가구유형변화에대한대응방안 김영철 김연수 김인경
발간사 1980 5, 2000 4. 2000, 2 (, 2010 ). 1, 2 1.,.,. 1 2,,,,.,., 1 2,, 30,. 1,, 1 2. 3 4
,,,.,,,..,.,,,,,,..,. 2011 12
목 차 제 1 장연구개요및현황 1 제2장해외의가구변화관련사례검토 8 제1절 OECD 국가들의가구관련주요변화 8 제2절유럽국가들의가구변화에따른정책조정 16 제3절일본의가구변화에따른정책조정 26 제3장 1 2 인가구에관한심층분석및대응방향 33 제1절우리나라 1 2 인가구의증가요인 33 제2절우리나라 1 2 인가구의빈곤및취업현황 40 제3절정책대상의선별및대응방향 46 제4장적극적가구정책을통한 1인가구증가억제 48 제1절한국을비롯한아시아국가들의미혼율증대 52 제2절한국여성들의만혼화와혼인기피현상 54 제3절적극적가구정책으로서의혼인장벽해소 59 제 5 장 1 2 인취약계층에대한사회복지정책의확충 67 제 1 절한부모가정에대한추가지원 67 제 2 절독거노인등빈곤노인가구에대한지원확충 71 제 6 장 3 4 인가구중심의기존제도및정책재조정 74
제1절주택정책의조정 74 제2절최저생계비재설계 76 제3절소득공제제도에대한검토 78 제4절사회보험수급자격에대한검토 78 제5절각종통계의재정비및구축 79 제 7 장종합의견및집중사안 81 참고문헌 85
표목차 < 표 1> 가구원수별규모 (1980~2010 년 ) 1 < 표 2> 각가구유형별가구수증감현황 (1980~2010 년 ) 3 < 표 3> 세대별가구구성 (2005년, 2010년 ) 5 < 표 4> 나라별 1인가구비율 (1970~2005 년 ) 17 < 표 5> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 ( 영국 ) 17 < 표 6> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 ( 독일 ) 19 < 표 7> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 ( 스웨덴 ) 20 < 표 8> 성별 1인가구의수와구성비율 ( 스웨덴 ) 20 < 표 9> OECD 각국의가구유형구조 (2000년대초반 ) 23 < 표 10> 1인가구의수및비중 ( 일본 ) 28 < 표 11> 성별 1인가구의연령및혼인상태 (2005년및 2010년 ) 34 < 표 12> 각혼인상태별남성 1인가구현황 35 < 표 13> 각혼인상태별여성 1인가구현황 36 < 표 14> 1인가구의혼인상태를이용한증가요인분석 37 < 표 15> 2인가구의가족형태를이용한증가요인분석 39 < 표 16> 2인가구의가구주연령분포 39 < 표 17> 가구원수별지니계수 40 < 표 18> 가구원수별상대빈곤 ( 중위소득 50% 기준 ) 41 < 표 19> 가구주연령대별상대빈곤 ( 중위값 50% 기준 ) 42 < 표 20> 가구주가 40대인 2인가구의세대별상대빈곤율 43 < 표 21> 가구원수별가구주취업여부 ( 인구센서스 2005) 44 < 표 22> 1인가구의연령대별취업비중 45 < 표 23> 2인가구의가구주연령대별가구주의취업비중 46 < 표 24> 2인가구의세대별가구주의취업비중 46 < 표 25> 1 2 인가구의증가추세에대한정부의대응방향 47 < 표 26> 주요 OECD 국가들의여성초혼연령 49
< 표 27> OECD 주요국여성들의초산및초혼연령, 혼외출산율 50 < 표 28> 연도별 30대인구미혼율추이 52 < 표 29> 만혼및비혼증가현상에대한미혼남녀의응답 57 < 표 30> 미혼남녀 (25~44 세 ) 의결혼하지않은이유 (1순위응답비중 ) 58 < 표 31> 낮시간동안의주된양육자 : 영 유아대상 61 < 표 32> 각종결혼정책에대한미혼남녀 (20~44 세 ) 의선호도 64 < 표 33> 한부모가구의증가현황 68 < 표 34> OECD 각국의부모유형에따른아동빈곤율분포 69 < 표 35> OECD 국가의고령화속도 71 < 표 36> 가구규모별기초생활보장수급가구비율변화 77
그림목차 [ 그림 1] 1 2 인가구의증가세 (1980~2010 년 ) 4 [ 그림 2] 연령대별혼자사는인구의비중 4 [ 그림 3] OECD 각국의평균가구원수 (1980년대중반및 2000년대중반 ) 9 [ 그림 4] OECD 각국의합계출산율 (1980년및 2009년 ) 10 [ 그림 5] OECD 각국의여성 (15~64세 ) 노동시장참여율 (1995년및 2009년 ) 11 [ 그림 6] 주요국가의합계출산율변화추이 (1970~2009 년 ) 13 [ 그림 7] OECD 주요국여성들의평균초산연령 (2008년기준 ) 15 [ 그림 8] OECD 주요국들의초산연령증가 (1995년 ~2008년 ) 15 [ 그림 9] 각교육수준별여성이무자녀가구에소속된비율 (25~49 세여성 ) 16 [ 그림 10] 1인가구의성별, 연령별분포 ( 영국 ) 18 [ 그림 11] 유럽국가들의성인 (25~45 세 ) 의가정형태 ( 실질적독신, 동거상태, 혼인생활로구분 ) 22 [ 그림 12] 혼외출산율의증가 (1980년과 2007년기준 ) 23 [ 그림 13] 일본의가구구조변화 27 [ 그림 14] 연령대별혼자사는인구의비중 ( 일본 ) 29 [ 그림 15] 일본의연령별미혼율추이 30 [ 그림 16] 연도별 30대인구미혼율추이 38 [ 그림 17] OECD 내주요국의초혼연령 (2000년대중반 ) 49 [ 그림 18] OECD 내주요국의혼외출산율과합계출산율의상관관계 (2008년기준 ) 51 [ 그림 19] 35~39 세여성들의미혼율 (1970~2005 년 ) 53 [ 그림 20] 성별 연령별고용률추이 55 [ 그림 21] 연령별여성의경제활동참가율 55 [ 그림 22] 초혼연령추이 56 [ 그림 23] 국가별출산 양육관련휴가정책지출수준 (2007년 ) 60 [ 그림 24] 각연도별과거인구구성및미래전망 72 [ 그림 25] 각연령대별혼자거주하는비율 (2010년도 ) 72
제 1 장연구개요및현황 2010, 4 ( 1 ). 1, 2, 3, 4 23.9%, 24.3%, 21.3%, 22.5% (, 5 8.1%) 1985 5, < 표 1> 가구원수별규모 (1980~2010 년 ) 7,969 (100.0) 1 2 3 4 (:, %) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 383 (4.8) 840 (10.5) 1,153 (14.5) 1,620 (20.3) 5 3,974 (49.9) 9,571 (100.0) 661 (6.9) 1,176 (12.3) 1,580 (16.5) 2,422 (25.3) 3,734 (39.0) : (2011. 7. 7). 11,355 (100.0) 1,021 (9.0) 1,566 (13.8) 2,163 (19.1) 3,351 (29.5) 3,253 (28.7) 12,958 (100.0) 1,642 (12.7) 2,185 (16.9) 2,636 (20.3) 4,110 (31.7) 2,385 (18.4) 14,312 (100.0) 2,224 (15.5) 2,731 (19.1) 2,987 (20.9) 4,447 (31.1) 1,922 (13.4) 15,887 (100.0) 3,171 (20.0) 3,521 (22.2) 3,325 (20.9) 4,289 (27.0) 1,582 (10.0) 17,339 (100.0) 4,142 (23.9) 4,205 (24.3) 3,696 (21.3) 3,898 (22.5) 1,398 (8.1)
2005 4, 2010 2, 1 1980 4.62 2000 3.12, 2010 2.69, 1 2 ( 2 ) OECD, 2000 2.97 OECD 2.63, (2009 ) 1.15 OECD 1.74 ( 3, 4 )., 1 2 4 5. 1990 2010, 1 2 9.0% 13.8% 23.9% 24.3%, 4 5 29.5% 28.7% 22.5% 8.1% ( 1 ), 1980 2010 1 30.6~72.6% (5 ) 2 19.4~ 40.0%, 4 5 9.1% 5 11.6% ( 2 ) 1 2 (empty nest),, 1,., 20~30 60
< 표 2> 각가구유형별가구수증감현황 (1980~2010 년 ) 1980~ 85 1985~ 90 1990~ 95 1995~ 2000 (:, %) 2000~ 05 2005~ 10 1,602 1,784 1,603 1,354 1,575 1,452 1 278 360 621 582 947 971 2 336 390 619 546 790 684 3 427 583 473 351 338 371 4 802 929 759 337-158 -391 5-240 -481-868 -463-340 -184 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 17.4 20.2 38.7 43.0 60.1 66.9 2 21.0 21.9 38.6 40.3 50.2 47.1 3 26.7 32.7 29.5 25.9 21.5 25.6 4 50.1 52.1 47.3 24.9-10.0-26.9 5-15.0-27.0-54.1-34.2-21.6-12.7 (5) 20.1 18.6 14.1 10.4 11.0 9.1 1 72.6 54.5 60.8 35.4 42.6 30.6 2 40.0 33.2 39.5 25.0 28.9 19.4 3 37.0 36.9 21.9 13.3 11.3 11.2 4 49.5 38.4 22.6 8.2-3.6-9.1 5-6.0-12.9-26.7-19.4-17.7-11.6 ( ) 4.62 4.16 3.77 3.40 3.12 2.88 (5) 8 7.3 2.8 3.4 2.5 2.8 :. 1., 10 20 30 ( 2 ).
[ 그림 1] 1 2 인가구의증가세 (1980~2010 년 ) : (2011. 7. 7) [ 그림 2] 연령대별혼자사는인구의비중 : 6. :, ( KOSIS ).
< 표 3> 세대별가구구성 (2005 년, 2010 년 ) (:, %) 2005 (A) 2010 (B) (B A) 15,887 100.0 17,339 100.0 1,452 9.1 1 2,575 16.2 3,027 17.5 453 17.6 2,259 14.2 2,672 15.4 413 18.3 316 2.0 356 2.1 40 12.7 2 8,807 55.4 8,892 51.3 85 1.0 + 6,702 42.2 6,416 37.0-286 -4.3 + 287 1.8 347 2.0 61 21.1 + 1,083 6.8 1,247 7.2 164 15.1 + 58 0.4 51 0.3-7 -11.9 678 4.3 831 4.8 154 22.7 3 1,093 6.9 1,063 6.1-30 -2.7 ++ 141 0.9 134 0.8-6 -4.5 ++ ( ) 567 3.6 518 3.0-49 -8.7 385 2.4 411 2.4 26 6.7 4 16 0.1 13 0.1-3 -19.7 1 3,171 20.0 4,142 23.9 971 30.6 226 1.4 202 1.2-24 -10.5 : (2011. 7. 7).,,, ( 3 ) 2010,
1 17.5%, 23.9%, 7.2% 2.0%, (50.2% ) 1 5 17.6%, 30.6%, 15.1%, 21.1%, (+) (-4.3%), 3 (-2.7%) 4 (-19.7%). 1 2 : 1), 2), 3) 1 1,.,, 3 4 1 2,. 1,,, ( ).
,,,,. 3, 1 2,, 1 2, 1), 2), 3), 4).
제 2 장해외의가구변화관련사례검토 제 1 절 OECD 국가들의가구관련주요변화, OECD 1980 3 ( 3 )., 30, (replacement rate) ( 4 ). OECD 1995 53.6% 2009 59.6% ( 5 ).,
[ 그림 3] OECD 각국의평균가구원수 (1980 년대중반및 2000 년대중반 ) : OECD, Doing Better for Families, 2011. (childless women) OECD.
[ 그림 4] OECD 각국의합계출산율 (1980 년및 2009 년 ) : World Factbook(2011), 222 : 1.23 (217 ), 1.21 (218 ), 1.15 (219 ), 1.11 (220 ), 1.07 (221 ), 0.92 (222 ). : OECD, Doing Better for Families, 2011; CIA, World Factbook, 2011.
[ 그림 5] OECD 각국의여성 (15~64 세 ) 노동시장참여율 (1995 년및 2009 년 ) : OECD, Doing Better for Families, 2011.
1. 출산패턴의변화 OECD. ( 1990 ) OECD 1970 2.7 2009 1.7 ( 6 ). 1982 2.1., 2002 1.6,, 1970 2.0, 1.4 OECD ( 6 - ). 1970 1.85, 10 2.0.,, 1.4. 1970 1.7, 2.0. OECD (,, )
[ 그림 6] 주요국가의합계출산율변화추이 (1970~2009 년 ) 패널가. OECD 내주요국들의출산율변화추이 패널나. OECD 외주요국가들의출산율변화추이 :,,,,,,,,. OECD OECD. : Eurostat, Eurostat New Cronos Database, 2010; National Statistics Offices; UN Population Division(2010), for China.,, OECD ( 6 - ).
OECD. 2. 가정형성 (family formation) 의지연 2008 OECD 27.8, 29.1 (2005 ) ( 7 ). 10, OECD 1.64 ( 8 ) 10 2.6,.... OECD 20 25 49, 31%, 42% ( 9 ).,,.
[ 그림 7] OECD 주요국여성들의평균초산연령 (2008 년기준 ) : 2007 ;,,,, 2006 ;,,, 2005. : Eurostat(2010); United Nations Statistical Division(2010); National Statistical Offices. [ 그림 8] OECD 주요국들의초산연령증가 (1995~2008 년 ) : 2007 ;,,,, 2006 ;,,, 2005. : Eurostat(2010); United Nations Statistical Division(2010); National Statistical Offices.
[ 그림 9] 각교육수준별여성이무자녀가구에소속된비율 (25~49 세여성 ) : (lower secondary education) (upper secondary education). : EU LFS(2008). 제 2 절유럽국가들의가구변화에따른정책조정 1. 유럽각국의가구유형변화 1 1980 20%, 1990 30% ( 4 ). < 영국사례 >, 2006 1 2 65%, 3 4 29% ( 5 ) 1 2 1971 18%(1 ) 32%(2 ) 2006 29%(1 ) 36%(2 ), 3 4 1971 19%(3 ) 17%(4 ) 2006 16%(3 ) 13%(4 )
< 표 4> 나라별 1 인가구비율 (1970~2005 년 ) 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 23 32 40 49-25 33 40 46 46 20 27 32 38-25 31 34 36 38 17 22 29 33 35 20 25 29 31-18 22 29 30 30 26 28 30 29-17 23 25 26 27 18 21 23 26-13 18 20 24-11 15 17 23-20 20 23 28 30 - - 9 16 20 (: %) :. : Eurostat, European Labour Force Survey; Martin and Kats(2003); Federal Statistical Office, Germany; National Statistics UK; Hall et al.(1997), (2007). < 표 5> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 ( 영국 ) (: %) 1971 1981 1991 2001 2006 1 18 22 27 29 29 2 32 32 34 35 36 3 19 17 16 16 16 4 17 18 16 14 13 5 8 7 5 5 4 6 6 4 2 2 2 () 18.6 20.2 22.4 23.8 24.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 : Office for National Statistics, Census, Labour Force Survey. (2007).
[ 그림 10] 1 인가구의성별, 연령별분포 ( 영국 ) (: %) : 1) 2001/02. 2) (calendar year), 2005 2004/05. : Office for National Statistics, General Household Survey(Longitudinal). (2007). 1, 25~44 1987 7% 2005 15%, 45~64 1987 8% 2005 17% ( 10 ). 75 60%. < 독일사례 > 1 2 3, 2005 1 2 71.4%, 3 4 24.8% ( 6 ). 1 2, 1980 30.2%(1 ) 28.7%(2 ) 2005 37.5%(1 ) 33.9%(2 ), 3 4, 1980 17.7%(3 ) 14.6%(4 ) 2005 14.0%(3 ) 10.8%(4 ).
< 표 6> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 ( 독일 ) (:, %) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 24,811 26,367 28,175 36,938 38,124 39,178 1 (%) 30.2 33.6 35.0 34.9 36.1 37.5 2 (%) 28.7 29.8 30.2 32.1 33.4 33.9 3 (%) 17.7 17.1 16.7 15.8 14.7 14.0 4 (%) 14.6 13.2 12.8 12.4 11.5 10.8 5 (%) 8.8 6.3 5.3 4.7 4.4 3.9 : 1990.. : Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland, Time Series - Households by types of households. (2007). < 스웨덴사례 >, 1990 1 39.6% ( 7 ). 1960 1990, 1 20.2% 39.6%, 2 27.2% 31.1%, 3 21.9% 12.3% 4 17.% 11.8%. 1 1990, 2009 48.6%., 2 1 ( 8 ). 1 1, 1 1.
< 표 7> 가구원수에따른가구구성비율 : 스웨덴 (:, %) 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1 (%) 20.2 22.04 25.3 30.0 32.8 36.1 39.6 2 (%) 27.2 27.7 29.6 30.8 31.2 31.4 31.1 3 (%) 21.9 21.1 19.3 16.9 15.0 13.6 12.3 4 (%) 17.6 17.2 16.3 15.1 14.7 13.4 11.8 5 (%) 13.1 11.6 9.5 7.1 6.3 5.5 5.2 2,582 (100.0%) 2,778 (100.0%) 3,050 (100.0%) 3,325 (100.0%) 3,498 (100.0%) 3,670 (100.0%) 3,830 (100.0%) : Statistic Sweden, Number of Households in 1000s by Number of Members and Average Number of Members per Household, Census 60-Census 90; Population and Housing Census, 1960-1990(TPR). (2007). < 표 8> 성별 1 인가구의수와구성비율 : 스웨덴 (:, %) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 3,498 3,670 3,830 4,244 4,363 4,441 4,628 1 649 736 831 996 1,073 1,033 1,107 1 500 589 685 929 956 1,024 1,141 1 1,149 (32.8%) 1,325 (36.1%) 1,516 (39.6%) 1,925 (45.4%) 2,029 (46.5%) 2,057 (46.3%) 2,248 (48.6%) : Statistic Sweden, Number of Households by Household Type 1, Census 75-90. Population and Housing Census 1960-1990(TPR); Number of Households by Type of Household. (2007) Sweden Census 2009. 2. 유럽내가구유형의변화관련주요사항 20. (the postponement of the transition to parenthood),
(irreversible shift).,, : 1980 25, 30.., :,, 20%, (Polarization) 1 (de-institutionalization). ( 11 ). 25 45,, 25%, 25%.,.. (consistency)., OECD 33%,
[ 그림 11] 유럽국가들의성인 (25~45 세 ) 의가정형태 ( 실질적독신, 동거상 태, 혼인생활로구분 ) :,,. : Ostner and Schmitt(2008). 40% ( 12 ). ( 9 ). 14 23%, 25%. 100 55. (, 65%.)
[ 그림 12] 혼외출산율의증가 (1980 년과 2007 년기준 ) : 1), 1980. 2006, 2005. 2),,,,,, 2006 ; 2005 ; 1999. : Eurostat, Eurostat New Cronos Database, 2010; National Statistical Offices. < 표 9> OECD 각국의가구유형구조 (2000 년대초반 ) Couple families (, ) Single person households (1 ) Sole-parent families ( ) Sole-mother households () Sole-father households () Other private households () 58.7 26.5 5.8 87 13 9 52.9 33.5 9.7 85.3 14.7 3.9 52.3 31.6 12.1.... 4 52.1 22.7 6.5 80.9 19.1 18.7 57.4 26.8 15.7 80.1 19.9 0.1 53.6 30.3 12.9 84.3 15.7 3.2 73.2 16 5.7 87.9 12.1 5 (: %) 50.9 36.8 5.1 85.1 14.9 7.2 46.8 33.5 14.7 90.4 9.6 4.9 49.8 37.3 7.6 84.9 15.1 5.3
< 표 9> 의계속 Couple families (, ) Single person households (1 ) Sole-parent families ( ) Sole-mother households () Sole-father households () (: %) Other private households () 58.3 31 8 85.3 14.7 2.7 55.4 35.8 5.9 84.5 15.5 2.9 64.9 19.7 8.7 84 16 6.6 57 26.2 10.7 87.4 12.6 6.1 60.8 30.7 7.24 91.4 8.6.. 59.2 21.6 11.7 84.8 15.2 7.6 62.3 24.9 8.9 82.5 17.5 3.9 49.5 29.5 8.4 84.9 15.1 12.1 45.6 25 20.3 89.7 10.3 9.1 40.9 28.7 7.2 93.1 6.9 23.2 59.6 29.3 8.4 77.7 22.3 2.7 58.6 7.6 10.3 85.8 14.2 23.5 59.9 33.6 5.8 84.5 15.5 0.7 60.1 22.6 9.3.... 8.1 52.2 37.7 8.6 82 18 1.5 56.4 24.8 12.6 87.9 12.1 6.2 69.1 17.3 8.6 86.7 13.3 5 62.8 18.9 9.3 84.4 15.6 9 50.6 19.4 9.2 86.7 13.3 20.8 59 21.9 12.5 85.7 14.3 6.6 62.9 20.3 9.9 81.1 18.9 6.9 63.9........ 56.1 36 5.2 85.1 14.9 2.7 53.5 30.2 9.8 86.7 13.3 6.6 51.7 27.3 9.2 77.5 22.5 11.8 OECD 57.6 27.7 9.1 84.5 15.5 7.0 : 1999 ;,,,,,, 2000 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2001 ;,,,, 2002 ;,, 2005 ;,, 2006. : EU countries (except Iceland and Sweden): 2000 round of Population and Housing censuses; Iceland: Hagstofa Iceland's committee survey on living conditions except see note 4; Sweden: OECD (2005), Babies and Bosses, Vol. 4, Paris; Australia: ABS 2006 census; Canada: Census 2006, Statistics Canada; Bureau of statistic; Eurostat; Other countries: UNECE Statistical Division Database except: Japan: Population Census 2005; Korea: Population and Housing Census Report; Mexico: Conteo de Poblacion y Vivienda, 2005 (INEGI), II Population and Housing National Count 2005; United States, US Decennial Census of Population, except as referred to under note 6.
3. 유럽사례의정책적시사점. :,.,.,,,,.,,. *,,,.,,.,,,,.,.
., 1), 2), 3),.,.. 제 3 절일본의가구변화에따른정책조정 15 ( 13 ). 1, 2, 3, 1 2, 3 4 4 1980, 5 1985, 6~7 1960, 8 1950.. ~1960:,,,
[ 그림 13] 일본의가구구조변화 (: ) 8인이상 6~7인 5인 4인 3인 2인 1인 : (2005).,,. 3 1970 :,,,, 1990 :,,,.,
1. 1 인가구의증가현상과미혼율의증대 1 2005 29.5%, ( 10 ). 1 1970 20%, 20 20% 1980. 30 40 ( 14 ). 30 1970 7.5% 2000 26.7%,. 40, 1970 1980 6.6% 7.3%, 1990 2000 16.8% 30, 40. 1 ( 15 ) 30 1980, 1980 20% 30~34 2005 47.1% < 표 10> 1 인가구의수및비중 ( 일본 ) (:, %) 1960 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1 3,579 6,137 6,561 7,105 7,895 9,390 11,239 12,911 14,457 % 16.1 20.3 19.5 19.8 20.8 23.1 25.6 27.6 29.5 22,231 30,297 33,596 35,824 37,980 40,670 43,900 46,782 49,063 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 :. : database. (2007).
[ 그림 14] 연령대별혼자사는인구의비중 ( 일본 ) :, 2005(17). (2007)., 35~39 2005 30% 30,. 1980 10% 30~34 2005 32%, 35~39 2005 18.4%.,.,.,, ( ).
[ 그림 15] 일본의연령별미혼율추이 < 남성미혼율 > < 여성미혼율 > :,.
., 2. 고령 1 인및 2 인가구의증가 65 40%, 1 2 65 20% : 1 2,806 2,958(2010 ) 65 4,801 2,013 41.9% (2009 )., 1980 4.3%, 11.2%, 2009 9.7%, 19.0%., GDP 26.8%(2008 ), 69.5%., 2013 65,,
3. 일본사례의종합적인시사점. 1.,,..
제 3 장 1 2 인가구에관한심층분석및대응방향 제 1 절우리나라 1 2 인가구의증가요인 1, 70 19.2%, 53.5%, 30, 70 ( 11 ). ( 1 57.7% ), ( 1 45.7% ). 1, 20 40, 40 50,. 60 70 ( 12 ). 1, 20 30, 40 50,. 60 80 ( 13 ).
< 표 11> 성별 1 인가구의연령및혼인상태 (2005 년및 2010 년 ) 20 20~29 30~39 40~49 50~59 60~69 70 3,171 (100.0) 44 (1.4) 679 (21.4) 629 (19.9) 474 (15.0) 366 (11.5) 430 (13.6) 548 (17.3) 1,428 (45.0) 368 (11.6) 1,002 (31.6) 373 (11.8) : (2011. 7. 7). 2005 2010 1 (:, %) 1 1,418 (100.0) 23 (1.6) 362 (25.5) 410 (28.9) 269 (19.0) 164 (11.6) 106 (7.5) 83 (5.9) 855 (60.3) 236 (16.6) 148 (10.4) 180 (12.7) 1,753 (100.0) 22 (1.2) 317 (18.1) 219 (12.5) 205 (11.7) 202 (11.5) 324 (18.5) 464 (26.5) 573 (32.7) 132 (7.5) 854 (48.7) 193 (11.0) 4,142 (100.0) 49 (1.2) 763 (18.4) 791 (19.1) 628 (15.2) 591 (14.3) 527 (12.7) 793 (19.2) 1,843 (44.5) 534 (12.9) 1,208 (29.2) 556 (13.4) 1,924 (100.0) 24 (1.3) 408 (21.2) 509 (26.4) 381 (19.8) 294 (15.3) 167 (8.7) 141 (7.3) 1,110 (57.7) 338 (17.6) 195 (10.1) 281 (14.6) 2,218 (100.0) 24 (1.1) 355 (16.0) 282 (12.7) 247 (11.1) 297 (13.4) 360 (16.2) 652 (29.4) 733 (33.1) 196 (8.8) 1,013 (45.7) 275 (12.4)
< 표 12> 각혼인상태별남성 1 인가구현황 1 1,924,341 100.0% 1,110,081 100.0% 337,977 100.0% 195,283 100.0% 281,000 100.0% 20 24,321 1.3% 24,269 2.2% 41 0.0% 0 0.0% 11 0.0% 20~24 127,857 6.6% 127,271 11.5% 479 0.1% 25 0.0% 82 0.0% 25~29 280,516 14.6% 273,830 24.7% 5,711 1.7% 77 0.0% 898 0.3% 30~34 273,476 14.2% 248,164 22.4% 20,054 5.9% 281 0.1% 4,977 1.8% 35~39 235,030 12.2% 185,689 16.7% 31,545 9.3% 799 0.4% 16,997 6.0% 40~44 196,908 10.2% 115,397 10.4% 44,268 13.1% 1,999 1.0% 35,244 12.5% 45~49 184,340 9.6% 67,829 6.1% 57,030 16.9% 5,350 2.7% 54,131 19.3% 50~54 171,495 8.9% 37,735 3.4% 58,979 17.5% 11,975 6.1% 62,806 22.4% 55~59 122,009 6.3% 16,289 1.5% 42,220 12.5% 17,333 8.9% 46,167 16.4% 60~64 92,208 4.8% 7,325 0.7% 29,846 8.8% 25,104 12.9% 29,933 10.7% 65~69 74,973 3.9% 3,575 0.3% 21,481 6.4% 32,228 16.5% 17,689 6.3% 70~74 62,728 3.3% 1,724 0.2% 14,700 4.3% 37,980 19.4% 8,324 3.0% 75~79 42,589 2.2% 680 0.1% 7,419 2.2% 31,637 16.2% 2,853 1.0% 80~84 22,963 1.2% 214 0.0% 2,893 0.9% 19,171 9.8% 685 0.2% 85 :, 12,928 0.7% 90 0.0% 1,311 0.4% 11,324 5.8% 203 0.1%, 2010( KOSIS ). 1 2000 2010 1, 1) 2), 3) ( 14 ). 10 1 191.7 1 88.6 46.2%, 1 42.7
< 표 13> 각혼인상태별여성 1 인가구현황 1 2,217,824 100.0% 733,185 100.0% 196,051 100.0% 1,013,167 100.0% 275,421 100.0% 20 24,263 1.1% 24,222 3.3% 37 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 0.0% 20~24 144,369 6.5% 143,640 19.6% 524 0.3% 41 0.0% 164 0.1% 25~29 210,331 9.5% 202,456 27.6% 6,137 3.1% 141 0.0% 1,597 0.6% 30~34 153,271 6.9% 133,131 18.2% 12,393 6.3% 377 0.0% 7,370 2.7% 35~39 129,065 5.8% 91,027 12.4% 14,649 7.5% 1,050 0.1% 22,339 8.1% 40~44 116,513 5.3% 53,800 7.3% 19,631 10.0% 3,618 0.4% 39,464 14.3% 45~49 130,554 5.9% 32,308 4.4% 29,683 15.1% 13,597 1.3% 54,966 20.0% 50~54 151,714 6.8% 21,928 3.0% 34,140 17.4% 36,884 3.6% 58,762 21.3% 55~59 145,503 6.6% 12,837 1.8% 26,350 13.4% 66,551 6.6% 39,765 14.4% 60~64 162,057 7.3% 7,283 1.0% 18,985 9.7% 111,537 11.0% 24,252 8.8% 65~69 198,011 8.9% 4,567 0.6% 13,397 6.8% 165,451 16.3% 14,596 5.3% 70~74 237,371 10.7% 3,024 0.4% 9,918 5.1% 216,908 21.4% 7,521 2.7% 75~79 220,176 9.9% 1,811 0.2% 5,997 3.1% 209,071 20.6% 3,297 1.2% 80~84 133,408 6.0% 810 0.1% 2,868 1.5% 128,664 12.7% 1,066 0.4% 85 :, 61,218 2.8% 341 0.0% 1,342 0.7% 59,277 5.9% 258 0.1%, 2010( KOSIS ). 22.3%. 1 33.8, 17.6%. 1 1,, ( 14 ). 2000 2010 1,
< 표 14> 1인가구의혼인상태를이용한증가요인분석 (:, %) 1 2000(A) 2,224,433 956,926 266,936 781,267 218,717 2005(B) 3,170,675 1,427,754 368,039 1,002,001 372,881 2010(C) 4,142,165 1,843,266 534,028 1,208,450 556,421 10 (C A) 1,917,732 886,340 267,092 427,183 337,704 100.0% 46.2% 13.9% 22.3% 17.6% 1 2000(A) 944,996 576,115 168,107 105,527 94,907 2005(B) 1,417,893 854,633 235,943 147,681 179,636 2010(C) 1,924,341 1,110,081 337,977 195,283 281,000 10 (C A) 979,345 533,966 169,870 89,756 186,093 100.0% 54.5% 17.3% 9.2% 19.0% 1 2000(A) 1,279,437 380,811 98,829 675,740 123,810 2005(B) 1,752,782 573,121 132,096 854,320 193,245 2010(C) 2,217,824 733,185 196,051 1,013,167 275,421 10 (C A) 938,387 352,374 97,222 337,427 151,611 100.0% 37.6% 10.4% 36.0% 16.2% :,, 2010( KOSIS ). 1 (54.5%), 1 19.0% 1, 37.6%, 1 36.0%
[ 그림 16] 연도별 30 대인구미혼율추이 :,. 30, 1 ( 16 ). 2,,. 10 2 147.5 2 90.6 61.5%, 27.6 18.7%, 10.3 7.0% ( 15 ) 1 2 2 2. 1 2 50 60 30 40
< 표 15> 2 인가구의가족형태를이용한증가요인분석 2000(A) 2005(B) 2010(C) 10 (C-A) (:, %) 2 2,730,548 3,520,545 4,205,052 1,474,504 100.0% 1 2 1,932,987 2,470,893 2,919,856 986,869 66.9% 1,765,365 2,258,982 2,671,616 906,251 61.5% + 159,523 198,410 227,242 67,719 4.6% 8,099 13,501 20,998 12,899 0.9% 2 2 684,420 886,361 1,133,071 448,651 30.4% + 99,262 144,693 202,016 102,754 7.0% + 462,746 586,281 738,408 275,662 18.7% 122,412 155,387 192,647 70,235 4.8% 2 113,141 163,291 152,125 38,984 2.6% : 2010 +, +. :, ( KOSIS ). < 표 16> 2 인가구의가구주연령분포 10 20 30 40 50 60 12 1 2 0.35 10.24 14.44 9.75 18.87 46.35 100.0 2 2 0.12 4.49 15.32 29.29 24.85 25.92 100.0 :,, 2005(5% )., 2 2 40 50.
제 2 절우리나라 1 2 인가구의빈곤및취업현황 < 가구집단내의소득불평등도 > (2006, 2008, 2010 ), 1 2 0.469 0.377 ( 17 ). 1, 2006 0.423 2010 0.469 1,, < 표 17> 가구원수별지니계수 2006 2008 2010 1 0.423 0.429 0.469 2 0.375 0.385 0.377 3 0.298 0.299 0.284 4 0.255 0.265 0.253 0.297 0.305 0.298 :. :,. < 빈곤상황분석 >.
< 표 18> 가구원수별상대빈곤 ( 중위소득 50% 기준 ) (: %) 2006 2008 2010 2006 2008 2010 1 40.6 41.4 45.5 16.6 21.2 23.6 2 26.3 28.0 28.2 30.3 28.6 31.3 3 10.8 11.4 10.6 19.5 18.1 17.4 4 7.2 7.3 6.6 21.3 21.1 18.9 5 10.6 13.6 13.1 12.4 11.0 8.8 13.4 14.2 13.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 :. :,., 1 50%. 1 50%,. ( 50% ), 1 2 ( 18 ). 1 2006 40.6% 2010 45.5%, 2 2006 26.3% 2010 28.2%, 1 2 ( 18 )., 46.9%(2006 ) 53.9%(2010 ) 1 2. 1 2 60
< 표 19> 가구주연령대별상대빈곤 ( 중위값 50% 기준 ) 1) 상대빈곤율 (: %) 2006 2008 2010 1 2 1 2 1 2 20 20.2 4.8 12.8 15.0 8.5 10.9 20.5 19.1 14.4 30 12.2 8.2 8.9 13.5 8.0 7.0 16.4 9.1 7.8 40 19.9 17.5 7.7 16.8 17.9 9.0 19.6 22.2 7.7 50 32.1 16.3 10.5 32.9 17.6 11.4 32.3 14.6 9.6 60 65.9 46.4 39.1 65.7 45.8 39.9 71.0 44.1 40.0 40.6 26.3 13.4 41.4 28.0 14.2 45.5 28.2 13.8 2) 빈곤인구분포 2006 2008 2010 1 2 1 2 1 2 10 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 20 6.4 1.3 3.3 4.1 2.0 2.6 4.5 3.1 3.0 30 4.0 4.5 17.6 4.1 3.5 12.0 4.2 3.9 13.1 40 7.1 9.7 20.6 5.0 10.5 22.7 5.8 12.2 19.6 50 13.0 15.1 15.5 13.7 13.6 16.3 13.1 12.4 14.9 60 69.3 68.8 42.8 72.7 69.8 46.2 72.0 68.2 49.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 :. :,.. 2010, 1 72.0% 60, 2 68.2% 60 ( 19 ). 1 30 60
< 표 20> 가구주가 40 대인 2 인가구의세대별상대빈곤율 2006 2010 1 2 7.73 12.98 2 2 24.49 27.4 :. :,. (: %), 2 40 ( 63.8%, 2010 ) ( 19 ) 2006 2010 30 1 12.2% 16.4%, 60 1 65.9% 71.0% 2 20 4.8% 19.1%, 30 8.2% 9.1%, 40 17.5% 22.2% 2 40 (22.2%, 2010 ), 1 2. 1 2 12.98%(2010 ), 2 2 27.4%(2010 ) ( 20 ). 2010 40 2 1 36.2%, 2 63.8%. 1 2 2 2, 1 7.73%(2006 ) 12.98%(2010 ), 2 24.49%(2006 ) 27.4%(2010 ).
< 취업상태 > (2005 ) 5%,. (2005 ) 15 50%,. 15 3,740.5 1,927.7 51.5% ( (2005 ) 10%, KOSIS ). 10 20, 60., 1 2, 4 ( 21 ). 1 2 46.02% 36.94%, 4 12.14%. < 표 21> 가구원수별가구주취업여부 ( 인구센서스 2005) 1 53.98 46.02 2 63.06 36.94 3 76.43 23.57 4 87.86 12.14 5 84.74 15.26 6 76.52 23.48 72.64 27.36 :,, 2005(5% ).
< 표 22> 1인가구의연령대별취업비중 10 14.61 85.39 100.0 20 61.21 38.79 100.0 30 79.44 20.56 100.0 40 70.32 29.68 100.0 50 57.28 42.72 100.0 60 26.29 73.71 100.0 53.98 46.02 100 :,, 2005(5% ). 1, 50 ( 22 ). 50 42.72%, 60 73.71%., 30 40 20.56% 29.68%. 2, 60 40 50. 40 23.75%, 50 28.29% ( 23 ). 60 2 () 57.52%. 2 2 2 ( ) 1 2 ( ), 2 2 45.81% 1 2 33.73% 12%p ( 24 )..
< 표 23> 2인가구의가구주연령대별가구주의취업비중 10 18.76 81.24 100.0 20 78.68 21.32 100.0 30 86.5 13.5 100.0 40 76.25 23.75 100.0 50 71.71 28.29 100.0 60 42.48 57.52 100.0 63.06 36.94 100.0 :,, 2005(5% ). < 표 24> 2인가구의세대별가구주의취업비중 1 66.27 33.73 100.0 2 54.19 45.81 100.0 63.06 36.94 100 :,, 2005(5% ). 제 3 절정책대상의선별및대응방향 1 ( 414.2 ) 2 ( 420.5 ) < 25>.. 1 1 2 1 2
1 2 < 표 25> 1 2 인가구의증가추세에대한정부의대응방향 30 40/50 60 30 40/50 60 (2010 ),.. 65.8 / 1 15.9%, 39.1 / 1 9.4%,,.. 132.1 / 1 31.9% / 34.7 / 2 8.3%,.. 60 (3 102.3 )/ 2 14%,. (Care) 141.0 / 2 33.5% 1. 2. 3. 1. ( - 6 ). 2. 1.. 2. 3. 1. 2. / 1. 2. (5 ) 1. 2. 3.
제 4 장적극적가구정책을통한 1 인가구증가억제 1,,. OECD 2000 OECD 29.6 ( 30.9, 28.4 ), (2005 ) 29.3 ( 30.9, 27.7 ) ( 26 17 )., OECD,. OECD : OECD 27.7 (2004 ), 27.5 ( 27 ),
< 표 26> 주요 OECD 국가들의여성초혼연령 (: ) 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 21.9 24.3 26 27.3 28.2 28.9 22.3 24.5 25.8 26.3 27.7 28.5 24.8 27.6 29.3 30.1 31.4 32.4-26.5 27.6 28.6 29.6 30.2 23 25.6 26.9 28 29.1 29.6 23.4 25.9 27.3 28.4 29.6 30 22.3 23.8 25.3 26.8 28.1 28.9 21.8 22 22.7 24.7 26.9 27.9 24.9 27.9 29.1 29.8 30.8 31.1 26.4 27.6 29 30.6 32 32.5 25 26.7 27.3 27.9 28.7 29.1 22 23.9 24.5 25.1 25.3 25.9-24.8 25.3 26.5 27.7 28.3 : (50 ). : UNECE Statistical Division Database, compiled from national and international (UNICEF TransMONEE and Eurostat) official sources [ 그림 17] OECD 내주요국의초혼연령 (2000 년대중반 ) : 2007, 2006, 2003, 2002, 2008. : Eurostat(2010); National Statistical Offices; OECD Family Database.
< 표 27> OECD 주요국여성들의초산및초혼연령, 혼외출산율 Total fertility rate ( ) Mean age of women at first birth ( ) Mean age of women at first marriage ( ) Births out-of-wedlock () 1970 2005* 1970 2004 1980 2004 1980 2004 2.89 1.81 23.2...... 12.4 32.2 2.29 1.41.. 27 23.2 27.9 17.8 35.9 2.25 1.72 24.3 22.2 27.1 4.1 31 2.33 1.53 23.1 26.3...... 27.6 1.90 1.28 22.5 26.3 21.5 26.0 5.6 30.6 1.95 1.80 23.8 28.4 24.6 30.4 33.2 45.4 1.83 1.80 24.4 27.8 24.3 29.0 13.1 40.8 2.47 1.94 24.4 28.4 23.0 28.5 11.4 46.4 2.03 1.34 24 29 22.9 28.4 11.9 27.9 2.40 1.28.. 28 23.3 27.5 1.5 4.9 1.98 1.32 22.8 26.3 21.2 26.2 7.1 34 2.83 2.05 21.3 26.2 23.7 30.9 39.7 63.7 3.87 1.88.. 28.5 24.6 28.2 5 32.3 2.43 1.34 25.. 23.8 28.0 4.3 14.9 2.13 1.26 25.6 28.9 25.2 27.8 0.8 2.. 1.08 28.2 28.9 23.2 27.5.. 1.3 1.97 1.70.24.7 28.6 23.0 28.1 6 25.8 6.82 2.20............ 2.57 1.73 24.8 28.9 23.2 28.7 4.1 32.5 3.28 2.00 23.4 28... 28.8 21.5 44.8 2.50 1.84.. 27.6 23.5 29.1 14.5 51.4 2.26 1.24 22.8 25.6 22.7 24.9 4.8 17.1 3.01 1.40.. 27.1 23.2 26.3 9.2 29.1 2.41 1.25 22.6 25.3 21.9 25.0 5.7 24.8 2.88 1.34.. 29.2 23.4 28.6 3.9 23.4 1.92 1.77 25.9 28.6 26.0 30.7 39.7 55.4 2.10 1.42 25.3 29.3 25.0 28.6 4.7 13.3 5.68 2.19.... 20.7 22.6 2.9.. 2.43 1.80.. 29.5 23.0 28.1 11.5 42.3 2.48 2.05 24.1 25.1 23.3 25.1 18.4 35.7 OECD 2.70 1.63 24.2 27.5 23.3 27.7 11.2 30.9 : D'Addio and Mira d'ercole, Trends and Determinants of Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: The Role of Policies, 2005; OECD, Society at a Glance, 2007 (www.oecd.org/els/social/indicators).
[ 그림 18] OECD 내주요국의혼외출산율과합계출산율의상관관계 (2008 년기준 ) : 1) AUS=Australia, AUT=Austria, BEL=Belgium, CAN=Canada, CHE=Switzerland, CZE=Czech Rep. DEU=Germany, ESP=Spain, EST=Estonia, FIN=Finland, FRA= France, GBR=United Kingdom, GRC=Greece, HUN=Hungary, IRL=Ireland, ITA= Italy, ISL=Iceland, JPN=Japan, KOR=Korea, LUX=Luxembourg, MEX=Mexico, NLD=Netherlands, NOR=Norway, NZL=New Zealand, POL=Poland, PRT= Portugal, SVK=Slovakia, SVN=Slovenia, SWE=Sweden, USA=United States. 2) 2008,,,,,,, 2007, 2006, 2005. : OECD, OECD Family Database, SF2.4, 2010.., OECD. OECD, 1980 11.2% 30.9% ( 27 ).,
( 18 ). OECD 30,. 제 1 절한국을비롯한아시아국가들의미혼율증대,. 30 1980 3.3% 2010 29.2%, 10 ( 28 ).,., ( 26 ), ( ), < 표 28> 연도별 30 대인구미혼율추이 (: %) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 3.3 4.7 6.8 9.1 13.4 21.6 29.2 4.7 6.4 9.5 13.1 19.2 29.8 37.9 1.9 3.0 4.1 5.0 7.5 13.3 20.4 : (2011. 7. 7).
[ 그림 19] 35~39 세여성들의미혼율 (1970~2005 년 ) : Jones(2010).,. World Factbook(2011), 222. 1.23 (217 ), 1.21 (218 ), 1.15 (219 ), 1.11 (220 ), 1.07 (221 ), 0.92 (222 ). 30 (35~39 ),,,, 2005 15% 20%. 7.5% 2010 12.6% ( 19 ).,,
,. :.,.,,. 제 2 절한국여성들의만혼화와혼인기피현상 20 30 10. [ 20], 2000 25~29 78% 53%, 2009 ( 69%, 66%)., 20,.,, 25~29 70% 30~34 50% ( 21 ).,
[ 그림 20] 성별 연령별고용률추이 :,,. 2015. [ 그림 21] 연령별여성의경제활동참가율 :,,. 2015. M- ((M-Shaped Employment Pattern)., 30
[ 그림 22] 초혼연령추이 :,, 2009. 2015. 1990 24.8, 2000 26.5, 2005 27.7, 2009 28.7 ( 22 ). 30, 1980 1.9% 2000 7.5%, 10 2010 20.4%, ( 16 ).,., 12.5%, (13.2%) ( 30 ), 78.6%, 83.6% ( 29 ).
< 표 29> 만혼및비혼증가현상에대한미혼남녀의응답 (: %) / : 20~44 1,730 1,580. : (2009). 91.3 8.7 90.3 9.6 85.2 14.8 86.1 13.9 79.0 21.0 83.2 16.9 62.3 37.7 71.5 28.5 69.6 30.3 75.2 24.8 74.8 25.1 77.6 22.4 63.3 36.7 68.5 31.6 72.3 27.7 79.6 20.5 85.2 14.7 84.9 15.1 78.6 21.4 83.6 16.4.,,,.
< 표 30> 미혼남녀 (25~44 세 ) 의결혼하지않은이유 (1순위응답비중 ) (: %, ) ( ) 25~29 8.2 17.0 7.1 11.3 7.3 18.2 3.5 1.8 13.8 3.2 2.7 5.8 100.0 (435) 30~34 15.5 19.5 7.9 8.7 7.9 12.7 5.2 0.8 7.9 1.9 3.2 8.7 100.0 (252) 35~44 12.8 14.1 5.8 4.5 9.6 23.1 3.8 0.7 5.8 1.3 9.0 9.6 100.0 (156) 11.3 17.2 7.1 9.3 7.9 17.4 4.0 1.3 10.6 2.5 4.0 7.4 100.0 (843) ( ) 25~29 9.7 8.5 5.5 13.7 8.3 8.2 9.5 3.7 14.6 5.3 6.5 6.5 100.0 (432) 30~34 14.9 9.0 5.2 9.0 5.2 4.4 6.8 4.4 9.0 7.5 17.1 7.5 100.0 (134) 35~44 28.3 12.9 0.0 4.8 5.9 7.0 4.8 5.9 7.0 10.6 8.3 4.8 100.0 (85) 13.2 9.2 4.7 11.5 7.3 7.2 8.3 4.1 12.5 6.4 8.9 6.5 100.0 (651) : ( ) / ( ) / (, ) (, ) / / / ( ) ( ) / ( ) ( ) / / ( ) / / / / / : (2009)..,.
제 3 절적극적가구정책으로서의혼인장벽해소,,,.,,, 25~29 70% 30~34 50%,.,,, 1,,,,
[ 그림 23] 국가별출산 양육관련휴가정책지출수준 (2007 년 ) (: GDP, %) : OECD Social Expenditure Database. GDP 0.07% OECD ( 23 ), 3, *,, 33.9% 33.0% ( 31 ).,, 60., 480 (16) 60..
< 표 31> 낮시간동안의주된양육자 : 영 유아대상 (: %) 1.2 68.4 6.7 6.3 1.7 1.3 14.3 0.1 2.0 22.9 16.1 17.8 4.3 3.7 33.0 0.2 0.7 94.7 0.4 0.4 - - 3.8-150 ~ 199 250 ~ 299 500 ~ 599 1.8 79.5 3.0 4.5 0.9-10.3-1.5 73.7 6.2 4.1 0.9 0.7 12.9 - - 49.0 16.8 14.4 1.5 2.5 15.3 0.5 :,,. :, 2009, 2010.,,, 17.4%, 17.2% ( 30 ), 90% ( 29 ). 85.2%
84.9%..,,, 7.1% 9.3%, 4.7% 11.5%, 10.,. 85.2%, 86.1% ( 29 ),., ( ),, 3,600TWD( 15
) 2., ( 10,000SGD( 900) ) 30,000SGD( 2,700), 35 ( 5,000SGD ) 15,000SGD. 40 : 80%, 60%,,, (2011 10 ), 2008, 43,996 17,187 39%., ( )., (5 ),
< 표 32> 각종결혼정책에대한미혼남녀 (20~44 세 ) 의선호도 (1,289 ) (1,171 ) 8.3 11.0 7.9 5.0 11.6 13.7 45.2 41.0 3.5 3.2 23.4 25.6 0.2 0.4 100.0 100.0 (: %) : 1,733 1,580 1,289 (76.3%) 1,171 (76.3%). : (2009).. 3,000 ( 2,000 ), 3,500 ( 3,000 ).,, 45.2% 41.0% ( 32 ).
23.4% 25.6% ( 32 ) * 1972 1987 5,300USD( 600).,,,.,,,.,,. * (PACS),
,
제 5 장 1 2 인취약계층에대한사회복지정책의확충, 1 2, 1 2,., 제 1 절한부모가정에대한추가지원 9.2% ( 2010 ),
< 표 33> 한부모가구의증가현황 2010 2005 2000 1995 17,339,422 15,887,128 14,311,807 12,958,181 + 347,448 2.0% 286,923 1.8% 219,997 1.5% 172,398 1.3% + 1,246,690 7.2% 1,083,020 6.8% 903,857 6.3% 787,574 6.1% 1,594,138 9.2% 1,369,943 8.6% 1,123,854 7.9% 959,972 7.4% :,, ( KOSIS). ( 33 ), 1995 7.4% 9.2%, (7.2%). 9.2% ( ), 2000 OECD 9.1% ( 9 ). OECD, 2 ( 34 ), 23.1%( ) 19.7%( ), 10.3%.,,.,,
< 표 34> OECD 각국의부모유형에따른아동빈곤율분포 (0~17 ) 11.8 67.8 6.1 50.8 7.9 1.0 6.2 51.3 10.5 36.3 4.5 2.9 10.0 43.2 10.1 36.1 10.6 2.5 14.8 90.5 29.6 79.4 28.7 4.1 20.5 87.2 37.6 32.8 27.2 5.8 10.3 71.4 10.3 43.2 9.5 0.7 3.7 33.9 5.1 29.2 7.8 0.6 12.4 94.5 29.2 75.4 16.3 3.1 4.2 46.3 5.6 23.4 8.9 1.1 8.0 35.8 14.6 18.1 8.7 3.0 8.3 46.2 11.6 23.2 3.7 0.6 13.2 83.6 17.6 39.2 22.1 4.0 7.2 30.8 21.3 9.6 6.5 3.1 8.3 22.9 17.1 51.0 28.8 4.1 16.3 74.9 24.0 55.4 15.7 1.9 26.6 81.1 29.6 86.4 37.5 3.6 15.3 87.6 22.8 79.3 22.5 2.7 14.2 52.5 54.6 37.8 11.0 9.5 10.3 23.1 19.7 37.5 9.5 5.3 12.4 69.0 38.3 27.4 15.8 5.3 25.8 48.2 31.6 68.7 34.7 11.2 9.6 56.8 23.2 63.1 14.6 1.8 5.5 42.5 5.9 45.4 7.3 0.2 12.2 75.7 14.0 68.6 9.3 1.0 21.5 74.9 25.6 51.2 28.4 5.7 16.6 90.2 26.2 53.2 34.3 4.8 17.3 78.0 32.2 70.6 23.2 5.1 10.9 65.9 23.9 66.0 18.2 1.8 7.8 72.8 19.6 76.6 22.0 2.1 7.0 54.5 11.0 46.0 18.5 1.4 9.4 21.6 7.6 24.6 43.6 31.9 28.1 18.9 20.2 10.1 39.1 6.7 35.8 9.0 1.0 21.6 91.5 35.8 84.1 30.6 6.6 OECD 34 12.7 61.4 21.3 49.4 17.3 3.9 : (egnivalised income) 50%.,,,,,,,,, 2008 ;,, 2007 ;,,, 2006 ;,,, 2005 ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 2004. : Provisional data from OECD(2010e), Income Distribution Questionnaires.
,,, 2 2 54.19%... 1, 2 (1)., 130%,, 12 5. ( 13% ) : ( ). ( ),. OECD.
제 2 절독거노인등빈곤노인가구에대한지원확충, ( 35 24 ). 1 60 31.9%, 132 ( 2010 )., 60 70% 26.29%., 65 20% ( 25 ), (65 ) 2010 102 2020 151, 2030 234 < 표 35> OECD 국가의고령화속도 7% ( ) 14% () 20% ( ) (: ) 7% 14% 14% 20% 2000 2018 2026 18 8 1970 1994 2006 24 12 1864 1979 2018 115 39 1927 1988 2006 61 18 1942 2015 2036 73 21 1887 1972 2014 85 42 :, 2010, 2010.
[ 그림 24] 각연도별과거인구구성및미래전망 :. 2015. [ 그림 25] 각연령대별혼자거주하는비율 (2010 년도 ) :. OECD,. 1, 50 4,344 (2010 )
,., 70%, ( 9 )..,,,, 65 (,,, ) 160 30%, 65 30%.,,,.,.
제 6 장 3 4 인가구중심의기존제도및정책재조정 1 2,. 제 1 절주택정책의조정 1 2, 1 2, 1 2 ( ) 1 2, ( )., * 2007 1 2 2010 743 835,
., 1 2, 65, 1,, 1 (, ) (,, ) (Co-Housing). 1, ( 29, 30 )., (),
( ).,, ( ). 1, 1 1. 35, 1 제 2 절최저생계비재설계, (Market Basket) 4, OECD 60% 1 19.3% 2, 4 6.0% (2007 )., 1 14% 4 3% ( 36 ) OECD, 1 2
< 표 36> 가구규모별기초생활보장수급가구비율변화 (: %) 1 2 3 4 5 2005 13.79 5.95 5.08 2.42 5.40 2006 15.07 7.79 5.09 3.08 6.21 2007 15.55 8.21 6.04 3.16 6.29 2008 15.43 7.45 5.63 3.02 6.05 2009 13.45 6.88 6.21 2.83 6.47 :,,.,.,., 1,.,, 1) 2) (,, ),,.
제 3 절소득공제제도에대한검토 1 2. 40%, 3 1. 30 50 1,,, 3 4, 1 2,. 제 4 절사회보험수급자격에대한검토,, 4 ( 1 ).,,
제 5 절각종통계의재정비및구축,.,. 1,.. ( 35 24 ),, ( ),, ( ),,,,
1,,,
제 7 장종합의견및집중사안 1 2 1990, 4 1 1,,. 2, 1, 2., 1 2 45.5% 28.2%, 1 2 ( 2010 ). 1 50 60 32.3% 71.0%, 2 40 60 22.2% 44.1% 1 30 60, 2 40
, 27.36% 1 2 46.02% 36.94%, 1 50 60 57.28% 26.29%, 2 50 60 71.71% 42.48%. 1 2 1 2 3 3. 1 2,.,. 1 2,
, ( ),., 1 2,, 1 2 1 2,, 1.
.,,.
참고문헌, 1,, 2007.,, 2001-02,, 2001.,, 2004-13,, 2004.,, 2006-22-1,, 2006.,,,, 2009., 1, 2007-10,, 2007.,, 2010-18,, 2010.,,, 2009., 2 (2011-2015): 2015, 2011., 1,, 2008.,, 2003 240-21,, 2003.,,,, 2008. 7., 2009, 2009-83,, 2009., : OECD,,, 2010. 8., 2010,, 2011.
, 2010, 2010.,,.,,.,, 14, 2003. Laurent Caussat,,,, 2006. 10. Matthew Gray,,,, 2006. 10. ( ), (), 1970-2007,, 2008.,,,,.,,, 2005.,,, 2005.,, 18 2.,,, 43, 2008.,,, 2009.,,, 14, 2005.,, 2010.,, 2004~2010.,, 2010., 22, 2011. Hantrais, Linda, Socio-demographic Change, Policy Impacts and Outcomes in Social Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, 1999. 9, p.291. Hantrais, Linda, Family Policy Matters: Responding to Family Change in Europe, The Policy Press, 2004. Hantrais, Linda, Dimiter Philipov and Francesco C. Billari, Policy Implications of Changing Family Formation: Study Prepared for the European Population Conference 2005, Council of Europe Publishing, 2006. Höhn, Charlotte, Dragana Avramov, and Irena E. Kotowska, People, Population
Change and Policies, Lessons from the Population Policy Acceptance Study Vol. 2: Demographic Knowledge; Gender; Ageing, 2008. Irwin, Sarah, Patterns of Change in Family and Household Structure and Resourcing: An Overview, Workshop Paper, 2000. Jones, Gavin W., Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia, Population and Development Review, 33(3), 2007, pp.453~478. Jones, Gavin W., Changing Marriage Patterns in Asia, Asia Research Institute, Working Paper Series, No. 131, 2010. Kaufmann, Franz-Xaver, Family Life and Family Policies in Europe: Problems and Issues in Comparative Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2002. Mätzke, Margitta and Ilona Ostner, Introduction: Change and Continuity in Recent Family Policies, Journal of European Social Policy, 2010 20: 387. OECD, Babies and Bosses: Reconciling Work and Family Life, 2007. OECD, Facing the Future: Korea's Family, Pension and Health Policy Challenges, 2007 OECD, Doing better for Families, 2011. Ostner, Ilona and Christoph Schmitt, Introduction, in Ilona Ostner, and Christoph Schmitt (eds.), Family Policies in the Context of Family Change, VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften, 2008.