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J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 17, No. 6, 2017, pp.472-480 https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2017.17.6.472 RESEARCH ARTICLE ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜ Staphylococcus epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊น€์„คํฌ ๊ฑด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์น˜์œ„์ƒํ•™๊ณผ Survey of Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination on the Hands of Dental Hygienists and Equipment Surface of Dental Clinics Seol-Hee Kim Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea The purpose of this study was to investigate Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination on hands of 20 dental hygienists and 140 equipment surface of 20 dental clinics in a local area, from July to August 2017. The degree of S. epidermidis contamination was measured using a hand plate and a rodac plate and then cultured at 35 o C for 24 hours. Based on hand plate criteria, hand contamination was classified into low, middle, and high groups. Analysis of the variance (ANOVA) of the contamination level of the hand parts of the group surface contamination level of the dental clinic equipment was descriptive statistics after clustering lock count. S. epidermidis contamination was moderate in 55% of the hands of dental hygienists. The area of contamination was 29.45 colony-forming units (CFU) on the palm, followed by the middle 7.8 CFU, ring 6.4 CFU, and thumb 6 CFU. Medical equipment surface contamination was showed that 3-way 4.45 CFU, computer mouse 3.37 CFU, mirror 1.60 CFU were higher than other areas. The group with high hand contamination had a high positive correlation with the S. epidermidis contamination of the hand. S. epidermidis contamination level was higher on hands than on the medical equipment surface contamination. Therefore, medical staff should recognize the importance of hand hygiene which should be practiced in the manner suggested by World Health Organization. In addition, the medical team needs to be responsible for performing infection control tasks, implementing infection management guidelines and providing systematic education on infectious disease management. Key Words: Cross infection, Dental clinics, Dental hygienists, Staphylococcus epidermidis ์„œ๋ก  ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜์งˆ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐ์น˜๊ณผ์—์„œ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž, ๋‚ด์›๊ฐ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘์›ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”์•ˆ์ „์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋งค์šฐ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค 1). ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ, ์ ‘์ด‰๊ฐ์—ผ, ๋น„๋ง๊ฐ์—ผ๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํ˜•ํƒœ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋…ธ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋‚จ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ณ‘์›๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค 2). ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ์—ผ์ค‘ํŠนํžˆ์Šˆํผ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ๊ฐ์—ผ์€๊ธฐ์กดํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์—๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด์ƒ๊ฒจ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์น˜๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šˆํผ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ๋ฉ”์น˜์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋‚ด์„ฑํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ํฌ๋„์•Œ๊ท  (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ์€๋ณ‘์› 62 66%, ์˜์› 46 49% ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 3), 2011๋…„ 3,376๊ฑด์—์„œ 2013๋…„ Received: August 14, 2017, Revised: September 30, 2017, Accepted: October 12, 2017 ISSN 1598-4478 (Print) / ISSN 2233-7679 (Online) Correspondence to: Seol-Hee Kim Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea Tel: +82-42-600-6382, Fax: +82-42-600-6565, E-mail: yfami@hanmail.net Copyright 2017 by Journal of Dental Hygiene Science This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

๊น€์„คํฌ : ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ 42,422๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 12๋ฐฐ๋‚˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค 4). S. aureus๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ S. epidermidis๋„๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด์ €ํ•˜๋œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์‹ฌ๋‚ด๋ง‰์—ผ๋“ฑ์„์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ๊ทธ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. Staphylococcus๋Š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์ธ๋‘, ๋น„์ธ๋‘์—์ •์ƒ์ƒ์žฌ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ €ํ•ญ์ธ์ž๋“ค์˜์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด์ž˜์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€์•Š์ง€๋งŒ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์—ฐ์„ฑ์กฐ์ง, ํƒ€์•ก์„ , ๋ฐœ์น˜๋ถ€์œ„, ์น˜์กฐ๊ณจ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋ฉด์•ˆ๋ฉด๋ถ€๋กœํ™•๋Œ€๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค 5). ๋˜ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์†์˜์ƒ์ฃผ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ์งˆ์ธต์˜ํ•˜๋ถ€, ๋ชจ๊ทผ์ฃผ์œ„๋‚˜๋•€์ƒ˜์†๊นŒ์ง€๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์—ฌ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์ฒด์•ก, ํ˜ˆ์•ก, ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ 6) ์„์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜์†์œ„์ƒ์€ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†์œ„์ƒ์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ค€๋น„์˜์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๊ด€ํ•œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์žฅ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฒ™๊ณผ์†Œ๋…๋ฐ๋ฉธ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ 1) ์ด๋Š”๋นˆ๋„๋†’์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์‰ฝ์ง€์•Š์Œ์„์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๊ทธ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ๋‹คํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋…ธ์ถœ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์€์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ๊ณผ๋ถ„์ง„์ดํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹ค์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”์—์–ด๋กœ์กธํ˜•์„ฑ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์ž์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง„๋ฃŒ๋Œ€, ์Šค์œ„์น˜, ์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ์†์žก์ด๋“ฑ์˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„๊ฐํ™˜์ž์˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๋๋‚œํ›„์—์†Œ๋…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์—๋ณด์ด๋Š”์˜ค์—ผ์ด์žˆ์„๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฆ‰์‹œ์†Œ๋…ํ• ๊ฒƒ์„๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค 7). ๊ฐ์ข…๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ•œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ทœ์ •์„์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„๋ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‘œ๋ฉด์€์ ‘์ด‰์ •๋„์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์†Œ๋…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆˆ์—๋ณด์ด๋Š”์˜ค์—ผ์ด์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฆ‰์‹œ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€๋Š” 2014๋…„ ์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์›์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ธ์ฆ์ œ ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฒ•์ œํ™”์™€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์ œ์‹œ 8) ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์›์—๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด์น˜๊ณผ์˜์›๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ‰๊ฐ€๊ทœ์ œ๋Š”๋ฏธํกํ•œ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ค‘์†Œํ˜•์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์™€์ง€์›์ด์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ž‘์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ถŒํ•œ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ‰๊ฐ€์œ ๋ฌด์™€๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์งˆ์ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„์ด๋„๋Š”๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค 9). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ถŒํ•œ์„๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋œ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์ ํ•ฉํ•œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค์ด์ง€์นจ์„œ์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ์—ญํ• ์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ต์œกํ• ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์ง€์†์ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ดํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์—ฌ์งˆ์ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์›ํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ผํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž์˜์ธ์‹๊ณผ์‹ค์ฒœ์—๊ด€ํ•œ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์ฃผ๋กœ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋ฟ์†๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ฒœ์œจ์„๋†’์ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ง€์‹์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ธ์‹์„ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์ ํ•ฉํ•œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒœํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์—๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์ฃผ๋กœ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ์ง์ ‘, ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ‘์ด‰์ด๋งŽ์•„๊ฐ์—ผํ™•์‚ฐ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋†’์€์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ์˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๋‹ค์žฌ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์ธ S. epidermidis ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฑด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ƒ๋ช…์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜์Šน์ธ (IRB no. 2017-054) ์„๋ฐ›์€ํ›„, 2017๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„ 8์›”๊นŒ์ง€๋Œ€์ „๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์—์†Œ์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 20๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผํŽธ์˜ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ž‘๋œ์ดํ›„๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์„์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„๋ฃŒ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ์„์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์˜ค์—ผ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์•˜๋˜์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ 7๋ถ€์œ„์˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ์„๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ์ค‘๋‹จํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด์–ด๋–ค๋ถˆ์ด์ต๋„๋ฐ›์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์˜๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์„์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ช…์˜์ต๋ช…์„ฑ์„์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™ธ์˜๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€์•Š์„๊ฒƒ์„์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†๊ณผ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€์‹œํ–‰๋œ 11์‹œ 4์‹œ์‚ฌ์ด์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์„์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ๋™์˜ํ•œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ์Šคํƒฌํ”„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šคํƒฌํ”„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ๊ท ์„์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง‘๋ฝ์—ํŠน์ง•์„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€์‹ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ์ง์ ‘์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ์ ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ( ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ) ๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท ์„๋น„๋กฏ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ท , ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท , ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท , ๋น„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ท ๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด 473

J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 17, No. 6, 2017 ํŠธ๋Š”ํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ (S. epidermidis test plate; B&F) ์™€์ง€๋ฆ„ 6.0 cm ๋‘๊ป˜ 1.5 cm, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  25 cm 2 ์˜๋กœ๋‹ฅํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ (S. epidermidis test plate; B&F) ๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ง€์กฐ์„ฑ์€ peptone, 10.0 g; sodium chloride, 75.0 g; meat extract, 1.0 g; D( )mannitol, 10.0 g; phenol red, 0.02 g; agar, 12.0 g; final ph, 7.4±0.2์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์€ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š”ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— 10์ดˆ๋™์•ˆ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ์ ‘์ด‰์‹œํ‚จํ›„๋šœ๊ป‘์„์ž˜๋‹ซ๊ณ ์ผ์‹œ, ์ฑ„์ทจ๋ถ€์œ„, ์ผ๋ จ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ( ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ต๋ช…์„ฑ ) ๋ฅผ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 10๋ถ„๋‚ด์™ธ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €์ง„๋ฃŒํ˜‘์กฐ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ฃผ๋กœ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†์œ„์ƒํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ดํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์—์†์„๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ 10์ดˆ๋™์•ˆ์ ‘์ด‰์‹œ์ผœ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฅผ๋ฐ›์•„ 7๋ถ€์œ„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๋™์ผํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ€์œ„์„ ์ •์€์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 3๊ณณ์˜์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์˜์—ญ์ค‘์˜ค์—ผ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋ถ€์œ„๋กœ๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํ‚ทํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”, ์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ์†์žก์ด, ํ˜‘์กฐ์ž 3-way syringe ์†์žก์ด, ํƒ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์„ผ์„œ, ์†๊ฑฐ์šธ์†์žก์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ 20๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ 20๊ฐœ์˜ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ 7๋ถ€์œ„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด 140๊ฐœ์˜ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฑ„์ทจ๊ฐ€๋๋‚œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋Š”ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ธฐ (C-IN incubator; Chang Shin Scientific, Seoul, Korea) 35 o C, 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ํ†ตํ•ด์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์„๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” S. epidermidis ๊ตฐ๋ฝ๊ณผํฐ์ƒ‰๊ตฐ๋ฝ์„ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” Staphylococcus ( ๊ธฐํƒ€ํฌ๋„์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ท  ) ๋กœ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ท ์ง‘๋ฝ์„์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํŒ์ •ํ‘œ๋ฅผ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผํŒ๋…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” PASW Statistics ver. 18.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”ํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ธฐ์ค€์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ์˜ค์—ผ์ง‘๋‹จ์„์ € 1 9 colony-forming units (CFU), ์ค‘ 10 99 CFU, ๊ณ  100 ์ด์ƒ CFU ์˜ค์—ผ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ค์—ผ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„์†์˜์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ, ๋‹ค์„ฏ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๊ฐ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ •๋…๋ฆฝ Kํ‘œ๋ณธ Kruskal-Wallis ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ๋น„์˜์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„์ง‘๋‹จ, ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„, ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์—๊ด€ํ•œ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ (Correlation analysis) ์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œ ์˜๊ฒ€์ •์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 0.05๋กœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„ํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธํŒ๋…๊ธฐ์ค€์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ์ € 1 9 CFU, ์ค‘ 10 99 CFU, ๊ณ  100 CFU๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 20๋ช…์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”์ € 9๋ช…, ์ค‘ 7๋ช…, ๊ณ  4๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  Fig. 1 ๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๊ณผ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ S. epidermidis์™€ Staphylococcus์˜ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ S. epidermidis๋Š”์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด 29.45 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์ค‘์ง€ 7.8 CFU, ์•ฝ์ง€ 6.4 CFU, ์—„์ง€ 6 CFU ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. Staphylococcus๋Š”์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด 12.15 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์€๊ฒ€์ง€ 5.8 CFU, ์—„์ง€ 4.75 CFU์—์„œ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. S. epidermidis๋Š”ํ‰๊ท  55 CFU ์ค‘์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , Staphylococcus๋Š” 31.6 CFU์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Fig. 2์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์† Fig. 1. Classification of Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination on hand. S. epidermidis contamination based on hand plate criteria, hand contamination was classified into (A) safe 0 colony-forming units (CFU), (B) low 1 9 CFU, (C) middle 10 99 CFU, and (D) high >100 CFU groups. Hand contamination groups was classified into (A) safe-no. 4, 5, 7, (B) low-no. 3, 9, 10, 11, 14, 20, (C) middle-no. 1, 2, 6, 13, 15, 16, 19, (D) high-no. 8, 12, 17, 18. 474

๊น€์„คํฌ : ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ S. epidermidis๋Š”๊ฐ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„์œ ์˜ํ•œ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ (p<0.05), Staphylococcus๋Š”์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„์œ ์˜ํ•œ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค (p>0.05) (Table 1). 2. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„ 20๊ฐœ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๊ฐ 7๋ถ€์œ„ํ‘œ๋ฉด, ์ด 140๊ฐœ๋กœ๋‹ฅํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์˜ S. epidermidis์™€ Staphylococcus ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ S. epidermidis๋Š” 3-way ์†์žก์ด๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 4.45 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค 3.37 CFU, ๊ฑฐ์šธ์†์žก์ด 1.60 CFU ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Fig. 3๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Staphylococcus๋Š” 3-way ์†์žก์ด๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 19.20 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”ํ˜‘์กฐ์ž์„์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ์†์žก์ด 9.05 CFU, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค 8.89 CFU, ๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํ‚ทํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ด 6.50 CFU๋กœ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š” Staphylococcus์˜์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๋†’๊ฒŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Fig. 3๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ S. epidermidis ๊ณผ Staphylococcus ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š” Table 2 ์™€๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„์™€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„์™€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์ง‘๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก Staphylococcus๋ณด๋‹ค๋‹ค์žฌ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ์จ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€ S. epidermidis์™€๋†’์€์–‘์ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค (p<0.05). ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์ง‘๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜๋กํ‘œ๋ฉด S. epidermidis์™€ Staphylococcus ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”๋‚ฎ์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด์†์œ„์ƒ์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”์ง‘๋‹จ์˜์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์ด๋”๋†’์€๊ฒƒ์„์˜ˆ์ธกํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (Table 3). ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ฒœ์œจ์„๋†’์ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ S. epidermidis๋Š”ํ‰๊ท  55 CFU๋กœ์จํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธํŒ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ค‘์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 20๋ช…์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”์ € 9๋ช…, ์ค‘ 7๋ช…, ๊ณ  4๋ช…์œผ๋กœ 55% ์—ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š”๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—์„œ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„์ด์ƒ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ Fig. 2. Mean of Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination by each site on hand. CFU: colony-forming units. Fig. 3. Mean of Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination in seven equiptment surface. CFU: colony-forming units. Table 1. Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination by Each Site on Hand Group Thumb Index Middle S. epidermidis Staphylococcus Ring Little Palm Total Thumb Index Middle Ring Little 1 6.11 7.28 5.00 5.61 8.28 5.39 5.00 9.83 9.83 10.89 8.22 9.00 9.39 8.33 2 11.57 10.93 13.14 12.36 8.79 12.64 13.00 14.00 12.43 12.50 13.00 11.79 10.71 12.14 3 18.50 17.00 18.25 18.25 18.50 18.25 18.50 5.88 8.63 6.13 11.25 11.63 12.63 12.50 p 0.001 0.013 <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 <0.001 0.068 0.522 0.194 0.248 0.546 0.652 0.331 Values are presented microorganism growth plate number (colony-forming units, CFU) as mean. Data was analysed by nonparametric method-independent K samples test (Kruskal-Wallis test). Palm Total 475

J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 17, No. 6, 2017 Table 2. Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination in Seven Equipment Surface No. Bracket table 3-way syringe Computer mouse S. epidermidis Staphylococcus Radiation digital sensor Light Hand mirror Cuspidors Bracket table 3-way syringe Computer mouse Radiation digital sensor Light Hand mirror 1 0 2 9 5 3 1 0 1 2 5 10 3 2 0 2 2 0 4 2 0 0 0 33 0 2 1 9 10 15 3 2 31 4 X 0 5 2 14 70 44 X 2 15 1 4 5 6 18 X 2 6 4 9 14 7 X 5 8 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 11 2 2 0 6 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 5 18 15 7 3 4 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 34 44 0 2 12 3 0 8 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 32 2 0 9 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 2 128 0 1 5 2 0 10 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 5 39 4 1 86 11 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 21 2 2 1 0 9 12 3 0 0 0 0 6 1 5 2 0 6 2 0 2 13 0 7 2 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 1 1 15 1 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 14 17 0 0 0 2 15 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 2 1 33 9 5 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 31 0 0 9 0 17 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 14 9 0 1 18 0 10 0 0 0 1 0 7 2 2 5 0 7 2 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 1 4 3 0 Mean 0.65 4.45 3.37 0.56 0.30 1.60 0.68 6.50 19.20 8.89 3.94 9.05 4.65 2.11 Cuspidors Values are presented microorganism growth plate number (colony-forming units, CFU). 476

๊น€์„คํฌ : ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ Table 3. The Correlation between Hand and Equipment Surface Contamination Hand contamination group Staphylococcus epidermidis hand contamination Staphylococcus hand contamination S. epidermidis surface contamination Staphylococcus surface contamination Hand contamination group 1 S. epidermidis hand contamination 0.929** 1 Staphylococcus hand contamination 0.325 0.388 1 S. epidermidis surface contamination 0.189 0.217 0.014 1 Staphylococcus surface contamination 0.394 0.308 0.258 0.259 1 Hand contamination group were identified including S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus. Data was analysed by Spearman's correlation coefficient. **p<0.01. ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ํ™˜์ž์™€์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š”์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์†์ด์ค‘์š”์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ž‘์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœํ™˜์ž์ ‘์ด‰์ „, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ ํ–‰์œ„์‹œํ–‰์ „, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ์ฒด์•ก๋…ธ์ถœํ›„, ํ™˜์ž์ ‘์ด‰ํ›„, ํ™˜์ž์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ‘์ด‰ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ์†์œ„์ƒ์„์‹ค์ฒœํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค 10). ์†์œ„์ƒ์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ž„์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜์†์œ„์ƒ์ดํ–‰์€ 50% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค 11). ์†์œ„์ƒ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด์ €์กฐํ•œ์›์ธ์€์†์œ„์ƒ์ธ์‹์ €ํ•˜, ๋ฐ”์œ์—…๋ฌด, ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ์„ธ์ฒ™์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์†์†์ƒ์šฐ๋ ค, ์†์œ„์ƒ์ œ์ œ์™€์”ฝํฌ๋Œ€๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ์†์œ„์ƒ์ดํ–‰์„์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ๊ต์œก๊ณผํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์†์œ„์ƒํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผํ†ตํ•œ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์˜๋ฃŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค 12,13). ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์†์˜๊ฐ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด 29.45 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’์•˜๊ณ ์ค‘์ง€ 7.8 CFU, ์•ฝ์ง€ 6.4 CFU, ์—„์ง€ 6 CFU ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„์†์œ„์ƒ์ฆ์ง„์„์œ„ํ•ด World Health Organization (WHO) ์†์œ„์ƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๊ต์œก์ดํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณผ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๋งˆ๋””๋งˆ๋””์˜๋งˆ์ฐฐ, ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„๋‹ค๋ฅธ์†์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„๋‹ฆ๊ณ , ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ง„๊ณณ์„๋‹ค๋ฅธ์†์˜๋์œผ๋กœ๋‹ฆ๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค 14). ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์†์˜๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ 2 60๋ถ„๊ฐ„์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋น„๋ˆ„๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ์†์”ป๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค alcohol-based handrubbin์„ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 10) alcohol-based handrubbin ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„๊ถŒ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜์ถ”ํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์†์œ„์ƒ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์†์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๋Š”๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๊ต์œก์„์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ์‹œํ–‰ํ• ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ๊ต์œก๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ํ†ตํ•ด์ง€์†์ ์ธ์†์œ„์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์œ„์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—์˜ํ•œ์ง์ ‘๊ด€์ฐฐ๋ฒ•์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š”๋ชจ๋“ ์†์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์„์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋†’๊ฒŒํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜๊ด€์ฐฐ์žํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋งŽ์€์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์†Œ์š” ๋˜๋ฉฐ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์„ ํƒ์—๋น„๋šค๋ฆผ์˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”๋น„์šฉ์ด์ ๊ฒŒ๋“œ๋Š”์žฅ์ ์ด์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜์‹ค์ œ์ดํ–‰๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๊ณผ์žฅ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š”๋‹จ์ ์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ดํ™•๋ณด๋œ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋‚˜์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜์›์—์„œ๋Š”์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค 15). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ฑ์„ํ†ตํ•ด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋กํ•˜์—ฌ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ ์†์œ„์ƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„๊ฐ–๋„๋กํ• ๊ฒƒ์„๊ถŒ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์ด์—๊ด€ํ•œํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ต์œกํ• ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. 20๊ฐœ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด 7๋ถ€์œ„, ์ด 140๊ฐœ์˜๋กœ๋‹ฅํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์˜ S. epidermidis์™€ Staphylococcus ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ S. epidermidis๋Š” 3-way ์†์žก์ด๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ 4.45 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค 3.37 CFU, ๊ฑฐ์šธ์†์žก์ด 1.60 CFU ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋‚ด์—์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ผ์„œ, ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ๋†“๋Š”๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํ‚ทํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”๋“ฑ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ž˜์‹ค์ฒœ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋‚ด์—์ง์ ‘์ ‘์ด‰๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š” 3-way ์†์žก์ด, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค, ํ™˜์ž๊ฑฐ์šธ์†์žก์ด๋ถ€๋ถ„์€์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์†Œํ™€ํ•จ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ ‘์ด‰๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€๋ถ€์œ„์˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์‹œํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์ธ์‹๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹ค์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜์„ธ๊ท ์–‘์„๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•œ Park ๋“ฑ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ 16) ์—์„œ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฅธํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋น„ํ•ดํƒ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€์˜์„ธ๊ท ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์–ด๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผํ•œํ›„์ž…์„ํ—น๊ตฌ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”๊ณณ์œผ๋กœํƒ€์•ก๊ณผํ˜ˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ์ –์–ด์žˆ์–ด์„ธ๊ท ์ด์ฆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ์ข‹์€๊ณณ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ์„ธ๊ท ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋†’๊ฒŒ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ง€์†์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. Lee์™€ Kim์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17) ์—์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ์†์žก์ด 1.62 10 3 CFU/ml, ์œ ๋‹›์ฒด์–ด๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ›์นจ๋Œ€ 1.99 10 3 CFU/ml, ํƒ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€ 1.22 10 3 CFU/ml, 3-way syringe 0.60 10 3 CFU/ml ๋กœ์„ธ 477

J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 17, No. 6, 2017 ๊ท ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋ฐ”์žˆ๋‹ค. Yun ๋“ฑ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ 18) ์—์„œ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ์˜์›์˜์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ์ดํŠธ์†์žก์ด์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰ 8.65 10 3 CFU/ml, ์˜์›๊ธ‰ 6.09 10 3 CFU/ml๋กœ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰์ด๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ํƒ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€๋Š”๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰ 68.95 10 3 CFU/ml๊ฐ€์˜์›๊ธ‰ 31.52 10 3 CFU/ml์—๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋†’๊ฒŒ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์–ด์ด์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€๋งŽ์€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด๋”์šฑ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์–ด์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์™ธ์ผ๋ถ€์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์ดฌ์˜์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ์„ธ๊ท ์˜๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด Providencia stuartii๊ฐ€ 25% ๋ฅผ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์Šˆํผ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์—๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ๋ฉด์—ญ๋Šฅ์ด์ €ํ•˜๋œํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋ณ‘์›๊ฐ์—ผ์˜์›์ธ๊ท ์ธ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia๊ฐ€ 18%, ์žฅ๋‚ด๊ตฌ๊ท ์˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์€๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ์‹์ค‘๋…์˜์›์ธ๊ท  Enterobacter cloacae, S. epidermidis๊ฐ€์•ฝ 8% ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์–ด์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ S. epidermidis ๋“ฑ์˜๋‹ค์žฌ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋”์šฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค 19). ์ง„๋ฃŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„์•ผ๊ธฐํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ๊ทธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐํŠนํžˆ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”ํƒ€์•ก, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜๊ฐ์—ผ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค 20). ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ ‘์ด‰๋นˆ๋„์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์†Œ๋…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋‚ด์„ผ์„œ, ๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํ‚ทํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ ์ธ์‹๋œ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์ ‘์ด‰์—๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ์กฐ๋ช…๋“ฑ์†์žก์ด, ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋Œ€ (countertop), ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค์†Œ๋…ํ›„๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์†Œ๋…์ œ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐํฌ์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์†Œ๋…์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ, ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์œ ํšจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋“ฑ์˜๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์†Œ๋…๊ณผ๋ฉธ๊ท ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๊ทธํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋†’์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค 14). Min ๋“ฑ์˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 21) ์น˜๊ณผ์—์„œ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ S. aureus๋Š” amoxicillin, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, vancomycin์—๋‚ด์„ฑ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜๊ณผ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์†Œ๋…์ œ๋กœ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” chlorhexidine, formalin, glutaraldehyde ๋“ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด๋†’๊ณ ๋ถ€์‹๊ณผํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ์†Œ๋…์ œ์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊ฒƒ์„๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค 22). ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋”๋†’๊ฒŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜์ƒ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€์ดฌ์˜๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๋”๋†’๊ฒŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด, ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๊ฐ™์ด์žฅ๋น„์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค์†์œ„์ƒ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์ด๋‚ฎ์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค 23) ๊ฐ€์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์†์œ„์ƒ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๊ด€ํ•œ์ธ์‹๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ฒœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„๋Œ€ํ•™์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ต์œก๋ฐํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์Šต๊ด€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์€๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ณด์œ , ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ด€์‹ฌ, ํ–‰์ •์ ์ง€์›๋“ฑ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์ด๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹ค์ฒœ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ 22) ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜์ง€์›๊ณผ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹ค์ฒœ์„๋†’์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์ธ์ง€๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์˜์› 5.9%, ์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์› 17.4% ๋กœ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค 8). ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ ์ˆ˜์—†๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—ญํ• ์„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์—์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„๊ฐ–๊ณ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์„ํ†ตํ•ด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ํŠน์„ฑ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ ์Šคํ…๋“ค์„๊ต์œกํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„๊ฐ–์ถœํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค๋˜ํ•œ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๊ถŒํ•œ์„์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์žฅ๋น„๋ฐ์‹œ์„ค๊ตฌ์ถ•, ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์™€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ œ๊ณต, ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ™•๋ณด๋“ฑํ–‰์ •์ , ์žฌ์ •์ ์ง€์›์„๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค 24). 2, 3์ฐจ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋น„๊ต, ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ ํ–‰์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „์‚ฐํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ์†์œ„์ƒ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋“ฑ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ์กฐ์งํ™”, ์ •์ฐฉํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋„๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์จ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ• ์ธ๋ ฅ์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ์น˜์œ„์ƒ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์ด์™€๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๊ต์œก์„์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค 25). ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์น˜๊ณผ์ง„๋ฃŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 30์—ฌ์ข…์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ (bacteria) ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ S. epidermidis๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์žฅ๋งŽ์ด๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ 20) ์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ์ผ๋ถ€์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ S. epidermidis ํŠน์ •๊ท ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋งŒ์„์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์ ์–ด์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์„์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ถ”ํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜์†์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€๊ทธ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ• ๊ฒƒ์„์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋งŒํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ ์ˆ˜๋Š”์—†๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋ชจ๋‘์™€ํ™˜์ž, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋ชจ๋‘๊ทธ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒœํ• ๋•Œ๊ทธํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์ ํ•ฉํ•œ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ์ œ์‹œ, ๊ต์œก, ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์ด๋„๋Š”๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์˜์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์†Œ๋ช…์„๊ฐ–๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒœํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„๊ฐ–์ถ˜์ธ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด 2017๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8์›”๊นŒ์ง€์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ 20๊ฐœ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์›์—์„œ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ 20์ธ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ, ์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ„ 7๋ถ€์œ„ํ‘œ๋ฉด 140๋ถ€์œ„์˜ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”ํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ์™€๋กœ๋‹ฅํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด 478

๊น€์„คํฌ : ์น˜๊ณผ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ์†์˜์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ํŠธ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 35 o C 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”ํ•ธ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ธฐ์ค€์—๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ์ €, ์ค‘, ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œํ›„๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„์†๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ ANOVA ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์€์ง‘๋ฝ์„๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์œ„์ƒ์‚ฌ 55% ๋Š”์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„์ด์ƒ์˜์†์˜ค์—ผ์ด์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š”์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด 29.45 CFU๋กœ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์ค‘์ง€ 7.8 CFU, ์•ฝ์ง€ 6.4 CFU, ์—„์ง€ 6 CFU ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 3-way ์†์žก์ด 4.45 CFU, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค 3.37 CFU, ๊ฑฐ์šธ์†์žก์ด 1.60 CFU๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์˜์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋†’๊ฒŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์ง‘๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก์†์˜ S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๊ฐ€๋†’์€์–‘์ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. S. epidermidis ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋Š”์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ค์—ผ๋ณด๋‹ค์†์—์„œ๋†’๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค์€์†์œ„์ƒ์˜์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  WHO์—์„œ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์†์œ„์ƒ์„์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค์ด๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„๊ฐ–๊ณ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์˜๋ฃŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„์กฐ์„ฑํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—๊ด€ํ•œ๊ต์œก์ด์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. References 1. Jeong SY, Oh HS, Chun HK: Analysis of the status of infection controls after application of the healthcare accreditation system. Korean J Health Serv Manag 9: 33-49, 2015. 2. Kim NC, Choi KO: Effects on nurses' hand washing behavior and reduction of respiratory isolation rate of MRSA of the hand washing education. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 14: 26-33, 2002. 3. Park ES, Jeong JS, Kim KM, et al.: A study on the costs of hospital infection control and prevention. Korean J Nosocomial Infect Control 12: 50-57, 2007. 4. Kwandong University College of Medicine: Investigation of resistance rate change with multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens in healthcare associated infections on general hospitals in Korea. Osong, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. 5. Kim YG, Han MD: Oral microbiology. Komoonsa, Seoul, p.203, 2010. 6. Lee H, Choi SM: Hand washing awareness among students in Seoul and antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus aureus isolated on their hands. J Environ Health Sci 35: 278-286, 2009. 7. CDC: Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008. Retrieved August 1, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/pdf/guidelines/disinfec tion-guidelines.pdf. 8. Ministry of Health and Welfare: Dental treatment infection control standards. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, 2014. 9. Choi DR, Kim SH: The study on organization, infection controller, patient infection control of dental clinic in certain areas. J Dent Hyg Sci 15: 399-406, 2015. 10. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Training materials for medical personal of isolation unit: hand washing and personal hygiene management. Retrieved September 6, 2017, from https://goo.gl/qdpcgy. 11. Park JH, Kim HS: The effect of the hand hygiene education program on hand hygiene knowledge, hand hygiene perception, nasal staphylococcus aureus colonization and hand hygiene adherence in nursing students. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci 14: 156-165, 2012. 12. Cho SS, Kim KM, Lee BY, Park SA: The effects of simulation-based infection control training on the intensive care unit nurses` perception, clinical performance, and self-efficacy of infection control. J Korean Clin Nurs Res 18: 381-390, 2012. 13. Kweon OM, Park ES, Lee DS, et al.: A three-year study of the effectiveness of hand-hygiene protocol implementation at a university hospital. Korean J Nosocomial Infect Control 17: 53-60, 2012. 14. World Health Organization: A guide to the implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy. Retrieved August 4, 2017, from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ hq/2009/who_ier_psp_2009.02_eng.pdf. 15. Seoul Medical University Bundang Hospital: Implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy: a pilot study. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seongnam, p.14, 2013. 16. Park WR, Song CB, Lee SG, Lee KH: Relative Light Unit (RLU) count at the dental environment by use of FlugunTM and PCMX as a low temperature spray typed sterilization agent. Int J Clin Prev Dent 8: 165-171, 2012. 17. Lee HJ, Kim MY: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus to antiseptic solution in dental hygiene practices room environment. J Korean Acad Dent Health 32: 405-415, 2008. 18. Yun KO, Park HJ, Son BS: A study on bacterial concen- 479

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