Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 10 pp. 34-38, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.10.34 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 3D 프린팅전문운용사및 3D 프린터개발산업기사국가기술자격종목개발에관한연구 강석주 *, 우미혜한국산업인력공단자격설계팀 A Study on the Development of 3D Printing Operation Expert and 3D Printing Development Specialist Kang Seok Joo *, Woo Mi Hye Human Resources Development Service of Korea 요약본연구는 3D프린팅산업에서 3D프린팅운용과개발에사용되어지는전문기술인력을효과적으로양성할수있는 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사의국가기술자격종목을개발하고자하는데그목적이있다. 연구의목적을달성하기위하여 3D프린팅분야의국내외실태조사, 문헌조사를통하여 3D프린팅관련교육훈련기관및검정수요예상인력을파악했으며, 유사자격제도를분석하였고, 직무분석을통하여 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사의직무및교육내용을분석하였다. 3D프린팅전문운용사의필기시험은 3D 스캐너, 3D 모델링, 3D프린터설정, 3D프린터출력및후가공, 3D프린터교정및유지보수 5개과목과실기시험의경우, 3D프린터작품제작, 3D 모델링, 3D 스캐너, 3D프린터유지보수실무등을내용으로검정방법으로는작업형이다. 3D프린터개발산업기사의필기시험은 3D프린터회로및기구, 3D프린터장치, 3D프린터프로그램, 3D프린터교정및유지보수등 4개과목과실기시험의경우, 3D프린터조립및출력점검, CAD 작업, 3D프린터프로그램, 3D프린터유지보수실무등을내용으로검정방법으로는작업형이다. 또한, 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사자격종목신설에대한설문조사를실시했으며, 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사자격종목의출제기준및채점방법을제시했고, 필기시험과실기시험에대한모의검정시험도실시하였다. 이러한결과를토대로 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사에대한교육프로그램을만들었으며, 자격검정을실시할수있는출제기준을제시하였다. Abstract This study aims to develop qualification criteria for training and establishing an expert pool of 3D printing operation experts and 3D printing development specialists in the emerging 3D printing industry. We investigate the domestic and international 3D printing industry, as well as 3D printing- related training institutions and quantity of test examinees. Utilizing competency analysis, this study examines the competencies and educational content of both 3D printing operation expert as well as 3D printing development specialists. In addition, a survey was conducted on the issue of institutionalization of qualification criteria for 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists. This study further proposes evaluation methods for qualification criteria for both 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists based on simulations of both written and performance tests. Based on the findings, this study proposes instructional program outlines as well as comprehensive guidelines for training and qualification processes for 3D printing operation expert and 3D printer development specialists. Keywords : 3D printing national Recognition System * Corresponding Author : Kang Seok Joo(Human Resources Development Service of Korea) Tel: +82-10-5450-1419 email: asparas@hanmail.net Received July 27, 2016 Revised (1st September 13, 2016, 2nd October 6, 2016) Accepted October 7, 2016 Published October 31, 2016 34
3D 프린팅전문운용사및 3D 프린터개발산업기사국가기술자격종목개발에관한연구 1. 서론 1.1 연구필요성및목적글로벌산업화의선제적위치선점을위해정부차원에서주도적으로우리의강점인기술 제조인프라를활용하고, 3D 프린팅기술을도입함으로써산업화에신성장동력확보필요하고 3D 프린팅기술자격도입및현재활용되고있는종목에대해 3D 프린팅기술인증체제를마련하여, 신개념의제조업혁신및성장동력확보및양질의일자리창출과창의력을원동력으로하는 1인기업창업에기여한다.[1][2] 3D프린팅전문운용사및 3D프린터개발산업기사 국가기술자격체계를구축하여인력양성을유도하고, 전문인력의역량향상에기여할수있도록산업의현장성제고및통용성중심의자격종목개발한다.[3] 1.2 연구내용 3D프린팅산업의현황및문제점을분석하고, 이를바탕으로산업활성화를위한필요전문인력양성에필요한중요직무를파악하고종목관련직문및교육과정분석세부단계수립, 종목등급및직무정의, 종목직무분석을통한직무및작업명세서작성, 교육훈련과정및교과과정분석및설문지조사및분석을통한타당성평가한다. 자격종목및등급, 응시자격, 검정기준, 검정시행형태및합격결정기준, 검정방식및시험과목수립, 필기및실기시험에따른출제기준 ( 안 ) 수립, 필기및실기채점기준 ( 안 ) 수립, 검정수탁기관분석기준수립및평가, 필기및실시모의시험수행을통한타당성검증한다.[4] 처기업중심으로제품개발, 상용화초기단계진입하였으나, 시장을선점하기에는역부족이다.[5] 2.1.2 교육훈련현황 3D프린터개발과연관되어기본적인지식을습득하는학과는많으나실제산업및현업에적용할만한특화되어전문인력을양성하는학과는찾기힘들며, 3D프린터와관련된학과로는개발분야에서는전자공학, 기계공학, 제어공학, 소재공학등이핵심학문이며, 제품제작에서는제품디자인, 공예, 기계공학, 자동차, 금형, 의류를포함한다양한분야에서접근이가능하다.[6][7] 시장의수요에부응하기위하여 3D프린터와관련된커리큘럼을학과별전공과목으로포함할수있도록고용노동부, 교육부의검토가요구되며체계적이지못한일부훈련기관의교육의질적향상을위하여 3D프린터민간교육기관의커리큘럼과시설에대한전반적인관리감독으로피교육자의피해가발생하지않도록제도적인장치가요구된다.[8] 2.2 직무분석및교육내용분석 2.2.1 3D 프린팅전문운용사직무분석표 3D프린팅전문운용사직무분석은제품스캐닝, 제품모델링, 출력용데이터확정, 3D프린터설정, 제품출력및후가공, 장비관리및작업자안전사항으로구분하여직무분석을수행한다. Table 1. 3D Printing Operation Expert Core Competencies Analysis Duty No Task 2. 본론 2.1 3D 프린팅산업의현황 2.1.1 3D 프린팅산업의국내외현황세계시장은제품관련된직접적인시장외에도서비스시장을포함한지속적인성장이전망되며, 18년까지 125억불규모의성장을전망한다. 국내시장은 '13년이후급격한성장세에있으나, 국내업체의시장점유율이 10% 에불과하며, 해외기술에의존적인실정국내 3D 프린터시장현황은해외업체 90%/ 국내업체 10% ( 한국경제 13.5.21) 일부중소 / 벤 Product scanning Product Modeling Determining for output data 1 Decision of scanner 2 Scanning objections 3 Modification scanning data 1 3D design for building objects 2 3D design for assembling objects 3 2D sketch 4 3D Engineering for building objects 5 Assembling objects 1 Identifying the issues 2 Modifying the data 3 Re-creation for the modified data 35
한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 10 호, 2016 setting Building parts and Pos process Management for the machine and Safety for operators Duty No Task Circuit Mechanics development driving parts the building nozzle control program 1 Analysis for design conditions 2 Design for circuit diagram 3 Securing Design reliability 4 Review for mechanics 5 Design mechanics 6 Securing stability for mechanics 1 driving parts 2 horizontal devices 3 1 Setting for supports 2 Slicing 3 G code 4 Preparing the materials 5 Preparing the data 6 Setting for machine output 1 Checking for output procedures 2 Managing for faulty output 3 Collect output 4 Polishing 5 Painting 1 Calibration 2 Dry run test 3 Check list 4 Following safety guideline while handing machines and materials. 2.2.2 3D프린터산업기사직무분석표 3D프린터산업기사직무분석은회로 기구개발, 구동장치개발, 빌드장치개발, 제어프로그램개발, 응용소프트웨어개발, 3D프린터개량보전, 3D프린터안전관리로구분하여직무분석을수행한다. Table 2. Development Specialist Competencies Analysis device of materia recycling 1 Design for nozzle 2 Design for optic modules 3 Design for hybrid system 1 Design plan for control program 2 Design for control program 3 Verifying the control program application software Improvement Safety Management 1 Reviewing for program compatibility user interface 2 program 3 CAM Simulation 1 Technical review for the parts 2 Analysis for effective of improvement 3 Planning for improvement 4 Action for improvement 5 Verifying improvement activities 6 Reporting outcome 1 Observation for Safety prevention 2 Choice of risk factors 3 Plan for Safety prevention 4 Action for risk factors. 2.2.3 교과목도출 3D프린팅전문운용사와 3D프린터개발산업기사시험과목은앞서 [ 표1], [ 표2] 에서제시한직무분석내용을통해얻어진작업단위와작업단위요소에따라도출된 3D프린팅업무에필요한관련지식을근간으로도출하였으며, 또한국내 3D프린팅관련학과의교과과정과전문교육운영기관의교육과정을비교 분석하여시험과목을선정하였다. 이렇게도출된시험과목은전문가자문회의, 설문조사를통하여주요항목에대한필요성을검증하였다. 직무분석을통하여제시된 3D프린팅전문운용사의출제기준에서필기시험을제시하면, 3D 스캐너, 3D 모델링, 3D프린터설정, 3D프린터출력및후가공, 3D프린터교정및유지보수등 5개로선정하고 3D프린터개발산업기사의필기시험은 3D프린터회로및기구, 3D프린터장치, 3D프린터프로그램, 3D프린터교정및유지보수등 4개로선정하였다. 3D프린팅전문운용사의실기시험과목은 3D프린터작품제작, 3D 모델링, 3D 스캐너, 3D프린터유지보수실무 4개로선정하고 3D프린터개발산업기사의실기시험과목은 3D프린터조립및출력점검, CAD 작업, 3D프린터프로그램, 3D프린터유지보수실무 4개로선정하였다. 2.3 자격검정체계구성 2.3.1 직무분야 직무분석과전문가자문회의등을통해도출된결과직무분야를 3D프린터용제품제작과 3D프린터개발로하였으며, 국가기술자격분류체계는중직무분야를 3D프린터개발로분야로결정했다. 36
3D 프린팅전문운용사및 3D 프린터개발산업기사국가기술자격종목개발에관한연구 Table 3. Career Categorization Occupation Field occupation Name of education or training course Korean English 3D printing operation expert Engineer 3D printing operation expert 3D Printing operation expert development specialist 2.3.2 응시자격 3D프린팅전문운용사 의응시자격은현행국가기술자격시험의응시자격과동일하게기능사종목이기때문에응시자격에제한이없다. 3D프린터개발산업기사 의응시자격은현행국가기술자격시험의응시자격과동일하게적용한다. Table 5. Test Subjects for 3D Printing Development Specialists Examination (Subjects) test exam Subjects Number of exam. Circuit and Mechanics 20 devices 20 program 20 calibration and maintenance 20 Assembly and output checking, CAD, program Type of question Multiple choice from 4 (Practical) Practical type 2 questions Time of exam. 2hour (total 80 questions) 4 hours 2.3.3 검정방법및시험과목 검정방법은필기시험과실기시험으로실시하도록제시한다. 필기시험의경우객관식 4지택일형시험의 100 점만점중 60점이상을합격기준으로하며, 필기시험합격자를대상으로수행되는실기시험의경우, 작업형시험 100점만점중 60점이상을합격기준으로한다. Table 4. Test Subjects for 3D Printing Operation Expert Examination (Subjects) test exam Subjects 3D Scanner 10 3D Modeling 13 setting 13 output and Post process 14 Calibration and Maintenance Product building, 3D Modeling, 3D Scanner, Maintenance Type of question Multiple choice from 4 (Practical) Number of exam. 10 Practical type 2 questions Time of exam. 1hour and 30 minutes (total 60 questions) 4 hours 3. 결론 3D프린팅전문운용사및 3D프린터개발산업기사국가기술자격종목을신설하는데그목적이있으며, 해당업무직무분석을통한출제기준을마련하고, 3D프린팅관련검정소요예상인력을제시하고자하였다. 또한국가기술자격으로기능사와산업기사의신설을제안하였으며, 필기시험과목과실기시험과목등을제시하여국가기술자격이신설되도록제시하였다. 국가기술자격종목으로서의 3D프린팅전문운용사 와 3D프린터개발산업기사 자격제도신설과그시행에있어서정책적으로보완되어져야할사항은다음과같다. 3D프린팅전문운용사 와 3D프린터개발산업기사 국가기술자격종목의도입및활용을위한법제도의보완한다. 둘째, 체계적인육성을위한전문가교육과정의신설한다. 셋째, 학습을위한교재연구및개발한다. 넷째, 자격증소지자의고용을의무화한다. 다섯째, 3D프린팅전문운용사 와 3D프린터개발산업기사 의전문성의극대화할수있는상위등급자격인 3D프린터개발기사국가자격종목의신설필요성연구가필요하다. 37
한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 10 호, 2016 References [1] Seok Joo Kang,, A Study on the Effects of of Function on Job Competence and Job Fitness, KoreaTech, 2011. [2] National Technology Standards Implementation Manual, Human Resources Development Service of Korea, 2010. [3] Establishment of National Competency Standards Related Infrastructure and Pilot Development Business, Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 2003. [4] National Competency Standards Development Business, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training 2004. [5] 3D Printing Strategy Technology Policies, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning & Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy 2014. [6] Gi-woo Lee, Manual for Testing Business in Companies, Human Resources Development Service of Korea, 2009. [7] Wang-hun Seok, Gwang-man Park, and Gwang-hee Lee, 3D Printing Related ICT R&D Potential Fields Search, Issue Report, Nov 2013. [8] The Second National Competency Standards Institutional Development Plan, Ministry of Employment and Labor, 2010. [9] Sang-jin Kim, A Study on the Effectiveness of Testing Institution, Sungkyunkwan University, 2004. 우미혜 (Woo Mi Hye) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 인사관리, 직업교육훈련 2009 년 2 월 : 한국기술교육대학교산업경영학과졸업 2011 년 3 월 : 동대학원인력경영전공석사 2014 년 3 월 ~ 2016 년 2 월 : 동대학원인력개발학과박사과정 강석주 (kang, seog joo) [ 정회원 ] 1989 년 11 월 ~ 1991 년 3 월 : 한국담배인삼공사 1996 년 12 월 ~ 2000 년 8 월 : 대한상의직업교육사업단교수 2000 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 한국산업인력공단팀장 ( 책임전문위원 ) < 관심분야 > 표준, 일학습병행, HRD, NCS, 자격, 직업교육, 출제기준 38