A Comparative Study on the Commuting Regional Type According to the Features of Foreigner Commuting Ju-Hyun Ryu* Abstract The purposes of this study are to identify many implications of commuting regional type according to the features of foreigner commuting. Research on the pattern of distribution of foreigners has been very simple and limited because foreigners usually lived together in a specific area, and their workplace often tended to be their residence. However they currently live dispersed more widely, and their job and housing increasingly tend to be mismatched. This study divided areas inhabited by foreigners into general one characterized by job-housing match and exceptional one characterized by job-housing mismatch, and then examined the features of foreigner commuting. General commute type showed a high rate of intra area commute and foreign workers universal features. Inflow commute type showing high E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a short journey to work while inflow commuters had relatively a long journey to work, and professionals accounted for a high proportion of employees. Outflow commute type showing low E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a long journey to work while inflow commuters had a relatively short journey to work. The composition ratio of three commute types was different according to nationality and visa type. : foreign worker, journey-to-work, jobs-housing mismatch, workplace, residence, inflow commute type, outflow commute type (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography Education, Kongju National University), ryujh@kongju.ac.kr 339
100 90 (multi-scale) 2003 (meso-scale) 25 10 31 66 2005 10 2007 215 808 14 0 340
Johnston 1988 2008 2004 2006 (aggregated) (disaggregated) 1 1999 5 2 1997 1980 19952000 2004 1 1980 40 28 123 13 2008 O-D 2005 341
2 (E/R ratio) (Rose and Villeneuve, 1988) White 1977 1994 1998 2004 2004 2003 2004 2007 2001 342
E 9 17 219 16 802 16 741 9 897 9 462 8 880 7 558 5 023 3 320 2 137 1 844 E 8 E 10 H 1 D 3 H 2 60 849 2007 1 066 273 765 746 66 5 215 808 2009 129 34 0 10 0 10 0 8 8 8 1 4 6 4 5 E 1 E 2 E 4 E 3 D 7 D 8 E 6 2005 10 7 38km 5 43km 46 1 70 8 34 2 56km 86 8 0 914 0 01 0 01 0 609 1 0 9 1 1 66 17 34 0 51 6 77 343
0 34 3 13 (E/R ratio) 1 1 1 2 3 344
r 2 =0.836 r 2 =0.373 345
2 3 2 2 3 4 5 3 2 3 1 2 1 67 2 346
347
1 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 5 1010 8 9 8 2 62 12 1 10 (km) 3 88 79 2 46 1 53 9 49 7 50 3 11 87 27 5 45 5 54 5 77 7 22 3 13 06 22 0 43 7 56 3 94 1 5 9 5 83 58 7 42 3 57 7 81 4 18 6 3 18 88 0 20 1 79 9 98 1 1 9 3 25 87 9 20 3 79 7 97 3 2 3 5 43 70 8 28 3 71 7 87 9 12 1 2007 DB 348
11 12 0 34 3 13 50 3 50 40 2009 10 11 60 12 1 90 0 40 10 11 349
350
12 351
3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2007 48 5 64 4 2 3 3 3 4 Plane 1981 352
5 5 (reverse commuting) 6 7 8 17 2008 1997 3 113-34 2004 2004 2008 160-162 2009 12 177-90 2003 173-176 2004 2003 6 169-83 2004 38 4562-584 2008 11 119-30 2008 2001 1998 33 3241-263 2007 10 235-51 2008 1995 2005 11 391-100 2006 1980 2000 41 1 91-111 2004 1999 7 197-118 1994 24 1175-196 2003 6 117-30 1991 26 146-61 Clark, W. A.V. and Huang, Y., 2004, Black and white commuting behavior in a large southern city: evidence from Atlanta, Geographical Analysis, 36(1), 54-68. Johnston, I., 1988, The journey to work and occupational segregation, Urban Geography, 9(2), 138-154. Madden, J. F., 1981, Why women work closer to home, Urban Studies, 18, 181-194. Plane, D. A., 1981, The geography of urban commuting fields: some empirical evidence from New England, Professional Geographer, 33(2), 183-188. Rose, D. and Villeneuve, P., 1988, Gender and the separation of employment from home in metropolitan Montreal, 1971-1981, Urban 353
Geography, 9(2), 155-79. White, M. J., 1977, A model of residential location choice and commuting by men and women workers, Journal of Regional Science, 17, 41-51. http://www.immigration. go.kr/ http://www.nso.go.kr/ 314-701 182 ryujh@kongju.ac.kr 041-850-8242 Correspondence: Ju Hyun Ryu, Department of Geography Education, College of Education, Kongju National University, 182, Shinkwan-dong, Gongju, Chungnam, 314-701, Korea (e-mail: ryujh@kongju.ac.kr, phone: +82-41-850-8242) 354