(Nomenclature of Organic Compounds)) IUPAC ( (http://wwwkcsnetorkr) 1998 IUPAC ) : (common name), IUPAC IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) (1) (Alkane) :, (paraffin) : C n H 2n+2 (n C ) IUPAC : -ane C 1 ~C 4 methane, ethane, propane, butane, C 5 -ane - methane octane -ane - (1998, ) methane / CH 4 CH 4 ethane / C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 propane / C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 butane / C 4 H 10 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 pentane / C 5 H 12 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 hexane / C 6 H 14 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 heptane / C 7 H 16 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 octane / C 8 H 18 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 nonane C 9 H 20 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 decane C 10 H 22 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 11: undecane, 12: dodecane, 13: tridecane, 14: tetradecane, 15: pentadecane, 16: hexadecane 17: heptadecane, 18: octadecane, 19: nonadecane, 20: eicosane 21: heneicosane 22: docosane 23: tricosane 30: triacontane 31: hentricontane 40: tetracontane 50: pentacontane 100: hectane,
- - (substituents), (alkyl group) -ane -yl R 2 (di-), (tri-), (tetra-), hyphen(-), 2,, di-, tri-, -tetra (hyphen) 2 (sec-), 3 (tert-), (iso-) ( ) IUPAC ( ) 2,3-dimethylhexane 2,2,4-trimethyloctane
(Common name): alkane "n-", "iso-", "neo-" n-alkane : isoalkane : methyl (-CH 3 ) neoalkane : 3 methyl (alkyl group) : R : - (-ane) - (-yl) 1 '1', CH 3 - methyl C 2 H 5 - ethyl
(2) (alkyl halide) : (alkane) (F, Cl, Br, I) (alkyl halide) (haloalkane) RX IUPAC : -ine -o haloalkane F (fluoro-) Cl (chloro-) Br (bromo-) I (iodo-) : halogen (alkyl halide), RX R -ide CH 3 Cl chloromethane (methyl chloride) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br (1-bromopropane) ( ) (1- ) ( ) a trichloromethane b 2-chloropropane c tert-butyl iodide d 3-bromo-1,1-difluoro-2,5,5-trimethylhexane
(3) (cycloalkane) (cycloalkane): C n H 2n : (cyclo-) : alkane 1 ( 1 ) 1 (4) (alkene) (alkyne) (alkene) : (olefin) : C n H 2n (diene) ~ 2 (triene) ~ 3 (alkyne) : : C n H 2n-2 (Alkene) (Alkyne)
IUPAC : (alkene) -ene, - (-ane) - (- ene) -diene, -triene (alkyne) - (-ane) - (-yne) -diyne, -triyne 2 -ene-yne, CH 2 =CHCH 2 C CH (1-penten-4-yne, 1- -4- ) not (1-pentyne-4-ene)
cyclopentene : 3-methylcyclopentene : 5- methylcyclopentene 1-methylcyclopentene CH CH ' (acetylene)' ( ) CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 3 (1-butene) CH CCH 3 (propyne) BrCH=CH-CH=CH 2 (1-bromo-1,3-butadiene) (CH 3 ) 2 C=CHCH=CH 2 (4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene) ( ) IUPAC a CH 2 =C(Cl)CH 3 b (CH 3 ) 2 C=C(CH 3 ) 2 c FCH=CHCH 3 d CH 2 =C(CH 3 )CH=CH 2 e CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 C CH f CH 2 =CH-C C-CH 3 g : (ethylene), (propylene), (acetylene) ( IUPAC ) CH 2 =CH 2 ethylene (ethene) CH 3 CH=CH 2 propylene (propene) CH C H acetylene(ethyne)
CH 2 = C H - vinyl (ethenyl) CH 2 =CH-CH 2 - allyl (3-propenyl) CH C-CH 2 - propagyl (3-propynyl) ( ) CH 2 = C H - C l vinyl chloride (chloroethene) CH 2 =CH-CH 2 - C l allyl chloride (5) IUPAC 1) : 1 (bnezene)
2) 2 2 (ortho-), (meth-) (para-) 3) 3
(phenyl group) (arene), Ar : (phenyl group) Ph, (benzyl group)
(6) (alcohol) : H-OH H : R-OH IUPAC : ( OH), alkane, alkene, alkyne e ol OH C=C, C C, ol ol CH 2 =CHCH 3 OH (2-propen-1-ol) OH OH ol di, tri, tetra : (alcohol) OH 2 2 (glycol) methylene (-CH 2 ) methylene glycol
(phenol) : OH, ( ) (RCOOH), (RCHO), (RCOR) OH (thiol) : sulfhydryl (-SH ), RSH (mercaptan) (glycol) : (-OH) 2 1 (ethylene glycol), -OH 2 (glycerol), (sorbitol) CH O H CH O H CH O H CH CH O H O H CH O H CH CH CH CH 2 2 2 2 2 ethylene glycol glycerol(glyderine) sorbitol (1,2-ethanediol) (1,2,3-propanetriol) (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanehexaol) O H O H O H O H CH O H 2
(7) / (ether, ) : ROH H R' : R-O-R' alkyl aryl ether CH 3 -O-CH 2 CH 3 ethyl methyl ether CH 3 CH 2 -O-CH 2 CH 3 diethyl ether (di ) diphenyl ether ( ) IUPAC alkoxy (-OR) alkoxy- (Epoxides) 3 (oxirane), (8) Aldehyde : Carbonyl (=CO) 1 2 >C=O carbonyl group CHO aldehyde group Ketone : 2 RCOR aliphatic ketone RCOAr alkyl aryl ketone ArCOAr aromatic ketone
1) (aldehyde) : (acid) ic oic aldehyde IUPAC : Alkane e al (aldehyde al ) -CHO -CHO 1 carbaldehyde IUPAC 2) (ketone) : alkyl aryl ketone IUPAC : Alkane e one (ketone one )
COR (acyl) CHO: (formyl) COCH 3 : (acetyl) COAr: (aroyl) (oxo-) CH 3 CH 2 CH CCH 2 O COCH 2 O 3 methyl-3-oxohexanoate (9) (carboxylic acid) : (-COOH) (RCOOH) (ester) : -OH -OR (RCOOR') (acyl halide) : -OH (RCOCl)
(acid anhydride) : (RCOOCOR') (amide) : -OH (-NH 2 ) (RCONH 2 ) (nitrile) : (-C N) (RCN) 1) (carboxylic acid) : RCOOH IUPAC : -e -oic acid - (formic acid), (acetic acid), (lactic acid), (amino acid), (benzoic acid) : IUPAC : (-COOH) 1 : α-
-carboxylic acid C1 -oic acid -ic acid -COOH -OH, -CHO, -CO- dicarboxylic acid -dioic acid 1 2 HOOC C H 2 3 C H 2 butanedioic acid 4 COOH HOOC - C C - COOH butynedioic acid
Butanedioic acid : 2 ~ maleic acid, furmric acid Benzenedicarboxylic acid 3 dicarboxylic acid (aryl) 2) : RCOOR' (R') -ic aicid -ate - CH 3COOCH3 CH3COOCH 2CH3 CH3CH 2CH 2COOCH3 methyl acetate ethyl acetate methyl butanoate (methyl ethanoate) (ethyl ethanoate)
( ) R R' 3) (acyl halide) : RCOCl (RCO-) halide -ic acid -yl -carboxylic acid -carbonyl 4) (acid anhydride) : RCOOCOR' acid anhydride acetic anhydride heptanoic anhydride ( ) ( ) 5) (amide) : RCONH 2 1 -oic acid -ic acid -amide - carboxylic acid -carboxamide -NH 2 N
6) (nitrile) : R-C N IUPAC : -nitrile 1 : -ic acid -oic acid -onitrile - carboxylic acid -carbonitrile 1 (cyanide) - - CH 3 CN CH 3 CH 2 C N CH 2 =CHCN : methyl cyanide ethylcyanide acrylonitrile (acetonitrile) (propionitrile) IUPAC: ethane nitrile propane nitrile propene nitrile (10) (amine) : (NH 3 ) H - N H R - N H H H H R ammonia primary amine secondary amine tertiary amine R - N R R - N R : -amine
IUPAC : (-NH 2 ) CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 CH 3 CH 2 NHCH 3 ethylamine ethylmethylamine (aminoethane) (methylaminoethane) 2-aminopentane cis-1,3-diaminochclobutane 2 3 2 3 N- 1 N- -NH 2 (amino) aniline