CEO REPORT 2002-02 PL PL 2002. 5
CEO Rep ort,.
< >. PL 1 1. 1 2. 2. PL PL 3 1. PL 3 2. PL 4 III. PL : 6 1. 70 PL 6 2. '80 7 3. 8. EU 10 1. EU 10 2. 12. PL 14 1. 15 2. 16 < > PL 21
. PL 1. ( 750 ) o, (Product Liability Law, PL ) o 2000 1 2 6 2002 7,, o (Product Liability Insurance, PL ) *, * PL * (recall) : * (class action) : 1-1 -
2. o ( ),, -, o,, *, * o * *,, o -,, o 3, 10 o,, 10-2 -
. PL PL 1. PL. PL. PL - 3 -
o * EU, * *, * 98 7 17 6 16 31 7 ( 4 1,200 ) ( 1 2, 30 ), 1,400 * 11.50 8, PL o PL 2. PL PL, PL o PL < > PL 3,000-4 -
o RIMS(Risk and Insurance Management Society) 0.14% PL (1994) - (National Insurance Consumer's Association) * * 1991,, 1991 1 2,827 3,900 25 985 9,000 (0.19%) o PL 2,300 (2000 164 0.14%) - PL 1 ( ) o 95 PL 1 2 PL -, PL o 2000 230 1 100% 500 PL PL 500 600 o PL,, 1,000 2,000 3,000-5 -
. PL : PL 1930, 70 80 2 PL cash flow underwriting 1963 (strict liability),, 1. 70 PL : Product Liability Cris is 70 o 74 1,579 85 13,554 700% o, 75 39 87 133 340% - 104% 3 o 62 85 488-6 -
1970 PL o 75 76 PL,, o PL 2. 80 : Liability Cris is 70 PL PL 80 PL o (cash flow underwriting) - 84 38, 85 52 o, - 300%, o 70 PL PL - Time, '86.3 : Sorry, your policy is canceled - 7 -
3. 70 PL, 77 5 PL o PL o o 80 1985, o deep pocket o o o * * 15, 20 PL, o -, - 8 -
o - (Punitive Damages) : - (Joint and Several Liability) : (deep pocket) - (Jury System) : - (Contingent Fee System) :, " " 80 91 - - - - - - 90 PL o,, PL - 9 -
. EU 85 EC 80 90 PL, 95 PL, PL PL PL, PL 1. E U. PL EC,, EC 1985 o EC 80 90 o EC - 10 -
EC 1987 (Consumer Protect Act 1987) o PL 0.8%, 300 ( 4,000 ) PL 1990 1 EC PL o (AHB) 1988 7 o EC EC PL. PL EU PL - 11 -
o, ( 7,000 ECU) o (Capacity), 2.. PL 1975 20 1995 7 PL o PL 6 o PL, o PL 1960 EC PL PL 95 8.5% PL - 12 -
. PL 1957 PL ISO PL PL * PL * (Alternative Dipute Resolution, ADR) :, PL PL, o PL 1995 4 PL 50% o AIU, Royal, BIG 1995 9 PRPL (Preferred Risk Product Liability) (Product Recall Insurance), (Product Guarantee Insurance) PL - 13 -
. PL PL EU o PL PL o PL o Cash Flow Underwriting o PL PL o o o - 14 -
1.. o PL o 1982 PL o, o EU, PL o PL. PL PL,, o o 1994-15 -
.,, o ISO 95 (Alternative Dipute Resolution, ADR) 91 7.1% 95 15.4% 10.6% 6.9%, 4.6% 3.4% 91 o PL ADR * * ADR PL, 13. PL.. ( ) 2.. PL, - 16 -
o PL 5 7 1, o o, o,. PL PL o 1980 long tail * * long tail * ISO PL 10 11 (1975 1985 ), 1 10.1% 5 64.5%, 9 96.0% - 17 -
PL ( ) ( :, %) 1 ) 2 ) 1 3 ) 3 5 7 9 1975 12,987,334 15.3 46.1 74.3 85.7 96.6 1976 16,344,571 9.1 37.3 66.6 75.4 88.3 1977 18,574,366 10.7 43.4 64.3 80.6 95.7 1978 23,109,920 10.5 42.1 63.8 84.2 97.4 1979 37,593,214 10.6 37.8 68.3 84.3 96.0 1980 64,614,767 7.3 44.4 71.5 83.9 93.5 1981 88,938,081 7.4 31.9 56.4 68.7 94.3 1982 74,950,216 13.5 39.5 66.0 81.4 94.7 1983 88,781,588 12.6 39.2 66.6 90.2 97.7 1984 110,492,049 10.1 35.1 60.6 84.1 97.9 1985 106,613,179 8.5 39.0 65.8 84.5 97.1 642,999,285 10.1 38.2 64.5 82.3 96.0 : 1) accident year 2) 10 3) : ISO, ISO CIRCULAR, 1996. 4. 17 o ISO 96, 87.8%, 78.8%, 20.0%, 33.9% CGL ( : %, US$) 9.5 28 40 44.7 46.8 181 256 41.4 = 2.7 14 14 0 33.2 145 145 0.0 87.8 369 78-78.8 20.0 85 56-33.9 100 411 133-67.7 100 411 458 11.3 : ISO, Closed Claim Survey for Commercial General Liability : Survey Results(1995), 1996. 5, p.30-18 -
o RBC *, *, 80, PL o Superfund, (Electromagnetic Fields : EMFs) * * Fireman's Fund Aetna Life & Casualty 7 5 * Swiss Re. America 7 * Cigna run-off 10 PL long tail o, IBNR 1 3%, 1/ 24. PL o PL 20% 30% - 19 -
o o PL, PL. PL o PL, o., o Total Risk Management - 20 -
< > PL 1. (02.5 ) Products/ Completed Operations liability (, ) Policy(, ) Additional Insured(Concessionaires)Clause Additional Insured(Vendors) Clause Premium Adjustment Clause Punitive Damage Exclusion Clause Deductible Liablity Insurance Clause, 1000 : 1), 2) 2002.5 PL 2. : PL 2000 12 230 1/ 10 PL ( : ) (U/ Y) 1998 6,600 139.8% 8,727 30.1% 15,327 77.3% 1999 7,866 50.3% 10,828 56.0% 18,694 53.6% 2000 9,457 41.0% 14,294 43.2% 23,751 42.3% : 2002.5 : PL ( :, %) GDP(a) 99,631 14,139 47,565 4,574 (b) 4,230 572 1,025 583 PL (c) 14.2 2.5 2.1 0.08 (c)/ (a) : GDP 0.01 0.01 0.004 0.002 (c)/ (b) : 0.34 0.4 0.2 0.06 : 99, PL : 2001,, Insurance Stastistics 2001, OECD - 21 -