Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 117 Ratih Pratiwi Anwar * Indonesia is one of the 30 countries (or more) in the world that adopt Saemaul Undong, a spiritual-led rural development movement invented by the late President Park Chung-Hee of South Korea in early 1970s. Yogyakarta Special Region Province in Indonesia can be a part of Saemaul Undong Globalization due to we have sister province cooperation with Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in South Korea since 2003. The flourishing cooperation in national level leads to promising cooperation in local level and we have acquired several benefits from a sound cooperation through Saemaul Undong Movement in Yogyakarta Special Province which started in 2008. This paper aims to convey a reflection from Saeumaul Undong Movement in Indonesia drawn from the perspective of local stakeholders in the aspects namely spiritual foundation, the achievement of the people involved in the programme, lesson learned by the local government, and key success factors behind the current achievement of the Saemaul Undong in the Yogyakarta Special Region Province. Prior to this reflection, I would like to elaborate the main activities, stakeholders involved, and local organization of Saemaul Undong to provide the general views on the current state of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia. The objective of this reflection is to provide an input to various Saemaul Undong Movement stakeholders from both the countries, as it is hoped that this Movement will continue in the future in Indonesia and in other countries as well. * The author is Research and Development Section Chief at the Center for Korean Studies, Gadjah Mada University at Yogyakarta Indonesia. The author also teaches Korean Economy course at Department of Korean Language, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University.
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120 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] Name of Province Area Province of DIY (Indonesia) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) (Yogyakarta Special Region) 3,133 km2 (0.16 % of total area of Indonesia) Gyeongsangbuk-do Province (South Korea) Gyeongsangbuk Gyeongsang) (North 19,025 km2 (19,2 % of total area of South Korea)
Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 121 Big City Yogyakarta City Daegu City Population 3.45 millions 2.7 millions Governor H.E. Sultan Hamengkubuwono X Mr. KIM Kwan Yong Major industries Administrative areas Trade, hotel and restaurant; services; agriculture and manufacturing One municipality and four regencies/districts Tourism, Livestock farming, Agriculture, Mining, dan Manufacturing 10 big cities and 13 regencies Administrative areas Yogyakarta Municipality Kulonprogo District Gunungkidul District Sleman District Bantul District DIY Province Area (%) 1.02 18.40 46.63 18.04 15.91 100 Population (2011) 388,627 388,869 675,382 1,093,110 911,503 3,457,491 GRDP per capita at constant price (Rp million), 2009 Human Development Index, 2010 Percentage of poor people to total population, 2009 13.49 4.60 4.64 5.79 4.10 5.86 78.95 73.77 70.00 77.24 73.38 75.23 3.19 8.56 12.03 3.56 5.39 6.25
122 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] No Name of Subvillages (Hamlet) Population Number of Households Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 Gantiwarno 231 272 503 105 8 113 2 Kampong Kidul 252 243 495 130 8 138 3 Kampong Lor 221 261 472 100 15 115 4 Batusari 452 453 878 202 17 219 5 Pagerjuang 290 288 578 110 7 117 6 Gununggambar 176 183 359 58 8 66 7 Suru 149 142 291 60 2 62 8 Ngawen 233 232 465 97 15 112 9 Gelaran 221 225 446 75 18 93 10 Candi 216 222 438 110 3 113 11 Gudang 230 248 478 89 24 113
Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 123 12 Tempuran Wetan 134 133 267 48 15 63 13 Tempuron Kulon 226 246 472 80 21 101 14 Kaliwaru 322 292 614 125 6 131 15 Kepil 282 288 570 111 4 115 3,600 3,752 7,325 1,496 171 1,667
124 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] No Name of Institutions Number of Members 1 BPD(Badan Perwakilan Desa) 11 2 LPMD(Lembaga Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa) 27 3 PKK (Perkumpulan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) 25 4 Karang Taruna 21 5 RW (Rukun Warga) 15 6 RT (Rukun Tetangga) 64 7 Kelompok Tani 16
Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 125 Program 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Language Training 1 1-2 - Saemaul Undong Training - - 15 20 2 Source: BKPMD Province of DIY, 2011.
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Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 127 Kampung village Ngawen sub district, Gunungkidul Improving village infrastructure (Village Hall and village road) Improving living conditions (provided clean water free of charge) Income generating (cows granting program) Salamrejo village Sentolo sub district, Kulonprogo Improving village infrastructure (Village Office Infrastucture) Improving living conditions (cleaning the drainage) Karangtalun village Imogiri sub district, Sleman Improving village infrastructure (hamlet road)
128 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] Volunteering activities (delivering public health services) Introduction to Korean culture to elementary students Source: BKPM Province of DIY Volunteering activities (delivering public health services) Introduction to Korean culture to elementary students Volunteering activities (delivering public health services) Introduction to Korean culture to elementary students
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130 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] Name of users Activities Training for capacity enhancement of village government officers at Ngawen sub district Training for trainer for facilitator at Ngawen sub district Satu Nama Foundation Training for capacity and motivation enhancement for local youth Source: Miksan, 2011 (8-9). Training for capacity enhancement for Rukun Warga at Ngawen sub district staffs Training for capacity enhancement in communication for women/female YSKK Solo Workshop for utilization and re-use of local industry s waste
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Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 139 REFERENCE Anwar, Ratih Pratiwi. 2010. "The Achievement of Saemaul Undong in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia". Paper presented in the International Symposium on Saemaul Undong. Gyeongju City. Korea. September 29, 2010. Anwar, Ratih Pratiwi. 2011a. "Gerakan Saemaul Undong di Asia: Kasus Tiga Negara Indonesia, Vietnam dan Mongolia" (Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia, Vietnam and Mongolia). Presentation in the Forum of Communication for Saemaul Undong in Province of DIY. Yogyakarta. March 17, 2011. Anwar, Ratih Pratiwi. 2011b. "Social, Cultural and Economic Transformation from Indonesian Labour Migration to South Korea: The Case of Yogyakarta Special Region Province". Research Report on Asian Studies sponsored byposco TJ Park Foundation. South Korea. February 28, 2011. Bapeda Bantul Regency. 2010. "Draft Perubahan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Kabupaten Bantul 2006-2025"(Draft on the change of Long-Term Development Plan of Bantul Regency 2006-2025). BKPM DIY Province. 2010. "The Plan for Utilizing the Aid Program from Korea at Kampung Village 2008-2011". Yogyakarta. September, 2010. BKPM DIY Province. 2011. "Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Kerja Bakti dan Pelayanan Medis Relawan Saemaul Undong Provinsi Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea" (Report of the Saemaul Volunteer Activities from Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Korea). Yogyakarta. August, 2011, BPPM DIY Province. 2010. "Profil Perlindungan Anak dan Perempuan di Propinsi DIY"(Profile of Children and Women Protection in Province of DIY). Yogyakarta. August 2010.
140 ㅣ새마을운동과지역사회연구 [7 집] BPS (Statistics of Kulonprogo Regency). 2010. Kulonprogo in Figures 2010. Kulonprogo. BPS (Statistics of Bantul Regency). 2009. "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Kabupaten Gunungkidul" (Gunungkidul Regency Human Development Index 2009). Gunungkidul. Gunungkidul Regency Government. "Explanation on Accountability Report of Gunungkidul Regent". 2008 and 2009. Heru Suroso. 2011. "Cooperation Plan between DIY Province and Gyeongsangbukdo Province". Presentation in the Forum of Communication for Saemaul Undong in Province of DIY. Yogyakarta. March 17, 2011. Miksan. 2010. "The Progress Report of Saemaul Undong at Batusari Hamlet". Presentation in the Forum of Communication for Saemaul Undong in Province of DIY. Yogyakarta. March 17, 2011. Sajogyo and Pudjiwati Sajogyo. 2007. Rural Sociology. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. January, 2007. Winarto, Agus. 2010. "Segoro Ngamarto". Presentation in the Forum of Communication for Saemaul Undong in Province of DIY. Yogyakarta. March 17, 2011.
Reflection of Saemaul Undong Movement in Indonesia I 141 < 초록> 인도네시아새마을운동의성과에대한일고찰 라띠프라티위안워 인도네시아는세계에서새마을운동을벌이고있는 30 개국가중하나인데, 이새 마을운동은 1970 년대초박정희대통령이시작한농촌개발운동이라고할수있다. 특히인도네시아의족자카르타특별주는새마을운동의세계화를위해 북도와협력관계를맺었다. 2003년경상 국가간이뤄진이협력관계가지역단위로까지이어져 서, 2008년에새마을운동을시작한족자카르타주에서는그로인한많은이점을보 고있다. 이러한점을토대로, 이번연구에서는지역이해관계자, 새마을운동관계자들이 일궈낸성과, 지역정부가주는교훈, 그리고족자카르타주에서의새마을운동주요 성과요인에기초해서인도네시아에서의새마을운동에대한전반적생각을분석하 고자한다. 그에앞서, 인도네시아에서의새마을운동의현상황에대한대략적설명 을통해새마을운동관련주요활동, 관계자들그리고지역새마을단체에대해상 세히서술하고자한다. 이러한분석을통해다양한새마을이해관계자들의생각을보여줌으로써, 새마을 운동이인도네시아뿐아니라다른여러나라에서도계속되길바란다.