<31332D32342D DC1F5B7CA2DC0CCBFB5C1D82CC0CCBDC3C8C65FC0FAC0DAB1B3C1A4B9DDBFB528C4AEB6F E687770>

Similar documents
<31342EC1A4C0E7B1D42E687770>

歯간학회지6-2.PDF

김범수

( )Kju269.hwp

이기준.hwp

388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

<313020BFF8C0FA C0CCC0B1B3AA2DB1E8BFB5BCAE2E687770>

<313720C1F5B7CA C1A4C7FCC3B62E687770>

<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>

untitled

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

PowerPoint Presentation

歯채민병.PDF

<30352EB0A3BAB4B8AE2E687770>

Jkbcs042.hwp

A 617

(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp

Lumbar spine

Kbcs002.hwp

Kaes017.hwp

<30362EC7CFC0AFC1A42E687770>

Kaes010.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp

노영남

05.Kaes001.hwp

May 10~ Hotel Inter-Burgo Exco, Daegu Plenary lectures From metabolic syndrome to diabetes Meta-inflammation responsible for the progression fr

°íµî1´Ü¿ø

7.ƯÁýb71ÎÀ¯È« š

Kaes025.hwp

<3230B1C733C8A32DB8F1C2F72E687770>

ÀÇÇа�ÁÂc00Ì»óÀÏ˘

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

6.Kaes013( ).hwp

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

012임수진


Jkafm093.hwp

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

본발표와관련된이해관계 없음 대한당뇨병학회학술위원회

Microsoft PowerPoint - Young Seok Kim.pptx

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>

The Window of Multiple Sclerosis

untitled

005송영일

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

120304강신용

영남의대학술지제 2 7 권제2 호 Yeungnam Univ.J.ofMed. Vol.27No.2p ,Dec.2010 증례 단일기관에서경험한원발성갑상선림프종 3 예 이승준 김지연 박정규 김성우 김지헌 김태원 하근진 손호상 정의달 원규장 * 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학

간질환 환자에서의 수술 위험도 평가 및 흔히 접하는 타과 협진 의뢰

<313120C1F5B7CA D B1E8C1F6C0BA2DB1C7BFB5C1D62E687770>

<30395F32332D DC1F5B7CA2DBFF8C8F1B0FC28B1E8B5CEB8B8BCF6C1A4292E687770>

untitled

<30362EC1F5B7CA D BCD5C8A3BFB52E687770>

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 28. No ~ 뇌사환자에서호르몬보충요법후장기생존보고 1 예 : 증례보고 강혜란 1, 신윤미 1, 이성현 2,3 * 책임저자 : 신윤미, 충북대학교병원호흡기내과, 충북청주시서원구 1 순환로 7

Microsoft PowerPoint - Labs and Lupus Bev2 24

Kjhps016( ).hwp

<313320C1F5B7CA D B9DAC7D8BFAD2DB1E8C0AFB8AE292E687770>

12이문규

서론 34 2

2018- PG Course편집.hwp

Jkss hwp

γ

내시경 conference

untitled


<31322EC8B2C1BEBFEE2E687770>

untitled

KOL Slidekit (Sep 2005)

Janeway's Immunology

낙랑군

( )Jkstro011.hwp

<30345F D D FBFF8C0FA5FC7E3C1A4C0BA2CBCAEC1F6C7FD2DB0A3C7E0C0A7BFF8BCF6C1A45FC0FAC0DAB1B3C1A4B9DDBFB52E485750>

16(2)-7(p ).fm


hwp

< D B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A E687770>

편집순서 3 : 목차 - 2 -

<C0D3BBF3B0C7B0ADC1F5C1F8C7D0C8B C3DFB0E8C7D0BCFAB4EBC8B82DBFACBCF6B0ADC1C22E687770>

석사논문.PDF

untitled


e01.PDF

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

<313020BFF8C0FA C0D3C0E7C8F12E687770>

DIABETES FACT SHEET IN KOREA 2012 SUMMARY About 3.2 million Korean people (10.1%) aged over 30 years or older had diabetes in Based on fasting g

13_이찬희 외_ 수정 완료.hwp

<31322EB1E8C1A4C0CF2E687770>

72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame

( )kjh060.hwp

대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 23 권제 6 호 2003 Korean J Lab Med 2003; 23: 진단면역학 HEp-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질염색의의의 백현문 남정현 송정수 1 박원 1 문연숙 김진주 인하대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실, 내과학교실

( )Kjhps043.hwp

Kosin Medical Journal 2014;29: K MJ Case Report A Case of Reactivation of Hepatitis B and Fulminant

연하곤란

김범수

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16

Transcription:

대한내분비학회지 : 제 24권제 4 호 2009 증 례 10.3803/jkes.2009.24.4.287 하시모토갑상선염환자에서간생검으로진단된자가면역성간염 1 예 가천의과학대학교의학전문대학원내과학교실 이영준 성지윤 김세현 이현승 김연수 이시훈 박이병 A Case of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Accompanied by Autoimmune Hepatitis Diagnosed with Liver Biopsy Young Jun Lee, Ji Yoon Sung, Sei Hyun Kim, Hyon Seung Yi, Yun Soo Kim, Sihoon Lee, Ie Byung Park Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science ABSTRACT Autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are common organ-specific autoimmune disorders that often occur in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a relatively rare disease of unknown etiology. In this condition, progressive destruction of the liver parenchyma occurs. Without proper treatment with immunosuppressive agents, such as prednisone and azathioprine, this condition leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. Timely detection and appropriate treatment of the AIH is prerequisite for the long-term survival of affected patients. We report here a case of HT accompanied by AIH confirmed by liver biopsy. On the basis of this case report, we suggest that, a sustained elevation of aminotransferases refractory to thyroid dysfunction correction should result in a liver biopsy to differentiate AIH from other forms of liver dysfunction or secondary to thyroid disorders. Treatment should commence promptly. (J Korean Endocr Soc 24:287~292, 2009) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ Key Words: autoimmune hepatitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, liver biopsy 서론 1) 하시모토갑상선염을비롯한자가면역성갑상선질환은기관특이적인자가면역질환으로유전적요인과환경적요인이발병에중요한역할을담당할것으로생각된다 [1,2]. 자가면역성갑상선질환에이환된환자는다른자가면역성질환이동반되어발병할가능성이높은것으로알려져있는데, 자가면역성간염도그중하나이다 [3]. 그러나, 하시모토갑상선염환자에서자가면역성간염이동반되어발생하는기전과유병률에대해서는충분한연구가부족한상태이다 [1]. 자가면역성간염은 60여년전 Waldenström에의해처음보고된질환으로, 바이러스감염이나약물에의한간손상의증거가없고, 고감마글로불린혈증, 자가항체출현을보이며접수일자 : 2009년 8월 7일통과일자 : 2009년 10월 14일책임저자 : 이시훈, 가천의과학대학교의학전문대학원내과학교실 간조직내의림프구의침윤으로만성간염및간경변을유발하는질환이다 [4]. 간세포에대한숙주면역체계의면역관용 (self tolerance) 의기전이상실되어자신의간세포를외부에서들어온항원으로판단하여면역세포에의하여간세포가파괴되어발생하는것으로생각되고있다 [5]. 간세포에발현되는항원과비슷한외부항원의자극에의하여세포면역체계의혼란이발생되고림프구가과다하게생성되어간세포를파괴함으로써발병되며여기에유전적인소인이함께작용할것으로생각되고있다 [6]. 자가면역성간염은진단당시이미간경변증으로진행되어있거나장기간치료해도재발이많고간경변증으로잘진행하는질환이지만, 조기발견시적절한치료를통해장기생존율을향상시킬수있기때문에조기에진단하는것이매우중요하다 [7]. 저자들은하시모토갑상선염으로진단받은 46세여자에서간생검을통해자가면역성간염을진단하고성공적으로치료한 1 예를경험하였기에문헌고찰과함께보고하는바이다. - 287 -

대한내분비학회지 : 제 24 권제 4 호 2009 증례환자 : 박 O 자, 46세여자주소 : 2개월동안지속된식욕부진및극심한피로감현병력 : 1년전, 건강검진에서우연히혈청갑상선자극호르몬의상승이발견되어시행한갑상선기능검사와자가항체검사에서하시모토갑상선염에의한갑상선기능저하증으로진단받고 Levothyroxine (Synthyroid R ) 0.15 mg/day를복용하고있던중 2개월전부터극심한피로감과식욕부진을호소하며내원하였다. 가족력 : 자가면역성갑상선질환을포함한자가면역질환의가족력은없었다. 진찰소견 : 신장 164 cm, 체중은 66.4 kg였고, 혈압은 118/69 mmhg, 맥박 65회 / 분, 체온은 36.6 였다. 급성병색을보였고, 결막은창백하지않았다. 전경부의갑상선은단단하였으나특별히촉지되는종물은없었다. 정맥의울혈이나림프절비대소견은없었고, 흉부의진찰소견은정상이었으며, 복부에간비대, 비장비대의소견은없었고, 종물은촉지되지않았다. 하지의함몰부종은없었고기타신경학적이상소견은관찰되지않았다. 검사소견 : 말초혈액검사에서혈색소 13.9 g/dl, 헤마토크릿 41.7%, 백혈구 5,660/mm 3, 혈소판 309,000/mm 3 였고, 혈청생화학검사에서혈액요소질소 16.7 mg/dl, 크레아티닌 0.8 mg/dl, 아스파르트산아미노전이효소 769 IU/L (0~40 IU/L), 알라닌아미노전이효소 302 IU/L (5~40 IU/L), 감마- 글루타밀전달효소 218 IU/L (0~45 IU/L), 알칼리인산분해효소 118 IU/L (35~123 IU/L), 총단백 7.3 g/dl, 알부민 4.3 g/dl, 총빌리루빈 1.6 mg/dl (0.2~1.2 mg/dl), 감마글로불린 G 1,299 mg/dl (680~1,620 mg/dl), 감마글로불린 A 159 mg/dl (84~438 mg/dl), 감마글로불린 M 131 mg/dl (57~288 mg/dl) 이었으며, 혈청전해질검사에서나트륨, 칼륨, 염소가각각 148 meq/l, 3.9 meq/l, 106 meq/l였고, 칼슘 8.2 mg/dl, 인 3.9 mg/dl였다. 소변검사는이상소견이없었다. 갑상선기능검사소견 : 혈청갑상선자극호르몬 0.19 miciu/ml (0.17~4.05 miciu/ml), 유리 T4 1.62 ng/dl (0.89~1.78 ng/dl), 총 T3 190.13 ng/dl (80~200 ng/dl), 항갑상선글로불린항체 14.14 unit/ml (0~0.3 unit/ml), 항미크로솜항체 Ab 0.22 unit/ml (0~0.3 unit/ml) 이었다. 면역혈청학적검사소견 : 혈청바이러스표지자검사, 즉 A형간염항체, B형간염항원과항체, C형간염항체는음성이었으며, 항핵항체 (1 : 80), 항이중 DNA 항체 (7.42 IU/mL) 는양성이었으나, 항사립체항체 (anti-mitochondrial antibody, AMA), 항간- 신미크로솜항체 (anti liver-kidney microsomal antibody, LKM-1) 는음성이었다. 방사선검사소견 : 갑상선초음파검사에서표면이거칠고, 불규칙한저에코의영상으로하시모토갑상선염에합당한소견을보이고있었고 (Fig. 1), 복부초음파검사에서전반적인간음영의증가및경도의지방간소견을보였다 (Fig. 2). 병리학적소견 : 조직학적확진을위해초음파유도하간 Fig. 1. Ultrasonography of patient's thyroid gland. Irregular and hypoechoic lesions were compatible with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Fig. 2. Ultrasonography of patient's liver. Increased echogenecity was indicative of diffuse liver parenchymal disease. - 288 -

- 이영준외 6 인 : 하시모토갑상선염환자에서간생검으로진단된자가면역성간염 1 예 - A B Fig. 3. Pathologic findings of liver biopsy. A. Marked infiltrations of portal and periportal lymphocytes and macrophages were noted, which is a typical finding of chronic hepatic inflammation ( 100). B. Periportal necrosis and portal fibrosis with plasma cell reaction were seen, which is compatible with autoimmune hepatitis ( 400). 생검을시행하였으며 masson's trichrome, reticulin 염색을시행하였다. 조직검사에서문맥, 문맥주변그리고간소엽에중등도이상의단핵구침윤을나타내는활동성만성간염의소견을보이고있었고, 침윤하는단핵구의대부분은림프구였으며호산구도종종관찰되었으나, 형질세포는드문소견이었다. 간소포에서는초점성괴사와호산성체가관찰되었으며문맥역에서는염증세포침윤및세담관의증식, 변형, 섬유화의소견이보였다. 조직검사에서자가면역성간염에합당한소견으로자가면역성간염으로진단되었다 (Fig. 3). 치료및경과 : Prednisolone 30 mg/day으로치료를시작하였으며용량을감량하면서치료 4주만에아스파르트산아미노전이효소 769 IU/L, 알라닌아미노전이효소 302 IU/L에서아스파르트산아미노전이효소 22 IU/L, 알라닌아미노전이효소 32 IU/L로정상화되었고식욕부진및극심한피로감등의증상도호전되어외래에서경과관찰중이다. 고찰자가면역성간염은 1950년스웨덴의사 Waldenström에의해처음보고된질환으로, 바이러스감염이나약물에의한간손상의증거가없고, 고감마글로불린혈증, 자가항체출현을보이며간조직내의림프구의침윤으로만성간염및간경변을유발하는질환이다 [4]. 간세포에대한숙주면역체계의면역관용의기전이상실되어자신의간세포를외부에서들어온항원으로판단하여면역세포에의하여간세포가파괴되어발생하는질환으로, 간세포에발현되는항원과비슷한외부항원의자극에의하여세포면역체계의혼란이발생되고림프구가과다하게생성되어간세포를파괴함으로써발병되는것으로생각되고있다 [5]. 다른자가면역질환과마찬가지로유전적배경이매우중요한병인으로알려져있는 데, 특정제2형주요조직적합복합체를보유하고있는환자에서자가면역성간염에잘이환되는것으로보고되고있으며흔히알려진사람백혈구항원 (human leukocyte antigen, HLA) 형태는 HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQ 등이있다 [8]. 펩타이드계항원은제2형주요조직적합복합체와연관된 CD4+ T세포에의해인지되기때문에제2형주요조직적합복합체는항원제공에중요한역할을한다. 외부항원에노출된후에특정제2형주요조직적합복합체를보유하고있는환자에서는자가항원과분자적으로유사한특정펩타이드를제공하기때문에이경우자가항원에대한자가면역반응이촉발되는것으로이해된다 [9]. 진단은각나라별로진단기준이마련되어있기도하지만우리나라의경우국제자가면역성간염연구회 (International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group, IAHG) 에서제정된스코어링시스템을이용하여진단하는데 [10], 최근간단한진단스코어링시스템이개발되었다 [11](Table 1). 40~60세가호발연령으로대부분서서히발병하나급성발병예도적지않다. 혈액검사에서혈청아스파르트산아미노전이효소와알라닌아미노전이효소가주로상승하며, 심한경우빌리루빈이상승하나, 알칼리인산분해효소는정상이거나경도의상승을보인다 [12]. 통상적인간염바이러스표지자는음성이고혈청감마글로불린 ( 특히감마글로불린 G) 이상승하고, 항핵항체, 항평활근항체, 항간 -신미크로솜항체등자가항체가양성이다 [13]. 다른자가면역질환과동반되어발생할수있고 [3](Table 2), 간조직검사에서다른간질환을시사하는소견이없이계면간염과심한림프구및형질세포침윤을관찰할수있으나형질세포침윤이드문경우도있다 [14,15]. 자가면역성간염은서양에서는흔한질환이지만국내에서는산발적인보고만있고체계적인연구는없는실정이다. 우리나라는만성간질환의만연지역으로서만성간질환및간암에의한사망이총사망원인의약 10% 를차지한다. 그 - 289 -

대한내분비학회지 : 제 24 권제 4 호 2009 Table 1. Simplified diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis Variable Cutoff Points ANA or SMA ANA or SMA or LKM or SLA IgG 1 2 * Liver histology (evidence of hepatitis is a necessary condition) Absence of viral hepatitis 1: 40 1: 80 1: 40 Positive Upper normal limit > 1.10 times upper normal limit Compatible with AIH Typical AIH Yes > 6: probable AIH > 7: definite AIH * Addition of points achieved for all autoantibodies (maximum, 2 points). ANA, anti-nuclear antibody; SMA, smooth muscle antibody; LKM, anti liver-kidney microsomal antibody; SLA, soluble liver antigen; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis. 1 2 1 2 2 Table 2. Autoimmune diseases frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease Organ-specific Non-organ-specific Autoimmune hepatitis Systemic lupus erythematus Celiac disease Rheumatoid arthritis Addison's disease Systemic sclerosis Vitiligo Sjogren's syndrome Type 1 diabetes mellitus Juvenile chronic arthritis Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency Pernicious anemia Alopecia areata Premature ovarian failure Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Primary biliary cirrhosis Goodpasture's syndrome 러나우리나라만성간질환의원인으로는 B형간염바이러스가약 70% 로대다수를차지하고있고, 약 10~20% 는 C형간염바이러스에의한것이며, 나머지약 10~20% 는그원인이밝혀지지않고있다. 현등 [12] 은원인불명만성간질환환자 197명을대상으로한임상연구에서이러한원인불명만성간질환환자의약 6% ( 여자의경우는약 11%) 가자가면역성간염이그원인일것으로추정해볼수있으며, 우리나라에서도원인불명만성간질환의감별진단에반드시자가면역성간염이포함되어야할것으로주장하였다. 자가면역성간염의 38% 에서다른면역질환이동반될수있으며 [16], 원발성담즙성경화증이나원발성경화성담관염을제외하면자가면역질환중하시모토갑상선염이가장빈번하게 (10%) 동반될수있는것으로알려져있으나 [17] 아직하시모토갑상선염환자에서발생한자가면역성간염에대한유병률과기전에대해서는충분한연구가이루어지지않고있다. 터키에서시행한연구에따르면, 하시모토갑상선염으로진단받은 46명의환자 ( 남자 44명, 여자 2명 ) 중 4명 (8.69%) 에서자가면역성간염이동반된것으로조사되어하시모토갑상선염환자의적지않은수에서자가면역성간염이동반되어있었다 [18]. Fas ligand는활성화된 T 세포에서발현되며 Fas를함유하는세포의자연사를유도하는역할을하고있는데, B형간염항원유전자도입쥐를대상으로시행한실험을통해 Fas ligand가간염의발생에중요한역할을담당하고있는사실을알게되었다 [19]. 한편, 갑상선세포에도 Fas가발현되며하시모토갑상선염에이환된갑상선세포의선택적인괴사에도관여하는것으로연구되어자가면역성간염과하시모토갑상선염이동반될수있는분자생물학적근거를제시하고있다 [4]. 치료하지않은자가면역성간염의예후는매우다양하여, 스테로이드등의면역억제제에반응을하는정도가예후를좌우하며, 치료에반응을하는경우건강한사람과다름이없으나반응을하지않고심한경우 40% 가 6개월내에사망하며, 생존자중최소 40% 가간경변증으로진행하는것으로알려져있다. 지속적으로혈청알라닌아미노전이효소치가정상상한의 10배를초과하거나, 혈청감마글로 - 290 -

- 이영준외 6 인 : 하시모토갑상선염환자에서간생검으로진단된자가면역성간염 1 예 - 불린이정상상한의 2배이상유지되고혈청알라닌아미노전이효소치가 5배이상유지된다면조기사망할가능성이있으며, 조직소견에서가교성괴사 (bridging necrosis) 나다포성괴사 (multiacinar necrosis) 가존재할때 5년내에 82% 가간경변증으로진행하고, 45% 가사망하는것으로알려있다. 치료하지않은경우 5년및 10년생존율이각각 50%, 10% 이었으나, 적절한치료로 10년생존율을 80~93% 까지개선시킬수있었다 [20]. 따라서, 자가면역성간염을조기에발견하고적절한치료를시작하는것이매우중요한데, 본증례와같이하시모토갑상선염등자가면역성갑상선질환에이환된환자에서갑상선기능이정상화되었음에도간기능수치가높은경우에는자가면역성간질환이병발했을가능성이높으므로간조직검사등적극적인방법을통해자가면역성간염을진단하고적절한치료를시행함으로써장기생존율이나치료효과를극대화할수있을것으로사료된다. 앞으로우리나라에서의하시모토갑상선염과동반된자가면역성간염의유병률및기전을규명하는연구가더필요하리라생각되며, 본증례와같이간조직검사로조기진단및치료를받게된환자군들을대상으로하시모토갑상선염과동반된자가면역성간염과동반되지않은자가면역성간염의생존율을비교해볼필요도있을것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Nobili V, Liaskos C, Luigi G, Guidi R, Francalanci P, Marcellini M: Autoimmune thyroiditis associated with autoimmune hepatitis. Thyroid 15:1193-1195, 2005 2. Tomer Y, Davies TF: Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function. Endocr Rev 24:694-717, 2003 3. Jenkins RC, Weetman AP: Disease associations with autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid 12:977-988, 2002 4. French LE, Tschopp J: Thyroiditis and hepatitis: Fas on the road to disease. Nat Med 3:387-388, 1997 5. Krawitt EL: Autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 354:54-66, 2006 6. McFarlane IG: Definition and classification of autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 22:317-324, 2002 7. Czaja AJ: Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 22:365-378, 2002 8. Cassinotti A, Birindelli S, Clerici M, Trabattoni D, Lazzaroni M, Ardizzone S, Colombo R, Rossi E, Porro GB: HLA and autoimmune digestive disease: a clinically oriented review for gastroenterologists. Am J Gastroenterol 104:195-217, 2009 9. Miyake Y, Yamamoto K: Current status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan. Acta Med Okayama 62:217-226, 2008 10. Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, Chapman RW, Cooksley WG, Czaja AJ, Desmet VJ, Donaldson PT, Eddleston AL, Fainboim L, Heathcote J, Homberg J-C, Hoofnagle JH, Kakumu S, Krawitt EL, Mackay IR, MacSween RN, Maddrey WC, Manns MP, McFarlane IG, Meyer zum Buschenfelde K-H, Mieli-Vergani G, Nakanuma Y, Nishioka M, Penner E, Porta G, Portmann BC, Reed WD, Rodes J, Schalm SW, Scheuer PJ, Schrumpf E, Seki T, Toda G, Tsuji T, Tygstrup N, N, Vergani D, Zeniya M: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 31:929-938, 1999 11. Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, Pares A, Dalekos GN, Krawitt EL, Bittencourt PL, Porta G, Boberg KM, Hofer H, Bianchi FB, Shibata M, Schramm C, Eisenmann de Torres B, Galle PR, McFarlane I, Dienes HP, Lohse AW: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group: Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 48:169-176, 2008 12. Hyun JG, Paik SW, Lee JH, Koh KC, Kim JE, Choi MS, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Rhee JC, Choi KW, Oh YL, Park CK: Clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis in Korea. Korean J Gastroenterol 33:653-661, 1999 13. Nakamura H, Usa T, Motomura M, Ichikawa T, Nakao K, Kawasaki E, Tanaka M, Ishikawa K, Eguchi K: Prevalence of interrelated autoantibodies in thyroid diseases and autoimmune disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 31:861-865, 2008 14. Bayer EM, Schramm C, Kanzler S, Lohse AW: Autoimmune liver disease: diagnosis and therapy. Z Gastroenterol 42:19-30, 2004 15. Washington MK: Autoimmune liver disease: overlap and outliers. Mod Pathol 20:S15-S30, 2007 16. Amenduni T, Bellitti P, Carbone A, De Sanctis D, Santospirito EV, Colucci R, Minnaja G, Bruno R: Unusual association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with autoimmune hepatitis. Thyroid 17:1307-1308, 2007 17. Teufel A, Galle PR, Kanzler S: Update on autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 15:1035-1041, 2009 18. Cindoruk M, Yetkin I, Karakan T, Kandilci U: The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a Turkish population. Acta Gastroenterol - 291 -

대한내분비학회지 : 제 24 권제 4 호 2009 Belg 65:143-145, 2002 19. Kondo T, Suda T, Fukuyama H, Adachi M, Nagata S: Essential roles of the Fas ligand in the development of hepatitis. Nat Med 3:409-413, 1997 20. Lee YS: Autoimmune hepatitis: recent update on diagnosis and treatment. Korean J Hepatol 12:318-332, 2006-292 -