연구책임자 : 선임연구위원김현제 부연구위원박찬국
..,,,. (2009.12~2013.5) 2015.,..,,,,. 요약 i
,.,..,. 2014..,,,..,.,. ii
Smart grid, a new open platform, is a main driver for facilitating creative economy in the energy sector. The smart grid technologies and platforms enable to expand open business models such as App Store developing a wide variety of applications. In order to build the creative economy in the energy sector, it is significant to promote the smart grid industry, which creates new markets and jobs by converging many industrial fields such as energy, IT, automobile, and construction. Korea carried out the Jeju Island Smart Grid Demonstration Project between December 2009 and May 2013. Based on the results of the project, it plans to expand its smart grid program from 2015 with major projects in metropolitan cities. As Korea has completed the large project and undertakes new ones, it needs to monitor the world smart grid industry and gather information for the domestic projects implementation and the further international market advance. Therefore, this study aims to present the information and discuss its implications for boosting Korean smart grid industry, by examining policy issues and market trends of major countries around the world. Abstract i
The smart grid market growth is expected to progress steadily for the foreseeable future, although the scale of investment might be slightly different from the current expectations in the short term, taking into account potential variables such as regulation, standardization, financing, and acceptance. To date, the U.S. and China has led the growth of the world smart grid industry. In the future, Western Europe and Japan will lead the growing market trends. Asian countries including India, South America, and Eastern Europe are also expected to lead the further growth. Meanwhile, in Western Europe, it is uncertain if the German government will push forward the mandatory deployment of smart meters and conduct related projects as expected in the smart grid industry, as the current German cost-benefit analysis showed negative results. In Japan, the need for deployment of smart grid has been re-emphasized in order to reduce peak electricity demand and promote renewable energy after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Recently, however, the electricity utilities interest is in decline because of their financial difficulties. Measures to enhance the Japanese smart grid industry are expected to be discussed with the plans of institutional reforms of the power market in 2014. From a long term perspective, India is one the most noteworthy markets in the world. Although it has not yet occupied a central ii
position in terms of project scale, its smart grid market is expected to be grown more rapidly than other countries. In India, applications of smart grid technologies are under active discussion to solve its shortage of electricity supply, and global companies from the U.S. and Europe are participating in its projects. This study confirms the continuous growth of the world smart grid market, examines a U.S. case of smart grid investment into military facilities, and suggests the importance of ensuring the customers' acceptance. As seen in the results, each country has different issues, and thus, more systematic comparative studies need to be conducted in the future. Abstract iii
1 1 2 3 1. 3 2. 4. 4. 5 3. 7. 1 7. 9. 11 3 31 1. 13 2. 17. 17. 19. (Smart Grid Advancement Act) 21. (Sandy) 22. 26 3. 30. 30. 33 차례 i
. 35. 36. 39. 40. 41. 42 4. 43. 43. 44. 45. 46. 48 5. 50. 50. 52 6. 55. 55. 58 4 61 1. 61 2. 62 3. 63 4. 64 66 ii
< 3-1> 30 < 3-2> 2012 35 차례 iii
[ 2-1]. 6 [ 2-2]. 6 [ 2-3]. 7 [ 2-4]. 7 [ 3-1] (2010~2018, $10 ) 13 [ 3-2] - (2008~2018, $10 ) 15 [ 3-3] (2010~2018, $10 ) 16 [ 3-4] (2010~2018, ) 17 [ 3-5] (2008~2017, $10 ) 18 [ 3-6] 25 [ 3-7] 1980 26 [ 3-8] (MW) (2012~2018) 28 [ 3-9] 33 [ 3-10] State Grid (2009~2012, ) 43 [ 3-11] (2009~2012) 45 [ 3-12] (2005~2011, GW) 47 [ 3-13] (, ) 48 [ 3-14] (2008~2018, $ ) 52 [ 3-15] 54 iv
..,,,. (2009.12~2013.5) 2015.,... 2. 3. 4 3. 제 1 장서론 1
.,. 2010 1 2030. 2030 27.5 ( 7, 20.5 ). (2011.5) (2011.11),.,. (2009.12~2013.5) 2,493, IHD(In-Home Display) (2010~2012) 196., K-MEG 1,081.,. ( : 2011.6, : 2011.9), 1) 1 (2012.6) 제 2 장국내스마트그리드사업추진실적및개선과제 3
(, 2012.6). 2,532 IT (2005~2013) IT(Information Technology).,,,. (2009.8 ) (2009.5 ), PD(Program Director) (2011.5) (2011.4). (2012.3), (2011.3). ISGAN(International Smart Grid Action Network),. 가. 긍정적측면,.,.,.,,, 4
..,. 2009 (MEF), ISGAN.. 나. 부정적측면.,. 2012,.,,.,.,,.,. 2012 2) 72%, 2),, 19, 300 제 2 장국내스마트그리드사업추진실적및개선과제 5
10%. [ 그림 2-1] 스마트그리드에대해잘알고있다. [ 그림 2-2] 스마트그리드에대해다른사람에게설명해줄수있다. :, 2012, p.64... 35%, 36%... 6
[ 그림 2-3] 스마트그리드는해킹으로전력시스템의교란이발생할수있다. [ 그림 2-4] 스마트미터의전자파가걱정된다. :, 2012, p.61-62.. - - (, 2012.6). IT,.,., (, 2012.6). 가. 제 1 차지능형전력망기본계획상의정책방향 1 제 2 장국내스마트그리드사업추진실적및개선과제 7
,,,.,, 7 (2013, 2014 ),,,, 8
2013 (2013.6). 2012 (, 2013.6). 3) 나. 추가적정책방향,.,..,,..,.,. K-MEG(Korea-Micro Energy Grid), (smart city),. K-MEG,, 3) (2012.6) (2013.6) (www.smartgrid.or.kr) (www. motie.go.kr). 제 2 장국내스마트그리드사업추진실적및개선과제 9
. K-MEG. (smart energy).,,,, (IDC, 2012;, 2012.1.31).. 2011 38 52 U (, 2012.1.31).,.,,.,. (smart meter),,, (,, 2012).,., IT.,,,., 10
. 다. 장기적과제 (System of Systems),.,,,,.,,,.. (,,, ), ( - - ),,, (, 2009). (Smart Gas Grid), (Smart Water Grid).,,. 제 2 장국내스마트그리드사업추진실적및개선과제 11
BNEF(Bloomberg New Energy Finance)(2013.1),, 2010 109, 2011 130, 2012 139. 2012 7%,., (BNEF, 2013,1). BNEF. [ 그림 3-1] 지역별스마트그리드투자규모 (2010~2018, $10 억 ) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.1. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 13
BNEF 2012 144, 139., 2012 /. BNEF(2013.1) 2013~2018,.,,,. 2013,,,,. EU, 2012 3., 2014. 2020..,,. - 14
. [ 3-2], 2013-50%, 2018 37%. 2012 2013. [ 그림 3-2] 아시아 - 오세아니아스마트그리드투자 (2008~2018, $10 억 ) : BNEF, 2013.8, p.12.,.,,. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 15
[ 그림 3-3] 부문별스마트그리드투자규모 (2010~2018, $10 억 ) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.2.. [ 3-4], 2012 1 7,100, 2018 6. 4) 2014. BNEF (BNEF, 2013.1). 4). BNEF. 16
[ 그림 3-4] 세계누적스마트미터보급대수및연간보급대수 (2010~2018, 백만대 ) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.2. 가. 개괄 2015..,. / (Volt/VAR) 5), 2013., Opower, Tendril 5),. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 17
. OG&E, NV Energy (smart thermostat) (in-home display) 2014.., ( ) (opt-out)..,,. 2013~2014 (BNEF, 2013.1). [ 그림 3-5] 미국부문별스마트그리드투자규모 (2008~2017, $10 억 ) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.7. 18
나. 경기부양예산지원효과 2009 (ARRA, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). (DOE, Department of Energy) 2009 SGIG&SGDP (Smart Grid Investment Grants and Smart Grid Demonstration Programs) 2012 3 29, 68 (DOE, 2013.4).,,,.. 47,000 (full-time), IT 12,000,,, /, GDP GDP, 1 ( ), GDP 250~260 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 19
,. (state). 2007 (Energy Independence and Security Act). 2009 95 6,000., (DOE, 2013.4).. EPRI(Electric Power Research Institute) 3,380 4,760, 13 2 (EPRI, 2011.4).,,,,,,,...,, 20
. ETRI, 20 170 ~240 (EPRI, 2011.4).. 다. 스마트그리드발전법 (Smart Grid Advancement Act) 발의 2013 7 (HR2865), (Committee on Energy and Commerce).. (EPA, Environmental Protection Agency),, DR,, 250MW 2015 2018 (Energy Efficient and Smart Grid Public Information initiative) (Energy Efficient and Smart Grid Appliance Rebate Program) 5 1 2, 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 21
. (BNEF, 2013.8). 라. 허리케인샌디 (Sandy) 이후정전방지및복구기능에초점 (Sandy) 2012 10 29, 860.. (BNEF, 2013.4). (OMS, outage management system),,,.,. ConEd(Consolidated Edison) 4 5, 2016 10. 22
ConEd. 3.3%, 1.3% (BNEF, 2013.4). ConEd 1/3 1. ConEd. NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) 2013 (SmartGridNews, 2013.5.31). ConEd. ConEd 2015 2016 New York Westchester County 2 30 (overhead power line). ConEd 35,000 600. ConEd (SmartGridNews, 2013.5.31.). 2 Brooklyn 1, 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 23
15% 110mph (overhead isolation device) (conduit) ConEd. PSE&G(Public Service Electric & Gas Company) 3. PSE&G (Energy Strong) 10 380,. JCP&L(Jersey Central Power & Light) 6 3. JCP&L 2011 3,150 4.5%. CL&P(Connecticut Light and Power) 2011 4 6,200, 1 5,600. 2011 10 24
, 1 7,500. CL&P 36. LIPA(Long Island Power Authority) 8 600 10% 0.3. 90% (FEMA, Federal Emergency Management Agency). (1992~2012) 2004 (The White House, 2013.8).,. (BNEF, 2013.6). [ 그림 3-6] 미국의정전사례중기상과관련한건수 : The White House, 2013.8, p.8. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 25
[ 그림 3-7] 1980 년이후미국의기상관련자연재해건수 : Munich Re; BNEF, 2013.6, p.3. 마. 군사시설부문스마트그리드도입활발 (DOD, Department of Defense). 80%, 2010 150. 2025 25%,,,,.. 26
.,. (Pike Research, 2013.1). (stationary base).,,,.,. Pike Research 12.... Lockheed Martin, General Electric(GE), Honeywell, Boeing, Eaton. 600. (Pike Research, 2013.1). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 27
Lockheed Martin (2013.5.21). (Environmental Security Technology Certification Program),.,,, (SmartGridNews, 2013.5.21.). [ 그림 3-8] 미국군부대마이크로그리드용량 (MW) 전망 (2012~2018) : Pike Research, 2013.1, p.2., Army Corps of Engineers 2,000,,, 28
. 2008 Army Corps of Engineers CALIBRE 5 (Army Meter Data Management System).,, 5,000 (Nextgov, 2012.12). Army Corps of Engineers, 8,000, 2,220, 4, 728. 12,000, 6,000, 1,200, 6,000. Army Corps of Engineers 2010 Fort Stewart, Fort Carson U.S. Military Academy 100,.. (Nextgov, 2012.12).. Smart Grid Data Access Award Balfour Beatty Capital Group Inc Balfour Beatty Communities LLC Switch 4 Good. (Nextgov, 2012.12). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 29
가. 개괄,,.,, 2014 2015, 2013. (BNEF, 2013.1). < 3-1>. < 표 3-1> 유럽국가별스마트미터링도입계획 Eandis Infrax,.,. Energo-Pro( E.ON Bulgaria) 2020 83.. 2012 6,., CEZ Group.,. 30
2013 4 2020. 2017. Jaotusvork OU 2015 50. 2014 300 80%. 2014. 2014-2015. 2012 6,.,.. 2010.... 2018 2020 95%. Creos 25 5. 2013.. 2014. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 31
2017.. 2020. 2013 1 2..,.. Elektro Ljubljana 2020 32 5. 2014. 2016 2014~2015. : BNEF, 2013.1, p.3.;. [ 3-9].., (BNEF, 2013.1). 32
[ 그림 3-9] 유럽국가별스마트미터보급추진현황 : BNEF, 2013.1, p.4.;. 나. 영국 (DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change) 2011 3 2014 2019. 5,300 110. 2013 5 2015, 2020 1.,, (DECC, 2013.5)., 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 33
(BNEF, 2013.8).. (2012.12.12.),,. DECC, (Bdaily, 2013. 5.29.). CLNR (Customer-Led Network Revolution). 5,400, Yorkshire 12,000 1 (2013.5). Northern Powergrid, (Bdaily, 2013.5.29.). (Low Carbon Networks Fund). < 3-2> 2012 5 4,550. 34
< 표 3-2> 2012 년영국저탄소네트워크펀드프로젝트 (DNO) / ( ) Accelerating renewable connections Scottish Power Distribution (Iberdrola) Smarter Grid Solutions, University of Strathclyde 740 Customer load active system services (11kV) / (VVO) (CVR). (60 ) Electricity North West General Electric, Siemens, Parsons Brinkerhoff 720 Flexgrid: advanced fault level management in Birmingham Western Power Distribution (PPL) Parsons Brinckerhoff, University of Warwick 1,350 Innovation squared Southern Electric Power Distribution (SSE) EA Technology group, Nissan, Charge Your Car Ltd. 420 Smarter network storage, 6MW UK Power Networks KiWiPower, AMT-Sybex, Smartest Energy, A123 Systems 1,320 : Ofgem; BNEF, 2013.1. 다. 프랑스 - (Jean-Marc Ayrault) 2014 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 35
2016 300, 3,200 2020. 2011 2, 43 50. 2020 80% EU.,., (BNEF, 2013.8). (Brottes) (2013.3).,. (Demand Response Compensation Rule),,.. (BNEF, 2013.4). 라. 독일. 36
. E-Energy. 2008 E-Energy 1 4 6. 6,,, / /,,,,., 2013. 10% (BNEF, 2013.4). 2011. 8, 2010 133.01TWh 2011 102.31TWh. 2011 29,265MW, 24,870MW. 32%..,..,. (GlobalData, 2012.8). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 37
,. Steria Mummert Consulting,, (Reuters, 2012.8.7). Steria Mummert Consulting 100 2014.. Steria Mummert Consulting. 2022. 10. 5 320 ( 46 ).. (Reuters, 2012.8.7.). (2013.8),. Ernst & Young., 1 Frost & Sullivan,. 38
. 4,800, 90%, 20~40 (Frost & Sullivan, 2013.9).,. 마. 스페인. Endesa 2013.6 370 (BNEF, 2013.8). 30%., Endesa (Malaga Smart City),. Iberdrola 180 (European Investment Bank) 2 ( 3,000 ) (2013.7.25.). Iberdrola 2013.2.1 (Royal Decree Law 2) 2013 2. 2013 2014, 2015 6. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 39
2013 100%, 2014 200% 10, 2013 5.5% 2014 6.5%. Iberdrola(8.2%), Endesa(8.9%), Gas Natural(7.3%) (WACC, Weighted Average Cost of Capital)., 2014,. 2018,. BNEF, 2018 2,600,. 바. 덴마크 2020 (2013.4),. EU, 2013 8, 320.. 2050 100%., 40
EcoGrid EU (Virtual Power Plant) Dong Energy Power Hub.. AMI,.,. (Data Hub) 2014 10.,. 2016 2020 AMI. 2015 (BNEF, 2013.8). 사. 노르웨이 NVE(Water Resources and Energy Directorate, ) MOE(Ministry of Oil and Energy, ) 2017 2019 (2013.2)., 2017 (BNEF, 2013.4). NVE 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 41
. NVE 2 kwh.... Statnett (BNEF, 2013.4). 240, 100 ( ). Skagerak Energi, Eidsiva Energie, Ringeriks-Kraft, Fortum AMI, (2012~2017 ) (BNEF, 2013.4). 아. 폴란드 2013 3 2014.. 2020 9 300. 2020 2,150, 60% (BNEF, 2013.8). 42
가. 개괄 2013 1, 2. State Grid(State Grid Corporation of China, ) 2013 4 7 2,200 1,900. 3 4,200. 5,500, 2009 State Grid 20~30%. 2,800 7 (BNEF, 2013.8). [ 그림 3-10] 중국 State Grid 스마트미터입찰 (2009~2012, 백만대 ) : BNEF, 2013.8, p.13. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 43
Jiangsu Linyang, Ningbo Sanxing, Wasion, Holley Metering., (BNEF, 2013.8)., Southern Power Grid( ) 2013.,., 2~3. Southern Power Grid, (BNEF, 2013.8). 나. 스마트미터링부문최초소비자민원발생 2013 2.. State Grid.,., State Grid (BNEF, 2013.8). 44
다. 배전자동화 (DA, distribution automation) 2012 8 10. (BNEF, 2013.1). [ 그림 3-11] 중국배전자동화프로젝트 (2009~2012) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.13. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 45
Southern Power Grid Huawei LTE(Long-term Evolution). 177. LTE,., Huawei. 2013 6,., Southern Power Grid LTE, (BNEF, 2013.8). 라. 국가차원에서최초로수요반응시범사업추진 (NEA, National Energy Administration) 2013 7 (DR, Demand Response). 3 ( 53 ) 3 (BNEF, 2013.8). 150 :,, 10 1,900 :, (Zigbee),,, 950 : 15% 2 46
.. [ 그림 3-12] 중국최대전력수요추이 (2005~2011, GW) : China Electricity Council; BNEF, 2013.8, p.14. State Grid,.., (BNEF, 2013.8). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 47
마. 전력시장개혁 (, National People s Congress) (, State Electricity Regulatory Commission). (BNEF, 2013.3). State Grid Southern Power Grid 80%,,, ( ).,. [ 그림 3-13] 중국전력시장개혁방향 ( 미확정, 검토중 ) : BNEF, 2013.4, p.16. 48
State Grid. State Grid, 2003.. State Grid,. (BNEF, 2013.4). : State Grid.,.,.,. : State Grid,,..,, 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 49
2015 (BNEF, 2013.4). 가. 개괄 1,000 5 (2010~2014 ). ( ), ( ), ( ), (,, ) 4. 4 740 160. 7MW, 27MW,,. 2,000. (,, 2011: 2). 2011., (METI) (co-generation), (, Ene-Farm). 50
.. 2012 2, (TEPCO) 2019 1,700. 10 13 (BNEF, 2013.1). 50 2.. 2011 70 130, 2012. 2012 (2 5,000 ) 30% 8,000 (BNEF, 2013.1). BNEF, 2014, 2014. 2017 2018 (BNEF, 2013.1). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 51
[ 그림 3-14] 일본스마트그리드투자동향과전망 (2008~2018, $ 백만 ) : BNEF, 2013.1, p.14. 나. 전력사업제도개혁.. 2011.12, ( ) 1 (2012.2~2013.2) 12 (2013.2.8.)..,, (,, 2013.8.30)., (2013.8.30) 52
.,..,, ( ),.,... 1,,, 1,,.. (hedge),... 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 53
(nega-watt)... ( ).,,,,,,,.,.. [ 그림 3-15] 일본전력사업제도개혁방향 :, 2013, p.32., 1, 2 (2015 ). 2 54
2016.,. 3,,,. 3 2018~2020.,.. (,, 2013.8.30). 가. 개괄 45%, 4. 55%. (aggregate technical & commercial loss) 30%, 50%. ( ). 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 55
. (, 2011.11). Innovation Observatory 2030 10, 3 (Innovation Observatory, 2011.2). (MoP) (CPRI), (CEA), (PFC), (BIS). SGTF(Smart Grid Task Force), SGTF MoP, (MNRE), (MCIT), (DST),. MoP -, (, 2011.11). (2011.11), R-APDRP(Re- Structured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program) 2008. R-APDR 3~5,, ICT(Information & Communication Technology),,. ICT 56
. R-APDRP. SGTF (Smart Grid Task Force). SGTF CSTEP(Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy) SGTF Smart Grid Forum. SGTF Smart Grid Forum 7 (WG1-, WG2-, WG3-, WG4-, WG5-, WG6-, WG7- ). 5 (, 2011.11). (direct control) - - AT&C(Aggregate Technical and Commercial) (loss) - - 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 57
나. 스마트그리드로드맵구축,. 2013 8. 2017 8 (MOP, 2013.8). (SCADA, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems), (ERP), (GIS),, (AMI),,,,,,, (MOP, 2013.8).. 2017 (phasor measurement unit) 2017 8 2017 58
2027 10% 2027 2 / / 2027.,,,.. 제 3 장세계스마트그리드시장과주요국현황 59
,,,,,.,.,.,. 4,800 90%,. E-Energy -, 제 4 장논의및결론 61
.. 2014,.,. 2014..,,,.. 2013 5 2015.. 62
.,..,.,,...,..,,,. 제 4 장논의및결론 63
.. State Grid,..,,,...,,,.,.. 64
.,..,,.. 제 4 장논의및결론 65
,,,, 2011.,,,,, 2012.,,, -,, 2011.11.,,,,, 2013.8.30.,,, Bloter.net, 2012. 1.31., 2013, 2013.6., 1, 2012.6. Bdaily, 54m smart grid project completes first pilot stage, 2013. 5.29. BNEF(Bloomberg New Energy Finance), China's energy authority reorganisation: go reform?, Insight, 2013.3.14., Q1 2013 Energy Smart Technologies Market Outlook, 2013.1., Q2 2013 Energy Smart Technologies Market Outlook, 2013.4. 66
, Q3 2013 Energy Smart Technologies Market Outlook, 2013.8., Utilities prep for another Sandy with brains and brawn, 2013.6.19. DECC(Department of Energy and Climate Change), Smart Meters Programme, 2013.5.10. DOE(Department of Energy), Economic Impact of Recovery Act Investments in the Smart Grid, SmartGrid. Gov, 2013.4. EPRI, Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment Requirements for a Fully Functioning Smart Grid, 2011.4. Frost & Sullivan, Billions of Smart Grid Investment Under Threat, 2013.9. GlobalData, Germany s Independence from Nuclear Energy will be Driven by Smart Grid, 2012.8. Innovation Observatory, Smart Grid Technology Investment: Forecasts for 2010-2030, 2011.2. MOP(Ministry of Power, India), Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India, 2013.8.12. Nextgov, Army Plans Widescale Deployment of Energy Smart Meters, 2012.12.14. Pike Research. Military Microgrids, Executive Summary, 2013.1. Reuters, German utilities shun energy shift spend, 2012.8.7. SmartGridNews, First-ever military microgrid demonstration marks next phase in the market, 2013.5.21. 제 4 장논의및결론 67
, Ready for the next Sandy? ConEd spending a cool billion to prepare, 2013.5.31. The White House, "The White Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages, 2013.8.,, 2013.2. 68
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