodu-mul, and P. infundiflorum near a village of Dwit-dae with less than 10 individuals of each species. Also, a new intermediate type between P. grandicaule and P. odoratum was observed, which needed more taxonomic works in the future. From the present flora of Donggeom-do, 25 taxa were recognized as floristic regional indicator species. Among them, Crypsinus hastatus with the degree V were found at the island. From previous floristic examination on four islands near Ganghwa-do, Park (1990) mentioned that it was noteworthy to find seven vascular plants including C. hastatus, Euonymus fortunei and Pyrrosia hastata. Especially, he reported that C. hastatus could be observed at the all areas surveyed. Furthermore, the species was suggested to represent the floristic regional indicator species from uninhabited islands near Ganghwa-do (Min and Jung, 1998; Min and Lee, 2002). Considering that natural habitats of C. hastatus were narrow at Donggeom-do, those of nearby islands might be distributed narrowly. Therefore, we suggested that more detailed examination of C. hastatus will be conducted urgently, and in turn ex situ conservation policy of the species will be made. The flora of Ganghwa-do was confirmed to be 366 taxa of vascular plants (Chung and Kang, 1971). Although Ganghwa-do is about 160 times larger in areas than Donggeom-do, taxa of vascular plants of Donggeom and Ganghwa-do were 512 and 366 taxa, respectively. The result indicated that much more taxa might be identified through detailed floristic investigations of Ganghwa-do, which was in high pressure for land-use and a transition to forest cover loss in the island. Investigation on several uninhabited islands nearby the Ganghwa-do showed that there were 11 to 281 taxa in their floras (Min and Jung, 1998; Min and Lee, 2002). In these uninhabited islands, Grewia biloba, the first degree of floristic regional indicator species, was reported which was not confirmed to be present in Donggeom-do from the current study. A total of 55 exotic species were found at Donggeom-do, and the naturalized ratio were 17.1% according to numbers of the naturalized plants in South Korea (Lee et al., 2011b). As compared with islands nearby, Donggeomdo is a very small island with a well-constructed road system and development of resort areas, and thus introduction of invasive exotic species will be profound and increasing. Also, grazing of goats were frequent in the private lands of uninhabited islands, in which in turn affected soil degradation and biodiversity loss. Goats can debark trees and eat all the vegetation left untouched by other species, and subsequently affects reduction in vegetative cover and plant biodiversity from grazing (FAO, 2009; Peacock and Sherman, 2010). Likewise, coastal areas of Donggeom-do used for grazing of goats will be managed by the local government for biodiversity conservation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was supported by grants from the project called Flora of Hot-spot areas in Korea of National Institute of Biological Resources under the Ministry of

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9 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 211 Korea. Vol. 41. Monocotyledoneae, Cyperaceae. Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, Seoul, Korea. p. 757 (in Korean). Park, C.-W. and S.P. Hong Polygonaceae. In: The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (eds.), Academy Publishing Co., Seoul, pp Park, S.H New Illustrations and Photographs of Naturalized Plants of Korea. Ilchokak, Seoul, Korea. p. 575 (in Korean). Park, S.J A study on the flora of Mal, Jumun, Bolum and Acha islands in Kyong-gi bay. M.S. Thesis. Kyung Hee Univ. Seoul, Korea. p. 50 (in Korean). Peacock, C. and D.M. Sherman Sustainable Goat Production-Some Global Perspectives. Small Ruminant Research 89: Raunkiaer, C The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. p Shim, H.B., S.M. Seo and B.H. Choi Floristic survey of salt marshes and dunes on Gyeonggi bay in Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 20(1):5-34 (in Korean). Shim, H.B., W.B. Cho and B.H. Choi Distribution of halophytes in coastal salt marsh and on sand dunes in Korea. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 39(4): (in Korean). Yang, J.C., S.H. Park, S.G. Ha and Y.M. Lee The flora of vascular plants in Daecheong island, South Korea. Korean J. Plant Res. 25(1):31-47 (in Korean). Yim, Y.J Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korean peninsula. IV. Zonal distribution of forest vegetation in relation to thermal climate. Jap. J. Ecol. 27: Submitted: March 5, 2013, Accepted: August 2, 2013

10 212 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Appendix 1. The list of vascular plants in Donggeom-do (Isl.). Equisetaceae 속새과 1. Equisetum arvense L. 쇠뜨기 Donggeom12033 G Osmundaceae 고비과 2. Osmunda cinnamomea L. 꿩고비 Donggeom12256 G 3. Osmunda japonica Thunb. 고비 Donggeom12127 G Dennstaedtiaceae 잔고사리과 4. Dennstaedtia hirsuta (Sw.) Mett. ex Miq. 잔고사리 Donggeom12165 H 5. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. Heller 고사리 Donggeom12762 G Aspleniaceae 꼬리고사리과 6. Asplenium incisum Thunb. 꼬리고사리 Donggeom12001 H 7. Asplenium ruprechtii Sa. Kurata 거미고사리 Donggeom12450 H Athyriaceae 개고사리과 8. Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance 개고사리 Donggeom12709 G 9. Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) H. Christ 뱀고사리 Donggeom12456 H 10. Deparia coreana (H. Christ) M. Kato 곱새고사리 Donggeom12451 H Thelypteridaceae 처녀고사리과 11. Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott 처녀고사리 Donggeom12527 G Dryopteridaceae 관중과 12. Dryopteris bissetiana (Baker) C. Chr. 산족제비고사리 Donggeom12007 H 13. Dryopteris chinensis (Baker) Koidz. 가는잎족제비고사리 Donggeom12008 H 14. Dryopteris sacrosancta Koidz. 애기족제비고사리 Donggeom12002 Ch Polypodiaceae 고란초과 15. Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel. 고란초 Donggeom12014 E Pinaceae 소나무과 16. Abies koreana E. H. Wilson 구상나무 (cult) Donggeom12019 MM 17. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don 개잎갈나무 (cult) Donggeom12003 MM 18. Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière 일본잎갈나무 (cult) Donggeom12624 MM 19. Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. 소나무 Donggeom12004 MM 20. Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. 잣나무 (cult) Donggeom12042 MM 21. Pinus thunbergii Parl. 곰솔 Donggeom12016 MM Cupressaceae 측백나무과 22. Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc. 노간주나무 Donggeom12005 M 23. Juniperus virginiana L. 연필향나무 (cult) Donggeom12375 M Magnoliaceae 목련과 24. Magnolia heptapeta (Buc hoz) Dandy 백목련 (cult) Donggeom12254 MM Lauraceae 녹나무과 25. Lindera obtusiloba Blume 생강나무 Donggeom12009 N Aristolochiaceae 쥐방울덩굴과 26. Aristolochia contorta Bunge 쥐방울덩굴 Donggeom12393 H 27. Asarum misandrum B. U. Oh & J. G. Kim 각시족도리풀 Donggeom12047 G Ranunculaceae 미나리아재비과 28. Adonis pseudoamurensis W. T. Wang 개복수초 Donggeom12108 G 29. Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Maxim. 눈빛승마 Donggeom12538 G 30. Clematis brachyura Maxim. 외대으아리 Donggeom12260 N 31. Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne. 큰꽃으아리 Donggeom12271 N 32. Clematis terniflora DC. 참으아리 Donggeom12425 N 33. Pulsatilla cernua var. koreana (Yabe ex Nakai) U. C. La 할미꽃 Donggeom12071 H 34. Ranunculus chinensis Bunge 젓가락나물 Donggeom12201 Th( w ) 35. Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. 미나리아재비 Donggeom12099 H 36. Ranunculus sceleratus L. 개구리자리 Donggeom12098 HH( Thw ) 37. Thalictrum minus var. hypoleucum (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. 좀꿩의다리 Donggeom12542 G Menispermaceae 새모래덩굴과 38. Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. 댕댕이덩굴 Donggeom12361 N 39. Menispermum dauricum (Thunb.) DC. 새모래덩굴 Donggeom12229 N Sabiaceae 나도밤나무과 40. Meliosma myriantha Siebold & Zucc. 나도밤나무 Donggeom12339 MM Papaveraceae 양귀비과 41. Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (H. Hara) Ohwi 애기똥풀 Donggeom12037 Th (w)

11 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 213 Appendix 1. Continued. Fumariaceae 현호색과 42. Corydalis remota Fisch. ex Maxim. 현호색 Donggeom12137 G 43. Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser 조선현호색 Donggeom12094 G Ulmaceae 느릅나무과 44. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai 느릅나무 Donggeom12241 MM Celtidaceae 팽나무과 45. Celtis sinensis Pers. 팽나무 Donggeom12300 MM Cannabaceae 삼과 46. Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 환삼덩굴 Donggeom12530 Th Moraceae 뽕나무과 47. Morus alba L. 뽕나무 Donggeom12103 MM Urticaceae 쐐기풀과 48. Pilea mongolica Wedd. 모시물통이 Donggeom12529 Th Juglandaceae 가래나무과 49. Juglans mandshurica Maxim. 가래나무 Donggeom12066 MM 50. Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc. 굴피나무 Donggeom12244 MM Fagaceae 참나무과 51. Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. 밤나무 (cult) Donggeom12306 MM 52. Quercus acutissima Carruth. 상수리나무 Donggeom12073 MM 53. Quercus aliena Blume 갈참나무 Donggeom12161 MM 54. Quercus dentata Thunb. 떡갈나무 Donggeom12058 MM 55. Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. 신갈나무 Donggeom12057 MM 56. Quercus serrata Murray 졸참나무 Donggeom12044 MM Betulaceae 자작나무과 57. Alnus hirsuta Turcz. ex Rupr. 물오리나무 (cult) Donggeom12006 MM 58. Betula dahurica Pall. 물박달나무 Donggeom12168 MM 59. Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume 서어나무 Donggeom12452 MM 60. Carpinus turczaninowii Hance 소사나무 Donggeom12092 M 61. Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii Blume 개암나무 Donggeom12012 M Phytolaccaceae 자리공과 62. Phytolacca americana L. 미국자리공 Donggeom12311 G Chenopodiaceae 명아주과 63. Atriplex gmelinii C. A. Mey. 가는갯능쟁이 Donggeom12578 Th 64. Chenopodium album L. 흰명아주 Donggeom12325 Th 65. Chenopodium ficifolium Sm. 좀명아주 Donggeom12270 Th 66. Chenopodium glaucum L. 취명아주 Donggeom12277 Th 67. Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge 나문재 Donggeom12577 Th 68. Suaeda japonica Makino 칠면초 Donggeom12301 Th Amaranthaceae 비름과 69. Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai 쇠무릎 Donggeom12513 H 70. Amaranthus patulus Bertol. 가는털비름 Donggeom12763 Th 71. Amaranthus retroflexus L. 털비름 Donggeom12512 Th Molluginaceae 석류풀과 72. Mollugo pentaphylla L. 석류풀 Donggeom12689 Th Caryophyllaceae 석죽과 73. Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense (Nakai) M. Mizush. 점나도나물 Donggeom12121 H 74. Cucubalus baccifer var. japonicus Miq. 덩굴별꽃 Donggeom12526 H 75. Dianthus chinensis L. 패랭이꽃 Donggeom12403 H 76. Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. 대나물 Donggeom12490 H 77. Pseudostellaria palibiniana (Takeda) Ohwi 큰개별꽃 Donggeom12107 H 78. Silene armeria L. 끈끈이대나물 Donggeom12232 Th (w) 79. Silene firma Siebold & Zucc. 장구채 Donggeom12520 H 80. Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. 갯개미자리 Donggeom12238 Th (w) 81. Stellaria alsine var. undulata (Thunb.) Ohwi 벼룩나물 Donggeom12109 Th (w) 82. Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. 쇠별꽃 Donggeom12114 Th (w) 83. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. 별꽃 Donggeom12143 Th (w) Polygonaceae 마디풀과 84. Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schkuhr 싱아 Donggeom12500 H 85. Polygonum aviculare L. 마디풀 Donggeom12234 Th

12 214 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Appendix 1. Continued. 86. Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom. 큰옥매듭풀 Donggeom12767 Th 87. Polygonum hydropiper L. 여뀌 Donggeom12660 HH 88. Polygonum lapathifolium L. 흰여뀌 Donggeom12447 Th 89. Polygonum longisetum Bruijn 개여뀌 Donggeom12730 Th 90. Polygonum orientale L. 털여뀌 Donggeom12536 Th 91. Polygonum perfoliatum L. 며느리배꼽 Donggeom12378 Th 92. Polygonum persicaria L. 봄여뀌 Donggeom12263 Th 93. Polygonum posumbu Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 장대여뀌 Donggeom12567 Th 94. Polygonum pubescens Blume 바보여뀌 Donggeom12359 Th 95. Polygonum sagittatum var. sieboldii (Meisn.) Maxim. ex Kom. 미꾸리낚시 Donggeom12635 HH 96. Polygonum senticosum (Meisn.) Franch. & Sav. 며느리밑씻개 Donggeom12305 Th 97. Polygonum thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. 고마리 Donggeom12581 HH( Th ) 98. Polygonum viscosum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 기생여뀌 Donggeom12728 HH( Th ) 99. Rumex acetosella L. 애기수영 Donggeom12068 H 100. Rumex crispus L. 소리쟁이 Donggeom12158 H 101. Rumex japonicus Houtt. 참소리쟁이 Donggeom12489 H Plumbaginaceae 갯길경과 102. Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) Bullock 갯길경 Donggeom12411 Th (w) Elatinaceae 물별과 103. Elatine triandra Schkuhr 물별 Donggeom12741 HH( Th ) Clusiaceae 물레나물과 104. Hypericum ascyron L. 물레나물 Donggeom12356 H 105. Hypericum erectum Thunb. 고추나물 Donggeom12437 H 106. Hypericum laxum (Blume) Koidz. 좀고추나물 Donggeom12430 Th Tiliaceae 피나무과 107. Grewia parviflora Bunge 장구밥나무 Donggeom12406 N 108. Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. 찰피나무 Donggeom12200 MM Malvaceae 아욱과 109. Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 어저귀 Donggeom12670 Th 110. Sida spinosa L. 공단풀 Donggeom12724 Th Violaceae 제비꽃과 111. Viola albida var. chaerophylloides (Regel) F. Maek. 남산제비꽃 Donggeom12038 H 112. Viola mandshurica W. Becker 제비꽃 Donggeom12050 H 113. Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging. 흰제비꽃 Donggeom12051 H 114. Viola rossii Hemsl. 고깔제비꽃 Donggeom12039 H 115. Viola seoulensis Nakai 서울제비꽃 Donggeom12024 H 116. Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link 알록제비꽃 Donggeom12049 H 117. Viola verecunda A. Gray 콩제비꽃 Donggeom12084 H Cucurbitaceae 박과 118. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad 수박 (cult) Donggeom12605 Th 119. Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino 참외 (cult) Donggeom12514 Th 120. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. 하늘타리 Donggeom12347 G Salicaceae 버드나무과 121. Populus x tomentiglandulosa T. B. Lee 은사시나무 (cult) Donggeom12772 MM 122. Salix caprea L. 호랑버들 Donggeom12011 M 123. Salix koreensis Andersson 버드나무 Donggeom12023 MM 124. Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz 키버들 Donggeom12029 N Brassicaceae 십자화과 125. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 장대나물 Donggeom12203 Th (w) 126. Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. 나도냉이 Donggeom12082 HH( Thw ) 127. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. 냉이 Donggeom12017 Th (w) 128. Cardamine fallax (O. E. Schulz) Nakai 좁쌀냉이 Donggeom12064 Th (w) 129. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl 재쑥 Donggeom12226 Th (w) 130. Draba nemorosa L. 꽃다지 Donggeom12031 Th (w) 131. Lepidium apetalum Willd. 다닥냉이 Donggeom12095 Th (w) 132. Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser 속속이풀 Donggeom12100 Th (w) 133. Thlaspi arvense L. 말냉이 Donggeom12020 Th (w) Ericaceae 진달래과 134. Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. 진달래 Donggeom12010 N

13 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 215 Appendix 1. Continued. Pyrolaceae 노루발과 135. Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef. 노루발 Donggeom12336 Ch Ebenaceae 감나무과 136. Diospyros kaki Thunb. 감나무 (cult) Donggeom12319 MM 137. Diospyros lotus L. 고욤나무 Donggeom12163 MM Styracaceae 때죽나무과 138. Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 때죽나무 Donggeom12210 MM 139. Styrax obassia Siebold & Zucc. 쪽동백나무 Donggeom12384 MM Symplocaceae 노린재나무과 140. Symplocos sawafutagi Nagam. 노린재나무 Donggeom12246 N Primulaceae 앵초과 141. Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr. 봄맞이꽃 Donggeom12139 Th (w) 142. Lysimachia davurica Ledeb. 좁쌀풀 Donggeom12344 Th Grossulariaceae 까치밥나무과 143. Ribes fasciculatum var. chinense Maxim. 까마귀밥나무 Donggeom12093 N Crassulaceae 돌나물과 144. Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 기린초 Donggeom12541 H Saxifragaceae 범의귀과 145. Astilbe rubra Hook. f. & Thomson ex Hook. f. 노루오줌 Donggeom12374 H Rosaceae 장미과 146. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. 짚신나물 Donggeom12422 G 147. Aria alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Decne. 팥배나무 Donggeom12089 MM 148. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge 산사나무 Donggeom12708 M 149. Duchesnea chrysantha (Zoll. & Moritzi) Miq. 뱀딸기 Donggeom12067 Ch 150. Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder 아그배나무 Donggeom12312 M 151. Neillia uekii Nakai 나도국수나무 Donggeom12312 N 152. Potentilla fragarioides L. 양지꽃 Donggeom12027 Ch 153. Potentilla freyniana Bornm. 세잎양지꽃 Donggeom12123 Ch 154. Potentilla supina L. 개소시랑개비 Donggeom12146 Ch 155. Prunus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. 벚나무 Donggeom12170 MM 156. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 복숭아나무 Donggeom12059 M 157. Prunus serrulata var. pubescens (Makino) E. H. Wilson 잔털벚나무 Donggeom12041 MM 158. Prunus tomentosa Thunb. 앵도나무 Donggeom12131 N 159. Pyrus calleryana var. fauriei (C. K. Schneid.) Rehder 콩배나무 Donggeom12124 N 160. Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai 배나무 (cult) Donggeom12043 MM 161. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. 산돌배나무 Donggeom12245 MM 162. Rosa multiflora Thunb. 찔레나무 Donggeom12149 N 163. Rosa rugosa Thunb. 해당화 (cult) Donggeom12380 N 164. Rubus fruticosus L. 서양산딸기 Donggeom12204 N 165. Rubus oldhamii Miq. 줄딸기 Donggeom12136 N 166. Rubus parvifolius L. 멍석딸기 Donggeom12190 N 167. Sanguisorba officinalis L. 오이풀 Donggeom12503 G 168. Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora (Nakai) Nakai 조팝나무 Donggeom12052 N 169. Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) Zabel 국수나무 Donggeom12205 N Fabaceae 콩과 170. Aeschynomene indica L. 자귀풀 Donggeom12454 Th 171. Amorpha fruticosa L. 족제비싸리 Donggeom12169 N 172. Amphicarpaea bracteata ssp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H. Ohashi 새콩 Donggeom12562 Th 173. Caragana sinica (Buc hoz) Rehder 골담초 Donggeom12132 N 174. Chamaecrista nomame (Siebold) H. Ohashi 차풀 Donggeom12516 Th 175. Desmodium podocarpum DC. 개도둑놈의갈고리 Donggeom12507 H 176. Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. 돌콩 Donggeom12426 Th 177. Indigofera kirilowii Maxim. ex Palib. 땅비싸리 Donggeom12195 N 178. Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. 매듭풀 Donggeom12561 Th 179. Lathyrus japonicus Willd. 갯완두 Donggeom12115 G 180. Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 싸리 Donggeom12392 N 181. Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don. 비수리 Donggeom12470 H 182. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. 참싸리 Donggeom12496 N 183. Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold ex Maxim. 개싸리 Donggeom12515 Ch

14 216 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 2, No. 2 Appendix 1. Continued Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus Regel 벌노랑이 Donggeom12176 H 185. Medicago lupulina L. 잔개자리 Donggeom12122 Th (w) 186. Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi 칡 Donggeom12424 Ch 187. Robinia pseudoacacia L. 아까시나무 (cult) Donggeom12255 MM 188. Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby 결명자 (cult) Donggeom12610 Th 189. Sophora flavescens Aiton 고삼 Donggeom12307 G 190. Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀 Donggeom12252 Ch 191. Vicia amoena Fisch. 갈퀴나물 Donggeom12537 G 192. Vicia cracca L. 등갈퀴나물 Donggeom12491 G 193. Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi 새팥 Donggeom12532 Th Elaeagnaceae 보리수나무과 194. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 뜰보리수 (cult) Donggeom12196 M Lythraceae 부처꽃과 195. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne 마디꽃 Donggeom12758 HH( Th ) Onagraceae 바늘꽃과 196. Ludwigia epilobioides Maxim. 여뀌바늘 Donggeom12587 HH 197. Oenothera odorata Jacq. 달맞이꽃 Donggeom12431 Th (w) Cornaceae 층층나무과 198. Cornus walteri Wangerin 말채나무 Donggeom12296 MM Santalaceae 단향과 199. Thesium chinense Turcz. 제비꿀 Donggeom12197 H Celastraceae 노박덩굴과 200. Celastrus flagellaris Rupr. 푼지나무 Donggeom12544 M 201. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. 노박덩굴 Donggeom12162 M 202. Euonymus alatus f. ciliatodentatus (Franch. & Sav.) Hiyama 회잎나무 Donggeom12075 N 203. Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. 참회나무 Donggeom12091 M Buxaceae 회양목과 204. Buxus koreana (Nakai ex Rehder) T. H. Chung & al. 회양목 Donggeom12018 N Euphorbiaceae 대극과 205. Acalypha australis L. 깨풀 Donggeom12599 Th 206. Euphorbia humifusa Willd. ex Schltdl. 땅빈대 Donggeom12606 Th 207. Euphorbia supina Raf. 애기땅빈대 Donggeom12501 Th 208. Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. & Maxim. 여우주머니 Donggeom12596 Th 209. Ricinus communis L. 피마자 (cult) Donggeom12761 Th 210. Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder 광대싸리 Donggeom12299 M Vitaceae 포도과 211. Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. 담쟁이덩굴 Donggeom12291 M 212. Vitis flexuosa Thunb. 새머루 Donggeom12313 M Polygalaceae 원지과 213. Polygala japonica Houtt. 애기풀 Donggeom12056 G Aceraceae 단풍나무과 214. Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. 신나무 Donggeom12208 M Anacardiaceae 옻나무과 215. Rhus javanica L. 붉나무 Donggeom12387 M 216. Toxicodendron trichocarpum (Miq.) Kuntze 개옻나무 Donggeom12153 M Simaroubaceae 소태나무과 217. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 가중나무 Donggeom12224 MM 218. Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. 소태나무 Donggeom12211 M Rutaceae 운향과 219. Euodia daniellii (Benn.) Hemsl. 쉬나무 Donggeom12408 M Oxalidaceae 괭이밥과 220. Oxalis stricta L. 선괭이밥 Donggeom12236 H Geraniaceae 쥐손이풀과 221. Geranium carolinianum L. 미국쥐손이 Donggeom12317 H 222. Geranium thunbergii Siebold ex Lindl. & Paxton 이질풀 Donggeom12471 H Balsaminaceae 봉선화과 223. Impatiens balsamina L. 봉선화 (cult) Donggeom12718 Th Araliaceae 두릅나무과 224. Aralia cordata var. continentalis (Kitag.) Y. C. Chu 독활 Donggeom12790 G

15 August 2013 KIM ET AL.-A FLORISTIC STUDY OF DONGGEOM-DO (ISL.) 217 Appendix 1. Continued Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu 오갈피나무 Donggeom12789 N 226. Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. 음나무 Donggeom12130 MM Apiaceae 미나리과 227. Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Sav. 바디나물 Donggeom12611 G 228. Angelica decursiva f. albiflora (Maxim.) Nakai 흰꽃바디나물 Donggeom12612 G 229. Cnidium japonicum Miq. 갯사상자 Donggeom12459 Th (w) 230. Hydrocotyle maritima Honda 선피막이 Donggeom12788 Ch 231. Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. 미나리 Donggeom12405 HH 232. Peucedanum terebinthaceum (Fisch. ex Trevir.) Fisch. ex Turcz. 기름나물 Donggeom12589 H 233. Sanicula chinensis Bunge 참반디 Donggeom12435 Th (v) 234. Sium ninsi L. 감자개발나물 Donggeom12712 HH 235. Sium suave Walter 개발나물 Donggeom12622 HH 236. Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. 사상자 Donggeom12316 Th (w) Loganiaceae 마전과 237. Mitrasacme pygmaea R. Br. 큰벼룩아재비 Donggeom12593 Th Gentianaceae 용담과 238. Gentiana scabra Bunge 용담 Donggeom12692 H 239. Gentiana zollingeri Fawc. 큰구슬붕이 Donggeom12120 Th (w) 240. Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara 자주쓴풀 Donggeom12800 Th (w) Asclepiadaceae 박주가리과 241. Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. 산해박 Donggeom12419 G 242. Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino 박주가리 Donggeom12404 G Solanaceae 가지과 243. Datura meteloides Dunal 털독말풀 Donggeom12710 Th 244. Solanum nigrum L. 까마중 Donggeom12546 Th Convolvulaceae 메꽃과 245. Calystegia hederacea Wall. 애기메꽃 Donggeom12192 G 246. Calystegia soldanella (L.) Roem. & Schult. 갯메꽃 Donggeom12278 G 247. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. 미국실새삼 Donggeom12280 Th 248. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. 미국나팔꽃 Donggeom12394 Th 249. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth 둥근잎나팔꽃 Donggeom12492 Th Boraginaceae 지치과 250. Symphytum officinale L. 컴프리 (cult) Donggeom12264 H 251. Trigonotis peduncularis (Trevis.) Benth. ex Baker 꽃마리 Donggeom12034 Th (w) Verbenaceae 마편초과 252. Callicarpa japonica Thunb. 작살나무 Donggeom12273 M 253. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. 누리장나무 Donggeom12386 MM Phrymaceae 파리풀과 254. Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica H. Hara 파리풀 Donggeom12390 G Lamiaceae 꿀풀과 255. Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze 배초향 Donggeom12626 H 256. Ajuga multiflora Bunge 조개나물 Donggeom12062 H 257. Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze 층층이꽃 Donggeom12575 H 258. Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) H. Hyl. 향유 Donggeom12659 Th 259. Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek. 꽃향유 Donggeom12809 Th 260. Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudô 산박하 Donggeom12478 G 261. Lamium amplexicaule L. 광대나물 Donggeom12097 G 262. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. 익모초 Donggeom12445 Th (w) 263. Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. 쉽싸리 Donggeom12343 HH 264. Lycopus maackianus (Maxim. ex Heder) Makino 애기쉽싸리 Donggeom12460 HH 265. Mosla chinensis Maxim. 가는잎산들깨 Donggeom12630 Th 266. Mosla punctulata (J. F. Gmel.) Nakai 들깨풀 Donggeom12523 Th 267. Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. 속단 Donggeom12433 H 268. Prunella asiatica Nakai 꿀풀 Donggeom12230 H 269. Salvia plebeia R. Br. 배암차즈기 Donggeom12243 Th (w) 270. Scutellaria pekinensis var. transitra (Makino) H. Hara ex H. W. Li 산골무꽃 Donggeom12231 H 271. Teucrium japonicum Houtt. 개곽향 Donggeom12399 H 272. Teucrium viscidum Blume 덩굴곽향 Donggeom12423 H