시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과 27 대처에대한지속적인교육은필수적이고, 이러한교육을제공함으로서신규간호사의응급상황에대한지식과기술의향상을이룰수있을것이다. 4) 병동에서발생하는응급상황에대한대처교육은전통적으로강의식교육이많았으나, 최근에는비디
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1 한국근거기반간호학회 Korean Society of Evidence-Based Nursing 근거와간호제 3 권제 1 호, 2015 년 12 월 Evidence and Nursing Vol. 3 No. 1, 26-32, 원저 - 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과 최지영 1 이혜정 2 박주연 3 최미옥 3 김은성 3 1 연세대학교세브란스체크업, 2 연세대학교간호대학, 3 연세대학교의과대학세브란스병원간호국 Effects of Simulation-based Emergency Management Education on Nurses knowledge and Clinical Performance Ji Young Choi 1 Hye Jung Lee 2 Ju Yoon Park 3 Mee Ok Choi 3 Eun Sung Kim 3 1 Department of Nursing, Severance Check-up, Seoul; 2 College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul; 3 Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of simulation-based emergency management education on knowledge and clinical performance ability among nurses. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group pre and post-experiment design. Forty nurses were randomly assigned to either the simulation-based education group or the lecturebased education group. Subjects in experimental group participated in the respiratory distress scenario simulation followed by debriefing and subjects in control group received a 20-minute lecture related adult respiratory distress management provided by education nurse. Knowledge and clinical performance ability of nurses were measured using a questionnaire developed for this study. Results: There were no significant differences in two groups in terms of knowledge and clinical performance ability. However, both groups showed a significant increase in clinical performance ability after each educations provided (p<.001, p<.001, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that both simulation-based education and lecture-based education are useful for nurses to improve clinical performance ability regarding respiratory distress emergency situation management. Key words: Simulation-based education, Knowledge, Clinical performance ability 서론 1. 연구의필요성최근병원에입원하는환자의중증도가증가하면서임상간호사의올바른판단과임상대처능력이더욱필요로되고있다. 1) 대부분의신규간호사는간호대학에서배웠던이론적간호지식을실제임상현장에적용하는능력이부족하다. Yoon 2) 은신규간호사가가장 많이경험하는어려움을전문지식과기술부족으로인한시간에대한압박, 정신운동 (psychomotor) 기술부족으로인한긴장, 중환자에대한스트레스로범주화하였고, 스트레스로인한심리적증상으로자존감저하, 절망감, 위축감, 불안과우울이있다고하였다. 특히, 응급상황이익숙하지않은신규간호사는응급상황에대한스트레스, 불안감, 자신감부족등을경험하게되는데, 이는환자의안전과치료결과뿐아니라신규간호사의적응및직업유지에도부정적인영향을준다. 3) 따라서, 신규간호사를대상으로응급상황 주요어 : 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육, 지식, 임상수행능력 Address reprint requests to : Ju Yoon Park Department of Nursing, Severance Hospital, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel : jypark@yuhs.ac 투고일 : 2015 년 8 월 14 일심사의뢰일 : 2015 년 9 월 20 일게재확정일 : 2015 년 11 월 12 일
2 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과 27 대처에대한지속적인교육은필수적이고, 이러한교육을제공함으로서신규간호사의응급상황에대한지식과기술의향상을이룰수있을것이다. 4) 병동에서발생하는응급상황에대한대처교육은전통적으로강의식교육이많았으나, 최근에는비디오를이용한교육, 자가나동료로부터의교육, 컴퓨터를이용한교육, 시뮬레이션을이용한교육등다양한방법이사용되고있다. 5) 강의식교육은간호사에게지식을전달하는측면에서효과적인교육방법이지만, 다양하고복잡한문제가발생하는간호현장에서실제적인간호업무능력을향상시키기는데에는한계가있다. 6) 비디오를이용한교육과자가교육은시간및경제적으로효과적인방법이나, 적절한피드백시스템을가지고있지않은경우가많고, 동료로부터의교육은유능한지도경험을가진동료가교육할경우신뢰할수있고더높은성취감을제공하지만, 7) 동료가강사이다보니때때로실수를눈감아주는문제가있다. 8) 최근많은관심을받고있는시뮬레이션을이용한교육은환자나다른의료진을위험에빠뜨리지않으면서임상실무에대한교육의기회를제공할수있다는장점뿐아니라, 교육생은실패에대한직접적인위험없이실제임상에서일어나면안되는경험을할수있어오히려많은것을배울수있는장점이있다. 9) 또한간호업무능력이미숙한신규간호사나경력이짧은초보간호사에게는실제환자에게상해를가하지않으면서간호중재를시행해볼수있어환자안전문제에대한심리적인부담감을줄이고, 허용된시행착오의과정을통해반복적인학습경험이가능하다는큰장점이있다. 10) Hendrickse 등 11) 의연구에의하면시뮬레이션교육이실제임상에서활용할지식을증대시키는데도움을주고, 의료장비와처치에익숙해지도록한다고하였으며, 시뮬레이션을통하여간호사의불안감이감소되고, 자신감이상승하며, 12) 팀웍이증대될뿐아니라, 장비와치료에대한지식도증가한다고하였다. 13) Kang과 Lee 14) 는신규간호사의직무분석을통해가장긴급도가높은업무로응급간호를제시하면서신규간호사교육과정에꼭필요한분야라고하였다. 또한초보단계의임상수행능력은간호사로서독자적인간호를수행하는데많은제약이되어임상환경에적응하는데더욱어렵게하고, 환자의치료성과에도부정적영향을미치기때문에임상수행능력이강화해야할필요가있다고하였다. 3) 따라서, 본연구에서는일반병동간호사를대상으로병동에서흔히발생하는응급상황인호흡곤란을호소하는환자시뮬레이션을개발하여교육한후응급상황관련지식과임상수행능력에미치는영향을파악하고자하였다. 본연구의결과는병동에서호흡곤란응급상황발생시간호사가보다적절하고신속한대처를할수있는양질의간호를제공하는데도움이되고자하였다. 2. 연구목적본연구는시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이간호사의응급상황대처지식과임상수행능력에미치는영향을파악하기위함이며, 다음의구체적인목적을갖는다. 첫째, 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식에미치는효과를파악한다. 둘째, 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의임상수행능력에미치는효과를파악한다. 3. 연구가설제1가설 : 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육을받은실험군이강의식교육을받은대조군보다응급상황대처에대한지식점수가더많이향상될것이다. 제2가설 : 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육을받은실험군이강의식교육을받은대조군보다응급상황대처에대한임상수행능력점수가더많이향상될것이다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계본연구는시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의응급상황대처에대한지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과를파악하기위한동등성대조군전 후실험설계방법을이용하였다. 2. 연구대상본연구는서울소재 S병원의일반병동간호사를대상자로하였다. 연구대상자의선정기준은총임상경력이 5년미만이고, 일반병동 ( 신경계병동, 소화기내과병동, 기타내과병동 ) 에근무하는간호사였다. 본연구에서성인호흡곤란응급상황대처시뮬레이션교육의효과를평가하고자하였기때문에성인호흡곤란이발생할수있는병원의성인내과병동을선택하였다. 소아과, 외과, 중환자실에근무하는간호사는제외하였다. 연구에참여에동의한총 40 명의대상자는동일계열의간호사가한군에치중되지않도록하기위해동일계열내에서제비뽑기하는무작위층화계층법을이용하여각각실험군과대조군에 20명씩배정하였다. 예를들어, 신경계 2개병동에서각각의병동에서실험군과대조군을무작위배정하였다.
3 28 최지영 이혜정 박주연외 2 인 본연구의대상자수는 G*Power 프로그램을이용하여구하였으며, 유의확률.05, 검정력.80, 효과크기.4를대입하여각그룹의최종대상자수는 20명임을확인하였다. 이는시뮬레이션교육이임상간호사의지식과수행능력에효과적이라고보고한선행연구 15,16) 의결과를근거로하여효과크기.4를대입하였다. 3. 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육과강의식교육본연구의시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육을위하여흡인으로인한호흡곤란이라는응급상황시나리오를이용하였다. 시나리오개발은 2010년미국심장협회가이드라인을근거로하였으며, 호흡기내과병동간호사의자문을얻어본연구팀에서개발하였다. 교수 1인과석사이상의간호사 3명의내용타당도검증을실시하여수정 보완하였다. 시뮬레이션시나리오는샌프란시스코시뮬레이션교육협력기구 (Bay Area Simulation Collaboration) 의시나리오작성양식을사용하였다. 시나리오의주요내용은호흡곤란발생시초기사정과즉각적중재, 중재후호흡곤란의재사정과그결과에따라수행해야하는간호행위로구분되어있다. 시나리오평가시초기사정으로는흡인으로인한호흡기계문제를가진환자를적절히사정할수있는지보기위해의식확인, 호흡횟수및양상, 기침양상, 활력징후측정, 산소포화도모니터링항목을측정하였고, 즉각적중재는흡인으로인한호흡곤란환자를위한적절한간호를평가하기위하여체위, 올바른기도 (airway) 삽입, 흡인 (suction), 모니터확인, 산소투여항목을측정하였다. 중재후호흡곤란의재사정과그결과에따른수행은심폐소생술 (CPR) 및기도삽관상황시적절한간호와치료적인의사소통여부를확인하였다. 강의식교육은 성인에서의흡인성폐렴 을주제로하는 20분간의파워포인트를이용한강의로, 호흡곤란응급상황과대처에대한내용은흡인으로인한응급상황인식및사정, 응급상황시적절한중재, 흡인예방을위한환자및보호자교육, 기도삽관에대한내용을포함하고있다. 4. 연구도구 1) 지식도구일반병실의특성을반영한호흡곤란응급상황대처에대해지식을측정할수있는이용가능한도구가없어, 한국간호사면허시험문제에수록된문제중에서선택하여지식측정을위한질문지를개발하였다. 질문지는 3개영역의총 10문항으로각영역은상기도폐쇄영역 (3문항 ), 흡인과기도유지영역 (4문항 ), 심폐소생술영역 (3 문항 ) 이었고, 사지선다형 (8문항 ) 과중복응답 (2문항 ) 으로구성하였 다. 본질문지의내용타당도를확인하기위해호흡기내과교수 1인, 중환자전문간호사 1인, 응급전문간호사 1인, 호흡기내과경력 10 년이상으로석사학위이상의간호사 2인으로총 5인의전문가에게각문항의적절성에대한내용타당도지수를조사하였다. 지식측정질문지의내용타당도지수는.95로타당도가검증되었다. 각문항에정답을맞힌경우 1점, 틀린경우 0점으로처리하여, 가능한총점은 10점이며, 점수가높을수록호흡곤란응급상황대처에대한지식이많음을의미한다. 2) 임상수행능력도구임상수행능력측정도구는 Kim 17) 이개발한심폐응급간호임상수행능력측정도구를본연구의목적에맞게수정 보완하여사용하였다. 질문지는 4개영역의총 16문항으로이루어져있으며, 각영역은환자상태사정영역 (3문항 ), 모니터링영역 (2문항 ), 산소공급및기도유지영역 (3문항), 심폐소생술및기도삽관영역 (8문항) 이었다. 호흡기내과교수 1인, 중환자전문간호사 1인, 응급전문간호사 1인, 호흡기내과경력 10년이상으로석사이상의간호사 2인에게서받은질문지의내용타당도는.93으로타당하였다. 5. 연구진행절차실험군 20명은각 5명씩총 4개그룹으로나뉘어 1일 2개그룹을대상으로하여, 시뮬레이션교육은총 2일동안진행되었다. 시뮬레이션교육은 Y대학교의과대학임상실기센터내에있는세미나실과실기실에서진행되었다. 우선, 세미나실에서 10명의연구대상자 (2개그룹 ) 에게연구에대한자세한설명을제공하고연구에참여하기로한대상자는연구동의서를작성하게하였다. 동의서를작성한대상자는지식과임상수행능력질문지를작성하였고, 그후심맨 (SimMan) 이있는실기실로장소를옮겨시뮬레이션에대한전체적인오리엔테이션을받았다. 시뮬레이션의촉진자 (facilitator) 는중환자계와호흡기내과에서임상경력 15년이상이면서, 시뮬레이션교육을받은경험이있는간호사 1인담당하였다. 실험군 10명은 1그룹 (5명 ) 과 2그룹 (5명 ) 으로나뉘어시뮬레이션에참여하였고, 우선 1 그룹이시뮬레이션실습을하는동안 2그룹은실기실밖에서관찰을하게하였고, 2그룹이시뮬레이션실습에참여하는동안 1그룹은다시 2그룹의시뮬레이션실습을관찰하도록하였다. 시뮬레이션교육은그룹당 15분이소요되었다. 2그룹의시뮬레이션종료후 10명모두다시세미나실로이동하여각그룹의시뮬레이션상황을녹화한영상을보면서촉진자의지도에따라디브리핑에참여하였다. 모든실험과정이끝난후지식과임상수행능력질문지를다시작성하도록하였다.
4 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과 29 대조군은실험군의교육일정전에 1일동안오전과오후로나뉘어각각 10명씩강의식교육을받았다. 우선, 연구에대한자세한설명을제공하고, 연구동의서를작성한대상자에게교육전지식과임상수행능력질문지에응답하게하였다. 이어서 1인의교육간호사가 20분동안호흡곤란응급상황과대처에관한강의를제공한후다시지식과임상수행능력질문지를작성하게하였고이와같은과정을오전과오후 2회진행하였다. 6. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS 20.0 프로그램을사용하여분석하였으며, 대상자의일반적특성은실수와백분율, 평균과표준편차로분석하였고, 실험군과대조군의동질성은 Chi-square test로검증하였다. 시뮬레이션교육의효과를분석하기위해각그룹의지식과임상수행능력의사전과사후점수차이를계산하여두그룹독립 t-test를하였고, 각각의교육방법의효과를평가하기위해교육전과후의지식과임상수행능력의점수를이용하여대응 t-test 로분석하였다. 7. 윤리적고려본연구는병원연구윤리심의위원회로부터승인 (IRB No ) 을받은후진행하였다. 연구대상자에게는주연구자가직접연구의목적을설명한후연구참여동의를구하였으며, 참여여부는대상자의자율적인의사에따르는것임을강조하였다. 설문조사의전과정에서무기명을유지하고모든개인적인자료는외부에노출되지않도록하였으며, 설문조사의중단은대상자가결정할수있었으며불성실한답변자에게답변을강요하지않았다. 연구결과 1. 대상자의일반적특성및동질성검증실험군과대조군의일반적특성은 Table 1과같으며, 유의한차이를보인변수는없었다. 실험군의평균연령은 24.7±1.94 세였으며, 대조군의평균연령은 24.7±2.35 세였고, 두그룹의연령대별비교는유의한차이가없었다 (p=.705). 실험군의학력은 3년제대학 1명 (5.0%) 이었으며, 대조군은 2명 (10%) 으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=.548). 실험군의총임상경력은 1년미만이 6명 (30%), 2년미만이 5명 (25%), 3 년미만이 5명 (25%), 4년미만이 2명 (10%), 그리고 4년이상이 2명 (10%) 이었으며, 대조군은 1년미만이 12명 (60%), 2년미만이 3명 (15%), 3년미만이 0명 (0%), 4년미만이 1명 (5%), 그리고 4년이상이 4명 (20%) Table 1. Comparison between Experimental and Control Group (N=40) Characteristics 으로두그룹은차이가없었다 (p=.075). 두그룹모두에서임상경력 3년미만의간호사가각각 80% 에해당하여, 경력이짧은간호사가대다수였다. 두그룹의결혼상태 (p=.072) 와종교 (p=.752) 에서도유의한차이가없었다. 2. 가설검증 Categories Experimental group (n=20) n (%) or Mean±SD Control group (n=20) n (%) or Mean±SD Age 24.7 (1.94) 24.7 (2.35) Education Clinical experience (year) Marital status Religion 20~25 26~30 <30 College University <1 1~2 2~3 3~4 <4 Single Married Yes No 0 ( 0 ) 1 (5.0) 19 (95.0) 6 (30.0) 5 (25.0) 5 (25.0) 2 (10.0) 2 (10.0) 20 (100) 0 (0) 9 (45.0) 1 (5.0) 2 (10.0) 18 (90.0) 12 (60.0) 3 (15.0) 0 (0) 1 (5.0) 4 (20.0) 17 (85.0) 3 (15.0) 9 (45.0) 11 (55.0) χ 2 or t 본연구에서제1가설인 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육을받은실험군이강의식교육을받은대조군보다응급상황대처에대한지식점수가더많이향상될것이다 는지지되지않았다 (Table 2). 실험군과대조군의중재전후총점수차이의평균은실험군은 0.40 점 (SD±1.78) 이었고, 대조군은 -0.45점 (SD±0.99 점 ) 으로두군간의유의한차이는없었다 (t=-0.14, p=.88). 하위항목인상기도폐쇄 (t=-0.53, p=.59), 기도유지와흡인 (t=0.00, p=1.00), 심폐소생술과기도삽관에서도모두유의한차이를보이지않았다. 본연구의제2가설인 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육을받은실험군이강의식교육을받은대조군보다응급상황대처에대한임상수행능력점수가더많이향상될것이다 는지지되지않았다 (Table 2). 실험군과대조군에서중재전후총점수차이의평균은실험군은 6.15점 (SD±8.91) 이고, 대조군은 5.85점 (SD±6.94 점 ) 으로실험군의평균점수에서더향상이있었으나, 통계적으로유의한차이는없었다 (t=-0.11, p=.90). 하위항목인환자사정 (t=-0.24, p=.08), 모니터링 (t= 0.52, p=.60), 산소공급및기도유지 (t=-0.91, p=.36), 심폐소생술과기도삽관준비 (t=0.15, p=.87) 모두에서유의한차이가없었다. p
5 30 최지영 이혜정 박주연외 2 인 Table2. Comparison of Knowledge and Clinical Performance Ability differences between Before and After Interventions (N=40) Variable Subgroup Experimental group (n=20) Control group (n=20) Pre Post Difference t (p) Pre Post Difference t (p) Knowledge Airway obstruction 1.60± ± ± (.09) 1.70± ± ± (1.00) Clinical performance ability *p<.05, **p<.001 Airway & aspiration 2.20± ± ± (.39) 1.95± ± ± (.83) CPR & intubation preparation 2.40± ± ± (.54) 2.45± ± ± (.16) Total 6.20± ± ± (.33) 6.10± ± ± (.58) Patient assessment 12.10± ± ± (.16) 12.70± ± ± (.08) Monitoring 7.95± ± ± (.19) 8.35± ± ± (.05*) O2 apply & airway 11.50± ± ± (.02*) 12.90± ± ± (.01*) CPR & intubation 27.20± ± ± (.01*) 28.60± ± ± (.00**) preparation Total 57.10± ± ± (.00**) 62.60± ± ± (.00**) t p 3. 각그룹의교육중재전 후지식과임상수행능력의비교본연구에서시뮬레이션기반교육을받은그룹과강의식교육을받은그룹에서지식과임상수행능력에유의한차이가없었기에, 각그룹의중재전 후의차이에대한추가분석을시행하였다 (Table 2). 실험군과대조군의각각의그룹별로시뮬레이션기반교육이나강의식교육이효과적이었는지확인하기위해대응 t-test 를시행한결과, 시뮬레이션기반교육의실험군은지식은유의하지않았으나 (t=-1.00, p=.33), 임상수행능력은 6.15점 (SD±8.91 점 ) 의유의한증가를보였다 (t =-3.57, p=.00). 임상수행능력에서특히산소공급과기도유지항목 (t=-2.51, p=.02) 과심폐소생술과기도삽관준비항목 (t=-2.82, p=.01) 에서유의한증가를보였다 (Table2). 강의식교육을받은대조군도지식점수에서는유의한차이가없었으나 (t=2.01, p=0.58), 임상수행능력은 5.85점 (SD±6.94 점 ) 의유의한증가를보였다 (t=-3.76, p <.001). 모니터링 (t=-2.05, p=.05), 산소공급및기도유지 (t=-2.59, p=.01), 심폐소생술과기도삽관준비 (t=-3.55, p <.001) 의하위항목에서모두유의한증가가있었다. 논의본연구는임상간호사를대상으로일반병동에서종종발생할수있는호흡곤란응급상황대처에대한교육을시뮬레이션기반교육과일반강의식교육을적용하여간호사응급상화대처에대한지식과임상수행능력향상정도를비교한실험연구이다. 간호역량의개발을위해서는지속적인임상경험이요구되지만, 임상에서간호의대상이되는환자는임상경험중실수가용납되지않는존재이다. 이러한현실적문제를해결하기위해시뮬레이션 을이용한교육의장점이부각되었고많은연구에서그효과가보고되고있다. 그러나많은시뮬레이션연구는심폐소생과관련된응급간호를주제로하고있어, 응급상황을야기할수있는호흡곤란의상황을이용한시뮬레이션연구는거의없는실정이다. 따라서, 본연구에서우리나라임상병동상황에맞는시나리오학습내용을개발하여, 그효과를평가하고자하였다. 병동에서종종경험하는성인환자의호흡곤란응급상황간호라는점과현재병동에서일하고있는호흡곤란응급상황을경험이적을것으로기대되는경력 5년미만의간호사를대상으로시뮬레이션기반교육을제공하고그효과를평가했다는점에서의의가있다. 본연구에서시뮬레이션교육을제공받은실험군과강의식교육을제공받은대조군의실험전 후지식점수차이는통계적으로유의하지않았다. Chang 등 18) 의연구에서도중환자실에근무하는신규간호사들을대상으로응급상황이론과시뮬레이션교육을받은실험군과이론교육만을받은대조군의중재후응급상황관련지식점수의차이가없다고보고하여본연구결과와비슷하였다. Chang 등 18) 은대상자의심폐소생과관련된교육을받은시기와신규간호사에게제공되는오리엔테이션이대상자의지식에영향을주는것으로생각하여, 대상자의일반적특성에대한좀더세분화된동질성검증이필요하다고제언하였다. 그러나본연구에서시뮬레이션기반교육이강의식교육보다효과적이지는않았고, 시뮬레이션기반교육을받은후에도지식이향상되지않아, 시뮬레이션기반교육이관련지식의향상을가져온다는다른연구 11,17,19,20) 결과와일치하지않았다. 이는본연구에서사용한지식측정도구의문항이한국간호사면허시험문제로부터선택한 10문항으로, 전문가로부터내용타당도검증을받았음에도불구하고시뮬레이션기반교육내용을잘반영하지못했을가능성이있다. 또한단지 10문항으로문항수
6 시뮬레이션기반응급상황대처교육이병동간호사의지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과 31 가적어간호사의교육관련지식을측정하는데문항선택편중의제한점을생각해볼수있다. 향후표준화된시뮬레이션시나리오와그효과를측정하기위한도구의개발이필요할것으로보인다. 본연구에는응급상황대처시뮬레이션기반교육이강의식교육보다효과적이지는않았으나, 시뮬레이션이나강의식교육모두임상수행능력에서유의한향상을보였다. 이는시뮬레이션기반교육이임상수행능력의향상을가져온다는다른연구결과와일치하였다. 3,10,21) 또한, 국내연구인시뮬레이션기반호흡곤란응급관리실습이간호학생의임상수행능력을전과비교하여교육후에유의하게증가하였다는결과를보고한 Kim 등 17) 의연구결과와도일치하였다. 그러나흥미롭게도강의식교육을받은간호사도응급상화대처의임상수행능력이향상되었고, 산소공급및기도유지와심폐소생술과기도삽관의하위영역은시뮬레이션기반교육이나강의식교육모두에서향상되었다. 이는현재임상에서이루어지고있는이론중심의강의식교육도임상수행능력의향상을가져온다고볼수있어시뮬레이션교육이불가할경우강의식교육으로도비슷한효과를가져올수있을것으로보인다. 이는또한최근고가의시뮬레이션장비에대한관심이증가하고있으나, 제공되는교육방법과상관없이임상수행능력이향상되어간호사의지속적인교육의중요성을확인하였으며, 다양한교육방법을고안할필요가있음을알수있다. 이상의결과로본연구에서는시뮬레이션기반교육과강의식교육모두호흡곤란응급상화대처의지식향상에는효과가없었으나, 임상수행능력의향상에유의한차이를보여, 향후병동간호사의응급상황대처능력을향상시키고자할때선택할수있는적절한교육방법을제시하였다. 그러나반복연구를통해시뮬레이션기반교육이간호사의지식향상에미치는효과를재평가하는것이필요하며, 시뮬레이션과이론교육을병합한다른교육방법의고안이필요할것으로보인다. 간호교육에있어서계획한교육목표를달성하기위해교육대상자, 즉간호사와교육의목적에따라가장효과적인교육방법을선택하는것이필요할것으로생각된다. 그러나본연구는일개병원의간호사를대상으로하였기때문에본연구결과를일반화하는데신중을기해야하며, 시뮬레이션교육의임상수행능력향상의단기적인효과만을측정하였기때문에추후장기적인효과를평가하는연구가필요할것이다. 또한임상경력 5년미만의간호사를대상으로하였으나, 신규와경력간호사를대상으로구분하여연구하여경력에맞는효과적인교육방법을찾는연구는의의가있을것으로보인다. 결론및제언본연구는일대학병원의 5년미만임상경력의간호사를대상으 로심맨 (SimMan) 시뮬레이터를이용한호흡곤란응급상황대처교육과강의식교육이응급상화대처관련지식과임상수행능력에미치는효과를분석하기위해동등성대조군전 후실험설계방법을이용하여실시하였다. 연구결과, 시뮬레이션교육을받은간호사와강의식교육을받은간호사의응급상황대처에대한지식과임상수행능력향상에서는유의한차이가없었다. 그러나시뮬레이션기반교육이나강의식교육을받은각각의군에서교육전과비교하여교육후임상수행능력에서는유의한향상이있었다. 특히, 하위영역인산소공급과기도유지와심폐소생술과기도삽관준비에서유의한향상을보였다. 본연구에서는경력 5년미만간호사만을대상으로하였기때문에다양한경력의간호사를대상으로하는반복연구를제언한다. 또한호흡곤란시뮬레이션시나리오와같은실제임상과비슷한다양한상황을경험할수있는시나리오와교육후지식향상을측정할수있는표준화된도구개발에대한추후연구가필요함을제언한다. REFERENCES 1. Bremner MN, Aduddell K, Bennett DN, VanGeest JB. The use of human patient simulators best practices with novice nursing students. JNE. 2006;31: Yoon SH. A study on new graduate nurses Clinical Experience of Adaptation. JKANA. 2002;8: Ackermann AD, Kenny G, Walker C. Simulator programs for new nurses orientation. JNSD. 2007;23: Medley CF, Horne C. Using simulation technology for undergradurate nursing education. JNE. 2005;44: Hamilton R. Nurses knowledge and skill retention following cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: a review of the literature. JAN. 2005; 51: Ragsdale MA, Mueller J. Plan, Do, Study, Act model to improve an orientation program. JNCQ.2005;20: Perkins GD, Hulme J, Bion JF. Peer-led resuscitation training for healthcare students: a randomized controlled study. ICM. 2002;28: Lester C, Weston C, Donnelly P. The Heartstart school programme: teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation to schoolchildren. HEA. 1994;53: Perkins GD. Simulation in resuscitation training. Elsevier Science. 2007:73: Turcato N, Robertson C, Covert K. Simulation-based education: What s in it for nurse anesthesia educators. AANA. 2008;76: Hendrickse AD, Ellis SM, Morris RW. Use of simulated technology in Australian defence force resuscitation. JRAMC. 2001;147: Hoadley TA. Nursing advanced cardiac life support : a comparison study of the effect of Low-and High-Fidelity Simulation. NEP. 2009;30: Hur HK, Choi HO, Jung JS, Kang HW, Kim GY. Influence of Simula-
7 32 최지영 이혜정 박주연외 2 인 tion-based practice on Emergency Care for Patients with Dyspnea on Learning Outcomes in Nursing Students. JKCCN. 2012;5: Kang IW, Lee EJ. A Study on new nurses job analysis for improvement of efficiently nursing educational curriculum. JG. 2001:29: Back CY. Effects of simulation=based training on the critical care nurse s competence of advanced cardiac life support. JKCCN. 2008;1: Cho SS. The Effects of Simulation-based Infection Control Training on the Intensive Care Unit Nurses Perception, Clinical Performance, and Self-Efficacy of Infection Control. JKCNR. 2012;18: Kim YH, Chang KS. Effects of a simulated-based education on cardiopulmonary emergency care knowledge, clinical performance ability and problem solving process in new nurses. JKAN. 2011;41: Chang S, Kwon E, Kwon YO, Kwon HK. The effects of simulation training for new graduate critical care nurses on knowledge, self-efficacy, and performance ability of emergency situations at intensive care unit. JKAAN. 2010;22: Crofts JF, Draycott TJ, Winter C, Hunt LP, Akande VA. Change in knowledge of midwives and obstetricians following obstetric emergency training: a randomized controlled trial of local hospital, simulation centre and teamwork training. IJGO. 2007;114: Yang JJ. Development and evaluation of a simulation-based education course for nursing students. JKAAN. 2008;20: Chen PT, Cheng HW, Yen CR, Yin IW, Huang YC, Wang CC, et al. Instructor-based real-time multimedia medical simulation to update concepts of difficult airway management for experienced airway practitioners. JCMA. 2007;71: Back CY. Effects of advanced cardiac life support simulation-based training on nurses competence in critical care setting. [master s thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University; Bond WF, Spillance I. The use of simulation for emergency medicine resident assessment. AEM. 2002;9: Flisher D. Improving nurses resuscitation skills. NS. 1992;2: Ham YR. Development and evaluation of a simulation educational program using a high-fieldity patient simulator for undergraduate nursing students. [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei Univ.; 2009: Kang H, Hur HK. Development of a simulation scenario on emergency nursing care of dyspnea patients, JKCCN. 2010;3: Ko IS, Kim HS, Kim IS, Kim SS, Oh EG, Kim EJ, et al. Development of scenario and evaluation for simulation learning of care for patients with asthma in emergency units. JKAFN. 2010;17: Lapkin S, Fernandez R, Levett-Jones T, Bellchambers H. The effectiveness of nursing human patient simulation manikins in the teaching of clinical reasoning skills to undergraduate nursing students: a systematic review. JBISR. 2010;8: Lee SJ, Rho YS, Kim JO, Jang KI, Ryoo EN, Park YM. Comparison of multi-mode simulation and SimMan simulation on evaluation of nursing care for patients with dyspnea. JKACNE. 2010;16: Murray C, Grant MJ, Howarth ML, Leigh J. The Use of Simulation as a Teaching and Learning Approach to support Practice Learning. JNE 2008;8: [accessed on 1 October, 2012] 31. Rystedt H, Lindstrom B. Introducing simulation technologies in nurse education. NEP. 2001;1: Cho SS, Kim KM, Lee BY, Park SA. The effects of simulation-based Infection Control Training on the Intensive Care Unit Nurses Perception, Clinical Performance, and Self-Efficac of Infection Control. JKCNR. 2012;18:
246 김윤희 장금성 강의식교육은 신규간호사에게 지식전달 면에서는 효과적인 교 육방법이지만 복잡하고 다양한 문제가 발생하는 간호현장 내 실제 적인 간호업무능력을 향상하는 데는 한계가 있다(Ragsadale & Mueller, 2005). 따라서 이미 습득한 이론적 지식
대한간호학회지 제41권 제2호, 2011년 4월 J Korean Acad Nurs Vol.41 No.2, 245-255 시뮬레이션기반 심폐응급간호교육이 신규간호사의 지식, 임상수행능력 및 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과 김윤희 1 장금성 2 1 동신대학교 간호학과 전임강사, 2 전남대학교 간호대학 교수 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 Effect of a Simulation-based
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Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
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