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1 Journal of Korean Nature Vol. 3, No , 2010 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan Hyun-Kyung Oh 1 *, Hyun-Mi Kang 2 and Song-Hyun Choi 2 1 Department of Landscape Architecture, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju , Korea 2 Department of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National University, Miryang , Korea Abstract: The vascular plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan were listed 373 taxa; 87 families, 222 genera, 284 species, 3 subspecies, 71 varieties and 15 forms. The flora in the Yeohangsan were listed 267 taxa, Muhaksan were listed 199 taxa and Palyongsan were listed 163 taxa. Divided into 373 taxa; woody plants were 142 taxa (38.1%) and herbaceous plants were 231 taxa (61.9%). Based on the list of rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa (Wikstroemia ganpi, Tricyrtis macropoda, etc.). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 10 taxa (Philadelphus schrenkii var. schrenkii, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza maritima, Stewartia pseudo-camellia, Weigela subsessilis, Hosta minor, etc.). Specific plants by floral region were total 34 taxa (9.1% of all 373 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa (Dumasia truncata, etc.) in class IV, 4 taxa (Rhus succedanea, Stewartia pseudo-camellia, Salvia japonica, etc.) in class III, 3 taxa (Viola orientalis, Cymopterus melanotilingia, Teucrium veronicoides) in class II, 25 taxa (Dryopteris erythrosora, Betula schmidtii, Quercus variabilis, Aphananthe aspera, Morus cathayana, Nanocnide japonica, Clematis patens, Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Euonymus japonicus, Meliosma oldhamii, Cayratia japonica, Ardisia japonica, Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum, Trigonotis icumae, Microstegium japonicum, Arisaema ringens, Polygonatum falcatum, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 20 taxa (Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album var. album, Amaranthus lividus, Phytolacca americana, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Ailanthus altissima for. altissima, Oenothera biennis, Galinsoga ciliata, Bromus unioloides, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.4% of all 373 taxa of vascular plants. Keywords: Korean endemic plants, Naturalized plants, Rare plants, Specific plants Introduction The Yeohangsan (Mt.) (744 m) is located in Yeohang-myeon, Hamam-gun and Jinjeon-myeon, Masan-si of Gyeongnam province, the Muhaksan (Mt.) (328 m) in Naeseo-eup and Hoewon-gu, Masan-si and the Palyongsan (328 m) in Hoewon-gu, Masan-si and Changwon-si. The study site, in terms of its plant ecosystem, is subtropics and a part of the South Sea subregion and shares common traits with the Jeju Island subregion or the Ulleung Island subregion (Lee, 1978). Looking at previous studies of the Masan region, Kim (1991) has studied the plant flora of the region as part of the National Natural Ecosystem Study and Kim (1988) has reported its study on the Degree of Green Naturality of the area. In the terms of the Yeohangsan area of the Masan region, Jung and Kim (1999) has reported 321 plant species of 217 genera and 83 families in the 2nd National Natural Environment Research while Kim and Lee (1999) reported *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: trunk92@hanmail.net information regarding the flora of the GoseongHaman region. With regards to the Muhaksan region, Kim and Kong (1990) conducted a study on its flora, and in Palyongsan, Kim (1985) has conducted a study on the area s flora. This study was conducted in order to provide basic information for future ecosystem studies by examining the vascular plant flora of Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan and categorizing them into rare species, endemic species, species unique to plant ecosystem and naturalized species in accordance with the IUCN standards. Materials and Methods The study on the Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan was conducted over 6 days between July and August of 2008, and the study area encompassed the valley area of Uirimsa as the center for Yeohangsan, the area between the Seowongok Amusement Park and the peak for Muhaksan, and the area between Doltap and the peak for Palyongsan for the study of the areas vascular plant flora. The field study was conducted along the individual hiking trails, and the area 10 m to the left and right was examined for upper and mid layers, while the 5 m surrounding area

2 200 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi Fig. 1. The map of Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan ( was studied for the lower and shrub layers (Fig. 1). The order of organization and scientific names of the plants were organized in accordance with the National Standard of Plant section of the Korea National Arboretum and The Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea (2007) and the Engler system (Melchior, 1964). Species determination was conducted on site when possible, and in the case in which this was not possible, the plants were taken to prepare specimen based on documents by Lee (1996), Lee (2003) and Lee (2006) to be stored in the Ecological and Landscape Botany Research Facility of Chonbuk National University. Rare species confirmed, in accordance with the IUCN standards, were determined using the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum (2008), and species significant to the ecosystem were organized via the 2nd National Environment Study (Kim, 2000). Furthermore, endemic species were organized using document by Park (2009) and the naturalization rate of the species in the study area was calculated using the ratio between the total number of species observed and the number of naturalized species (Numata, 1975). Results and Discussion Vascular plants A total of 373 taxa of 87 families, 222 genera, 284 species, 3 subspecies, 71 mutant species and 15 forms was confirmed in the study area, and among these, 267 taxa were found in Yeohangsan, 199 in Muhaksan and 163 in Palyongsan (Appendix 1). Among the plants observed, there were 142 taxa (38.1%) of woody plants, 231 taxa (61.9%) of herbaceous plants and 16 taxa (4.3%) of 6 families and 9 genera of the Pteridophyta, 9 taxa (2.4%) of 3 families and 6 genera of the Gymnospermae, and 348 taxa (93.3%) of 78 families and 207 genera of the Angiospermae. Furthermore, there were 51 taxa (13.7%) of 7 families and 30 genera of the Monocotyledoneae and 297 taxa (79.6%) of 71 families and 177 genera of the Dicotyledoneae (Table 1). Table 1. Taxonomic numbers of vascular plants distributed in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan Class of tracheophyta Pteridophyta Gymnospermae Monocotyledoneae Dicotyledoneae Total Angiospermae Total/Taxa Family Genus Species Subsp. Variety Forma Total

3 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 201 were found in humid areas near the hiking trail of Yeohangsan. Fig. 2. Wikstroemia ganpi Maxim ( Fig. 3. Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. Rare plants (IUCN) In terms of the rare species in the Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan in accordance with the IUCN standards, the Korean wikstroemia (Wikstroemia ganpi) (Fig. 2), Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusa) and the Tricyrtis macropoda (Fig. 3) were observed (Table 2). Among these, the Korean wikstroemia (Wikstroemia ganpi) was categorized as an endangered species and the Tricyrtis macropoda as a Least Concern species in terms of the IUCN standards. Furthermore, tens of the Korean wikstroemia (Wikstroemia ganpi) were found in the peak slope of Palyongsan, and tens of the Tricyrtis macropoda Korean endemic plants In terms of the endemic plants of the Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan, a total of 10 species, including the Hyun poplar (Populus tomentiglandulosa), mock orange (Philadelphus schrenkii var. schrenkii), Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza maritima, Korean mountain camellia (Stewartia pseudo-camellia), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), royal foxglove tree (Paulownia coreana), weigela canary (Weigela subsessilis), Korean starwort (Aster koraiensis) and the Hosta minor, were found (Table 2). Among these, the mock orange (Philadelphus schrenckii) was found in Yeohangsan and the valleys of Muhaksan, the Indigofera koreana in the sunshine slope of all areas, the Lespedeza maritima in the slope of Palyongsan, the Korean mountain camellia (Stewartia pseudo-camellia) in the valleys of Yeohangsan, the weigela canary (Weigela subsessilis) in the valleys of all areas, and the Hosta minor in the slope of Muhaksan in counts of up to tens. Specific plants No plant taxa which fall under Class V of specific plants were observed in the Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan, while 2 taxa of the Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda) and the Dumasia truncata were found in Class IV, 4 taxa of the Chinese Indigo (Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria), wax tree (Rhus succedanea), Korean mountain camellia (Stewartia pseudocamellia) and the Japanese sage (Salvia japonica) were found in Class III, 3 taxa of the golden violet (Viola orientalis), Ostericum melanotilingia and the Teucrium veronicoides were found in Class II, and 25 taxa, including the autumn fern (Dryopteris erythrosora), nut pine (Pinus koraiensis), Manchurian alder (Alnus sibiroca), Schmidt's Table 2. The list of rare and endemic plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan Family name Rare and endemic plants I II III Salicaceae Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B. Lee 은사시나무 Saxifragaceae Philadelphus schrenkii var. schrenkii 고광나무 Leguminosae Indigofera koreana Ohwi 민 ( 좀 ) 땅비싸리 Lespedeza maritima Nakai 해변싸리 Theaceae Stewartia pseudo-camellia Maxim. 노각나무 Thymeleaceae Wikstroemia ganpi Maxim. 거문도닥나무 Oleaceae Forsythia koreana Nakai 개나리 Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton 이팝나무 Scrophulariaceae Paulownia coreana Uyeki 오동 Caprifoliaceae Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey 병꽃나무 Compositae Aster koraiensis Nakai 벌개미취 Liliaceae Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. 뻐꾹나리 Hosta minor Nakai 좀비비추 * I: Rare plants (IUCN), II: Korean endemic plants, III: Planted plants

4 202 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi Table 3. The list of specific plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan Degree* Family name Specific plants I II III IV V Aspidiaceae Dryopteris erythrosora Kuntze 홍지네고사리 Pinaceae Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. 잣나무 ( 식 ) Betulaceae Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. 물오리나무 ( 식 ) Betula schmidtii Regel 박달나무 Fagaceae Quercus variabilis Blume 굴참나무 Ulmaceae Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 참느릅나무 Aphananthe aspera Planch. 푸조나무 Moraceae Morus cathayana Hemsl. 돌뽕나무 Urticaceae Nanocnide japonica Blume 나도물통이 Ranunculaceae Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne. 큰꽃으아리 Rosaceae Kerria japonica for. japonica 황매화 ( 식 ) Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria Matsum. 낭아초 ( 식 ) Leguminosae Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda 등 ( 식 ) Dumasia truncata S. et Z. 비진도콩 Rhynchosia acuminatifolia Makino 큰여우콩 Anacardiaceae Rhus succedanea L. 검양옻나무 Celastraceae Euonymus japonicus Thunb. 사철나무 Sabiaceae Meliosma myriantha Siebold & Zucc. 나도밤나무 Meliosma oldhamii Maxim. 합다리나무 Vitaceae Cayratia japonica Gagnep. 거지덩굴 Theaceae Stewartia pseudo-camellia Maxim. 노각나무 Violaceae Viola orientalis W. Becker 노랑제비꽃 Umbelliferae Cymopterus melanotilingia C.Y. Yoon 큰참나물 Myrsinaceae Ardisia japonica Blume 자금우 Oleaceae Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum 광나무 Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton 이팝나무 ( 식 ) Borraginaceae Trigonotis icumae Makino 덩굴꽃마리 Labiatae Teucrium veronicoides Maxim. 곽향 Salvia japonica Thunb. 둥근배암차즈기 Gramineae Microstegium japonicum Koidz. 민바랭이새 Araceae Arisaema ringens Schott 큰천남성 Hosta capitata Nakai 일월비비추 Liliaceae Hosta minor Nakai 좀비비추 Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray 진황정 * V=Taxa distributed isolating or discontinuous, IV=Taxa distributed only one subregion, III=Taxa distributed two subregions, II=Taxa distributed generally 1,000 m or more, a whole subregion, I=Taxa distributed at least three subregions birch (Betula schmidtii), cork oak (Quercus variabilis), laceberk elm (Ulmus parvifolia), muku tree (Aphananthe aspera), Morus tiliaefora, Nanocnide japonica, lilac clematis (Clematis patens), Japanese kerria (Kerria japonica for. japonica), Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, spindle tree (Euonymus japonica), Meliosma myriantha, Meliosma oldhamii, sorrel vine Cayratia japonica, Ardisia (Ardisia japonica), wax leaf privet (Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum), Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusa), Trigonotis icumae, Microstegium japonicum, cobra lily (Arisaema ringens), Hosta capitata, Hosta minor and the Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, were found in Class I, showing that a total of 34 taxa (making up 9.1% of the total 373 taxa of vascular plants) of specific plants were observed (Table 3). Naturalized plants 20 taxa of naturalized plants, including the curled dock (Rumex crispus), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album var. album), wild amaranth (Amaranthus lividus), pokeberry (Phytolacca americana), poor man s pepper (Lepidium apetalum), false acasia (Robinia pseudo-acacia), bastard indigo (Amorpha fruticosa), clover (Trifolium repens), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima for. altissima), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), daisy fleabane (Erigeron annuus), groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), hogweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), fleabane (Erigeron canadensis), beggar-ticks (Bidens frondosa), American burnweed (Erechtites hieracifolia), redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides), hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) and the Bromus unioloides

5 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 203 Table 4. The list of naturalized plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan Family name Naturalized plants I II III Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L. 소리쟁이 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album var. album 흰명아주 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus lividus L. 개비름 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. 미국자리공 Cruciferae Lepidium apetalum Willd. 다닥냉이 Robinia pseudo-acacia L. 아까시나무 Leguminosae Amorpha fruticosa L. 족제비싸리 Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima for. altissima 가죽나무 Onagraceae Oenothera biennis L. 달맞이꽃 Erigeron annuus Pers. 개망초 Senecio vulgaris L. 개쑥갓 Xanthium strumarium L. 도꼬마리 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 돼지풀 Compositae Conyza canadensis Cronquist 망초 Bidens frondosa L. 미국가막사리 Erechtites hieracifolia Raf. 붉은서나물 Crassocephalum crepidioides S. Moore 주홍서나물 Galinsoga ciliata S.F. Blake 털별꽃아재비 Gramineae Bromus unioloides H. B. K. 큰이삭풀 (= 개보리 ) * I: Yeohangsan, II: Muhaksan, III: Palyongsan were found in the Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan area of Masan (Table 4), and the naturalized rate was calculated to be 5.4% among the 373 taxa of vascular plants. References Jung, K.Y. and M.S. Kim (1999) Flora a nearby hill and Yeohangsan (GoseongHaman). The whole country of the natural environment an investigation (II). Ministry of Environment. Korea. Kim, C.H. (1988) Degree of green naturality of Kyeongnam. The whole country of the natural environment an investigation (I). Ministry of Environment. Korea. Kim, C.H. (2000) Assessment of natural environment-i. Selection of plant taxa-. Kor. J. Environ. Biol. 18(1): Kim, I.T. (1985) Vegetation of Palyongsan. J. Changwon Univ. 7(2): Kim, I.T. (1991) Vegetation of Kyeongnam. The whole country of the natural environment an investigation (I). Ministry of Environment. Korea. Kim, I.T. and J.H. Lee (1999) Vegetation of Goseong and Haman. The whole country of the natural environment an investigation (II). Ministry of Environment. Korea. Kim, J.H. and G.Y. Kong (1990) A study on the vegetation and soil properties in Mt. Muhak. Inst. Environ. Res. Kyungnam Univ. 12: Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum (2008) Rare plants data book in Korea. Korea National Arboretum (2005) The Korean Peninsula of endemic plants. Korea National Arboretum and The Plant Toxonomic Society of Korea (2007) A synonymic list of vascular plants in Korea. Lee, T.B. (2003) Illustrated flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa. Seoul. Korea. Lee, W.T. (1978) Studies on the distribution of vascular plants in the Korean peninsula. The Graduate School Dongguk University. Lee, W.T. (1996) Standard illustrations of Korean plants. Academy Press. Seoul. Korea. Lee, Y.N. (2006) New flora of Korea. Kyohaksa. Seoul. Korea. Melchior, H. (1964) A Engler s syllabus der pflanzenfamilien band II. Gebruder Bornteaeger. Berlin. German. Numata (1975) Naturalized plants. Japanese books. Tokyo. Japan. Park, S.H. (2009) New illustrations and photographs of naturalized plants of Korea. Ilchokak. Seoul. Korea. [Received on October 25, 2010]

6 204 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi Appendix 1. The list of vascular plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan 1. Selaginellaceae 부처손과 Selaginella rossii Warb. 구실사리 Selaginella tamariscina Spring 부처손 2. Equisetaceae 속새과 Equisetum arvense L. 쇠뜨기 3. Davalliaceae 넉줄고사리과 Davallia mariesii T. Moore ex Baker 넉줄고사리 Thelypteris palustris Schott 처녀고사리 4. Aspidiaceae 면마과 Onoclea orientalis Hook. 개면마 Dryopteris saxifraga H. Ito 바위족제비고사리 Dryopteris lacera Kuntze 비늘고사리 Dryopteris varia Kuntze 족제비고사리 Dryopteris hikonensis Nakai 큰족제비고사리 Dryopteris erythrosora Kuntze 홍지네고사리 3 5. Pteridaceae 고사리과 Dennstaedtia hirsuta Mett. ex Miq. 잔고사리 6. Aspleniaceae 꼬리고사리과 Athyrium niponicum Hance 개고사리 Asplenium incisum Thunb. 꼬리고사리 Athyrium yokoscense H. Christ 뱀고사리 Athyrium brevifrons Kodama ex Nakai 참새발고사리 7. Ginkgoaceae 은행나무과 Ginkgo biloba L. 은행나무 5 8. Pinaceae 소나무과 Pinus thunbergii Parl. 곰솔 Pinus rigida Mill. 리기다소나무 5 Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. 소나무 Larix kaempferi Carriere 일본잎갈나무 5 Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. 잣나무 Cupressaceae 측백나무과 Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc. 노간주나무 Thuja occidentalis L. 서양측백 5 Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. 편백 Chloranthaceae 홀아비꽃대과 Chloranthus japonicus Siebold 홀아비꽃대 11. Salicaceae 버드나무과 Salix koreensis Andersson 버드나무 Populus nigra var. italica Koehne 양버들 5 Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B. Lee 은사시나무 25 Salix caprea L. 호랑버들 12. Juglandaceae 가래나무과 Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc. 굴피나무 13. Betulaceae 자작나무과 Corylus heterophylla Fisch. 난티잎개암나무 Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii 개서어나무 Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii Blume 개암나무 Carpinus cordata Blume 까치박달나무 Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica C.K. Sch. 물개암나무 Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. 물오리나무 35 Betula schmidtii Regel 박달나무 3 Alnus firma Siebold & Zucc. 사방오리 5 Carpinus turczaninovii Hance 소사나무 Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana 참개암나무 14. Fagaceae 참나무과 Quercus aliena Blume 갈참나무 Quercus variabilis Blume 굴참나무 3 Quercus dentata Thunb. ex Murray 떡갈나무 Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. 밤나무 5

7 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 205 Quercus acutissima Carruth. 상수리나무 Quercus mongolica Fisch. 신갈나무 Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray 졸참나무 15. Ulmaceae 느릅나무과 Zelkova serrata Makino 느티나무 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai 느릅나무 Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 참느릅나무 3 Celtis sinensis Pers. 팽나무 Aphananthe aspera Planch. 푸조나무 Moraceae 뽕나무과 Morus cathayana Hemsl. 돌뽕나무 3 Morus alba L. 뽕나무 Morus bombycis var. bombycis 산뽕나무 17. Cannabinaceae 삼과 Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc. 환삼덩굴 18. Urticaceae 쐐기풀과 Boehmeria platanifolia Franch. & Sav. 개모시풀 Boehmeria tricuspis Makino 거북꼬리 Nanocnide japonica Blume 나도물통이 3 Boehmeria longispica Steud. 왜모시풀 Boehmeria spicata Thunb. 좀깨잎나무 Pilea hamaoi Makino 큰물통이 19. Aristolochiaceae 쥐방울덩굴과 Asarum sieboldii Miq. 족도리풀 20. Polygonaceae 마디풀과 Persicaria longiseta Kitag. 개여뀌 Persicaria thunbergii H. Gross ex Nakai 고마리 Persicaria nodosa Opiz 큰개여뀌 Fallopia dumetorum Holub 닭의덩굴 Polygonum aviculare L. 마디풀 Persicaria senticosa var. senticosa 며느리밑씻개 Persicaria perfoliata H. Gross 며느리배꼽 Persicaria nodosa Opiz 큰개여뀌 Persicaria sagittata H. Gross ex Nakai 미꾸리낚시 Rumex crispus L. 소리쟁이 4 Aconogonon alpinum Schur 싱아 Persicaria hydropiper var. hydropiper 여뀌 Persicaria filiformis Nakai ex Mori 이삭여뀌 Persicaria posumbu var. laxiflora H. Hara 장대여뀌 Fallopia japonica Ronse. 호장근 21. Chenopodiaceae 명아주과 Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino 명아주 Chenopodium album var. album 흰명아주 Amaranthaceae 비름과 Achyranthes japonica Nakai 쇠무릎 Amaranthus lividus L. 개비름 Phytolaccaceae 자리공과 Phytolacca americana L. 미국자리공 Caryophyllaceae 석죽과 Sagina japonica Ohwi 개미자리 Pseudostellaria heterophylla Pax & Hoffm. 개별꽃 Stellaria alsine var. undulata Ohwi 벼룩나물 Stellaria media Vill. 별꽃 Stellaria aquatica Scop. 쇠별꽃 Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense Mizush. 점나도나물 Pseudostellaria palibiniana Ohwi 큰개별꽃 Dianthus chinensis var. chinensis 패랭이꽃 25. Ranunculaceae 미나리아재비과 Thalictrum aquilegifolium var. sibiricum Reg. & Til. 꿩의다리

8 206 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi Clematis apiifolia DC. 사위질빵 Thalictrum filamentosum var. tenerum Ohwi 산꿩의다리 Ranunculus chinensis Bunge 젓가락나물 Clematis fusca var. violacea Maxim. 종덩굴 Clematis terniflora DC. 참으아리 Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne. 큰꽃으아리 Lardizabalaceae 으름덩굴과 Akebia quinata Decne. 으름덩굴 27. Menispermaceae 방기과 Cocculus trilobus DC. 댕댕이덩굴 28. Lauraceae 녹나무과 Lindera glauca var. glauca 감태나무 Lindera erythrocarpa Makino 비목나무 Lindera obtusiloba var. obtusiloba 생강나무 29. Fumariaceae 현호색과 Corydalis speciosa Maxim. 산괴불주머니 30. Cruciferae 십자화과 Rorippa indica Hiern 개갓냉이 Lepidium apetalum Willd. 다닥냉이 4 Cardamine leucantha var. leucantha 미나리냉이 Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel 배추 5 Cardamine impatiens L. 싸리냉이 Arabis glabra Bernh. 장대나물 31. Crassulaceae 돌나물과 Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & Mey. 기린초 Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 돌나물 Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. 바위채송화 Sedum aizoon L. 가는기린초 32. Saxifragaceae 범의귀과 Philadelphus schrenkii var. schrenkii 고광나무 2 Astilbe rubra var. rubra 노루오줌 Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata Nakai 바위떡풀 Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata Wilson 산수국 Astilbe koreana Nakai 숙은노루오줌 Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim. 얇은잎고광나무 33. Rosaceae 장미과 Rubus phoenicolasius for. phoenicolasius 곰딸기 Stephanandra incisa var. incisa 국수나무 Rosa wichuraiana Crep. ex Franch. & Sav. 돌가시나무 Rubus parvifolius for. parvifolius 멍석딸기 Duchesnea indica Focke 뱀딸기 Prunus serrulata var. spontanea E.H. Wilson 벚나무 5 Prunus persica for. persica 복사나무 Rubus crataegifolius Bunge 산딸기 Prunus sargentii Rehder 산벚나무 Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maxim. 양지꽃 Sanguisorba officinalis L. 오이풀 Prunus japonica var. nakaii Rehder 이스라지 Prunus verecunda Koehne 개벚나무 Rubus oldhamii Miq. 줄딸기 Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. 짚신나물 Rosa multiflora var. multiflora 찔레꽃 Geum aleppicum Jacq. 큰뱀무 Sorbus alnifolia K. Koch 팥배나무 Kerria japonica for. japonica 황매화 Leguminosae 콩과 Vicia venosa var. cuspidata Maxim. 광릉갈퀴 Lespedeza pilosa Siebold & Zucc. 괭이싸리 Vicia unijuga A. Braun 나비나물

9 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 207 Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria Matsum. 낭아초 35 Desmodium podocarpum var. oxyphyllum H. Oh. 도둑놈의갈고리 Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. 돌콩 Kummerowia stipulacea Makino 둥근매듭풀 Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda 등 35 Indigofera kirilowii Maxim. ex Palib. 땅비싸리 Kummerowia striata Schindl. 매듭풀 Indigofera koreana Ohwi 민 ( 좀 ) 땅비싸리 2 Lespedeza cuneata G. Don 비수리 Dumasia truncata S. et Z. 비진도콩 3 Amphicarpaea bracteata subsp. edgeworthii H. Ohas. 새콩 Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. 싸리 Robinia pseudo-acacia L. 아까시나무 45 Vicia venosa Maxim. 연리갈퀴 Albizia julibrissin Durazz. 자귀나무 Lespedeza maximowiczii C.K. Schneid. 조록싸리 Amorpha fruticosa L. 족제비싸리 4 Chamaecrista nomame H. Ohashi 차풀 Pueraria lobata Ohwi 칡 Desmodium oldhami Oliv. 큰도둑놈의갈고리 Rhynchosia acuminatifolia Makino 큰여우콩 3 Trifolium repens L. 토끼풀 4 Lespedeza maritima Nakai 해변싸리 Geraniaceae 쥐손이풀과 Geranium thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. 이질풀 36. Oxalidaceae 괭이밥과 Oxalis corniculata L. 괭이밥 37. Rutaceae 운향과 Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. 산초나무 Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. 초피나무 38. Simaroubaceae 소태나무과 Ailanthus altissima for. altissima 가죽나무 4 Picrasma quassioides Benn. 소태나무 39. Euphorbiaceae 대극과 Securinega suffruticosa Rehder 광대싸리 Acalypha australis L. 깨풀 Sapium japonicum Pax & Hoffm. 사람주나무 40. Anacardiaceae 옻나무과 Rhus tricocarpa Miq. 개옻나무 Rhus succedanea L. 검양옻나무 3 Rhus javanica L. 붉나무 Rhus sylvestris Siebold & Zucc. 산검양옻나무 41. Celastraceae 노박덩굴과 Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. 노박덩굴 Tripterygium regelii Sprague & Takeda 미역줄나무 Euonymus japonicus Thunb. 사철나무 3 Euonymus hamiltonianus var. hamiltonianus 참빗살나무 Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. 참회나무 Euonymus alatus Siebold 화살나무 Euonymus sachalinensis Maxim. 회나무 Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus Hiyama 회잎나무 42. Aceraceae 단풍나무과 Acer pictum subsp. mono Ohashi 고로쇠나무 Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom. 당단풍 Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala Wesm. 신나무 43. Sabiaceae 나도밤나무과 Meliosma myriantha Siebold & Zucc. 나도밤나무 3 Meliosma oldhamii Maxim. 합다리나무 3

10 208 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi 44. Balsaminaceae 봉선화과 Impatiens textori var. textori 물봉선 45. Vitaceae 포도과 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Trautv. 개머루 A. brevipedunculata for. citrulloides Rehder 가새잎개머루 Cayratia japonica Gagnep. 거지덩굴 3 Vitis ficifolia var. sinuata H. Hara 까마귀머루 Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch. 담쟁이덩굴 Vitis flexuosa Thunb. 새머루 Vitis amurensis Rupr. 왕머루 46. Sterculiaceae 벽오동과 Corchoropsis tomentosa Makino 수까치깨 47. Actinidiaceae 다래나무과 Actinidia arguta var. arguta 다래 48. Theaceae 차나무과 Stewartia pseudo-camellia Maxim. 노각나무 Hypericaceae 물레나물과 Hypericum erectum Thunb. 고추나물 Hypericum ascyron L. 물레나물 50. Violaceae 제비꽃과 Viola albida var. chaerophylloides Maek. ex Hara 남산제비꽃 Viola orientalis W. Becker 노랑제비꽃 3 Viola collina Besser 둥근털제비꽃 Viola rossii Hemsl. 고깔제비꽃 Viola variegata var. variegata 알록제비꽃 Viola mandshurica W. Becker 제비꽃 Viola acuminata Ledeb. 졸방제비꽃 Viola verecunda var. verecunda 콩제비꽃 51. Cucurbitaceae 박과 Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. 하늘타리 52. Thymeleaceae 팥꽃나무과 Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. 삼지닥나무 5 Wikstroemia ganpi Maxim. 거문도닥나무 Onagraceae 바늘꽃과 Oenothera biennis L. 달맞이꽃 4 Circaea mollis Siebold & Zucc. 털이슬 54. Halorrhagaceae 개미탑과 Haloragis micrantha R. Br. ex Siebold & Zucc. 개미탑 55. Alangiaceae 박쥐나무과 Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum Ohwi 박쥐나무 56. Araliaceae 두릅나무과 Aralia elata Seem. 두릅나무 57. Umbelliferae 산형과 Ostericum praeteritum Kitag. 강활 Angelica polymorpha Maxim. 궁궁이 Peucedanum terebinthaceum Fisch. ex DC. 기름나물 Osmorhiza aristata Makino & Yabe 긴사상자 Angelica decursiva Franch. & Sav. 바디나물 Torilis japonica DC. 사상자 Sanicula chinensis Bunge 참반디 Cymopterus melanotilingia C.Y. Yoon 큰참나물 Cornaceae 층층나무과 Cornus walteri F.T. Wangerin 말채나무 Cornus kousa F. Buerger ex Miquel 산딸나무 Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain 층층나무 59. Pyrolaceae 노루발과 Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef. 노루발 60. Ericaceae 진달래과 Rhododendron indicum Sweet 영산홍 5

11 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 209 Rhododendron mucronulatum var. mucronulatum 진달래 Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. 철쭉꽃 61. Myrsinaceae 자금우과 Ardisia japonica Blume 자금우 Primulaceae 앵초과 Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica R. Knuth 좁쌀풀 Lysimachia japonica Thunb. 좀가지풀 Lysimachia clethroides Duby 큰까치수영 63. Ebenaceae 감나무과 Diospyros kaki Thunb. 감나무 Symplocaceae 노린재나무과 Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa Ohwi 노린재나무 65. Styracaceae 때죽나무과 Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 때죽나무 Styrax obassia Siebold & Zucc. 쪽동백나무 66. Oleaceae 물푸레나무과 Forsythia koreana Nakai 개나리 25 Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum 광나무 3 Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance 물푸레나무 Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume 쇠물푸레 Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton 이팝나무 135 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. 쥐똥나무 67. Apocynaceae 협죽도과 Trachelospermum asiaticum var. asiaticum 마삭줄 68. Asclepiadaceae 박주가리과 Metaplexis japonica Makino 박주가리 Cynanchum paniculatum Kitag. 산해박 69. Borraginaceae 지치과 Bothriospermum tenellum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 꽃바지 Trigonotis icumae Makino 덩굴꽃마리 Verbenaceae 마편초과 Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. ex Murray 누리장나무 Callicarpa japonica Thunb. 작살나무 Callicarpa dichotoma K. Koch 좀작살나무 71. Labiatae 꿀풀과 Teucrium veronicoides Maxim. 곽향 3 Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai 꿀풀 Scutellaria pekinensis var. transitra Hara 산골무꽃 Salvia japonica Thunb. 둥근배암차즈기 3 Isodon inflexus Kudo 산박하 Clinopodium chinense var. shibetchense Koidz. 산층층이 Lycopus lucidus Turcz. 쉽싸리 Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum Hara 층층이꽃 72. Solanaceae 가지과 Solanum nigrum var. nigrum 까마중 Solanum lyratum Thunb. ex Murray 배풍등 73. Scrophulariaceae 현삼과 Paulownia coreana Uyeki 오동 25 Mazus pumilus Steenis 주름잎 74. Acanthaceae 쥐꼬리망초과 Justicia procumbens L. 쥐꼬리망초 75. Phrymaceae 피리풀과 Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica H. Hara 파리풀 76. Plantaginaceae 질경이과 Plantago asiatica L. 질경이 77. Rubiaceae 꼭두선이과 Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis Maxim. 갈퀴꼭두서니 Galium spurium var. echinospermon Hayek 갈퀴덩굴 Paederia scandens var. scandens 계요등

12 210 Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyun-Mi Kang and Song-Hyun Choi Rubia akane Nakai 꼭두서니 Galium pogonanthum Franch. & Sav. 산갈퀴 Galium verum var. asiaticum Nakai 솔나물 78. Caprifoliaceae 인동과 Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. ex Murray 가막살나무 Viburnum erosum Thunb. 덜꿩나무 Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey 병꽃나무 2 Lonicera japonica Thunb. 인동덩굴 79. Valerianaceae 마타리과 Patrinia villosa Juss. 뚝갈 80. Compositae 국화과 Lactuca indica for. indivisa Hara 가는잎왕고들빼기 Erigeron annuus Pers. 개망초 4 Senecio vulgaris L. 개쑥갓 4 Crepidiastrum sonchifolium Pak & Kawano 고들빼기 Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. 골등골나물 Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum Kitam. 구절초 Aster ageratoides var. ageratoides 까실쑥부쟁이 Artemisia stolonifera for. stolonifera 넓은잎외잎쑥 Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch. Bip. 단풍취 Carpesium abrotanoides L. 담배풀 Bidens bipinnata L. 도깨비바늘 Xanthium strumarium L. 도꼬마리 4 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 돼지풀 4 Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray 등골나물 Artemisia keiskeana Miq. 맑은대쑥 Conyza canadensis Cronquist 망초 4 Bidens frondosa L. 미국가막사리 4 Aster koraiensis Nakai 벌개미취 25 Erechtites hieracifolia Raf. 붉은서나물 4 Youngia japonica DC. 뽀리뱅이 Dendranthema boreale Ling ex Kitam. 산국 Artemisia montana Pamp. 산쑥 Lactuca raddeana Maxim. 산씀바귀 Atractylodes ovata DC. 삽주 Artemisia princeps Pamp. 쑥 Aster yomena Honda 쑥부쟁이 Ixeridium dentatum Tzvelev 씀바귀 Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Matsum. 엉겅퀴 Lactuca indica L. 왕고들빼기 Syneilesis palmata Maxim. 우산나물 Crepidiastrum denticulatum Pak & Kawano 이고들빼기 Artemisia japonica Thunb. 제비쑥 Crassocephalum crepidioides S. Moore 주홍서나물 4 Centipeda minima A. Br. & Asch. 중대가리풀 Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino 진득찰 Aster scaber Thunb. 참취 Galinsoga ciliata S.F. Blake 털별꽃아재비 4 Eupatorium tripartitum Murata & H. Koyama 향등골나물 Ixeridium dentatum for. albiflora H. Hara 흰씀바귀 81. Gramineae 벼과 Phragmites communis Trin. 갈대 Setaria viridis var. viridis 강아지풀 Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens 개밀 Bromus unioloides H. B. K. 큰이삭풀 (= 개보리 ) 4 Agrostis clavata var. nukabo Ohwi 겨이삭 Microstegium vimineum var. vimineum 나도바랭이새 Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli 돌피 Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii Pilg. 띠

13 Classification Type of Vascular Plants in Yeohangsan, Muhaksan and Palyongsan, Masan 211 Microstegium japonicum Koidz. 민바랭이새 3 Digitaria ciliaris Koel. 바랭이 Arundinella hirta Koidz. 새 Poa annua L. 새포아풀 Agropyron ciliare Franch. 속털개밀 Calamagrostis arundinacea Roth 실새풀 Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle 억새 Pseudosasa japonica Makino 이대 5 Zoysia japonica Steud. 잔디 5 Oplismenus undulatifolius var. undulatifolius 주름조개풀 Sporobolus fertilis Clayton 쥐꼬리새풀 Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray 참새귀리 82. Cyperaceae 사초과 Carex neurocarpa Maxim. 괭이사초 Carex lanceolata Boott 그늘사초 Carex bostrychostigma Maxim. 길뚝사초 Carex humilis Leyss 산거울 Carex siderosticta Hance 대사초 Carex ciliatomarginata Nakai 털대사초 83. Araceae 천남성과 Arisaema ringens Schott 큰천남성 Commelinaceae 닭의장풀과 Commelina communis L. 닭의장풀 85. Liliaceae 백합과 Hemerocallis dumortieri Morren 각시원추리 Liriope spicata Lour. 개맥문동 Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum Ohwi 둥굴레 Liriope platyphylla F.T. Wang & T. Tang 맥문동 Smilax riparia var. ussuriensis Hara & T. Koya. 밀나물 Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. 뻐꾹나리 1 Smilax nipponica Miq. 선밀나물 Disporum smilacinum A. Gray 애기나리 Hosta capitata Nakai 일월비비추 3 Hosta minor Nakai 좀비비추 23 Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray 진황정 3 Lilium lancifolium Thunb. 참나리 Smilax sieboldii for. sieboldii 청가시덩굴 Smilax china L. 청미래덩굴 Lilium amabile Palib. 털중나리 Lilium tsingtauense Gilg 하늘말나리 86. Dioscoreaceae 마과 Dioscorea tenuipes Franch. & Sav. 각시마 Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. 국화마 Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb. 단풍마 Dioscorea batatus Decne. 마 Dioscorea nipponica Makino 부채마 Dioscorea japonica Thunb. 참마 87. Orchidaceae 난초과 Cephalanthera erecta Blume 은난초 Total: 373 taxa (87 families, 222 genera, 284 species, 3 subspecies, 71 varieties and 15 forms) * I: Yeohangsan, II: Muhaksan, III: Palyongsan, IV: Remark ** 1: Rare plants (IUCN), 2: Korean endemic plants, 3: Specific plants, 4: Naturalized plants, 5: Planted & Cultivated plants