43-4대지06구양미ok

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1 The Structural and Spatial Characteristics of the Actor Networks of the Industries for the Elderly: Based on the Social Network Analysis* Yangmi Koo** Abstract Based on the social network analysis(sna), this study examines the structural and spatial characteristics of the actor networks of the manufacturing industries for the elderly. In the field of economic geography, former researches on network have mainly focused on the network governance. However, this study focused on the social network analysis. Centrality indexes are used to analyze the topological structure of actor networks of firms and organizations. In order to investigate the spatial structure of actor networks, not only the regional distribution of actors but also the correlation between centrality index and distance are analyzed. Network matrixes among actors are transformed to network matrixes among regions using block modeling method to reveal the spatial characteristics of the actor networks. In spite of the importance of the Capital Region, networks in the non-capital Region like Chungnam and Pusan were showed high network density. This suggested that some kinds of policy project operating in the non-capital Region had the influence on this network in the initial stage of industry. : actor, network, industries for the elderly, social network analysis, centrality, block modeling POST-DOC (Post-Doc, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements), yangmi@snu.ac.kr 526

2 Agequake the era of population aging actor new network paradigm Dicken et al Pekkarinen and Harmaakorpi 2006 social network analysis: SNA GIS Johnston et al graph theory node line 527

3 Smith 2003 Shin and Timberlake 2000 SNA SNA 1990 new economic geography Granovetter 1985 Coleman 1988 Boggs and Rantisi 2003 Barnes 2001 Ettlinger 2001 Murphy 2003 Grabher 2006 untraded interdependence collective learning learning region Amin 199 institutional thickness McLeod 1997 Keeble et al in the air being there Gertler Marshall industrial atmosphere pervasive unstructured Giuliani 2007 Grabher 2006 network governance approach social network approach SNA 528

4 Grabher SNA Giuliani 2007 evolutionary economic geography selective uneven 2000 Dicken et al Murphy 2003 Ettlinger 2003 Giuliani 2007 Grabher 2006 Murdoch 1998 Dicken et al intentionality agency 2000 SNA Pekkarinen and Harmaakorpi 2006 Lahti SNA Giuliani 2007 SNA SNA SNA Boschma and Frenken 2007 SNA SNA SNA topological structure spatial structure 529

5 2002 SNA affiliation matrix case-by-affiliation case-bycase adjacency matrix SNA 530

6 NetMiner 3 0 centrality (Mizruchi and Marquis 2006 Freeman 1979 degree centrality closeness centrality betweenness centrality eigenvector centrality 4 2 j k i j eigenvector SNA block modeling

7 2003 structural equivalence 1 A a B b C a D b A B C D A D a b 3 a b Firm ID b

8 19 3 b 1 OA18 RIS 2 3 OA OA01 OA13 OA15 OA18 RIS ID OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA OA ID 533

9 OA ID b Kolmogorov-Smirnov

10 Spearman rho RIS

11 N N N N Spearman a 6 4 b 536

12 SNA SMI E-I 5 SMI segregation matrix index 1 1 SMI 0 SMI 1 SMI= 1 E-I externalinternal index 1 1 Krackhardt and Stern 1998 E-I 1 E-I 1 n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

13 a 2 5 a b SMI E-I E-I SMI SMI E-I 538

14 n 241 n 76 1 n ( (3286 n ( (984 2 n ( (573 n ( (170 3 n ( (129 n ( (56 SMI1 E-I n 42 n 28 n n SMI E-I SMI E-I A B B A A B B A SMI B SMI E-I A 0 B

15 A n 26 B n 44 A n B n SMI E-I A B localization co-location SNA SNA SNA 540

16 newly emerging industry Boschma 1997 territorial embeddedness network embeddedness Hess positional approach relational approach Freeman Cyram 2007 n n-1 i C i n-1 d ij i j g g- 1 n C i g-1 j 1-1 d ij g jk j k g jk i j k j k i g g-2 g-1 2 C j 1 g jk i g jk i g-2 g-1 2 C i i C j j i j 0 1 i j eigenvalue 1 n C i a ij C i j RIS RIS project

17 4 30 Pearson 30 Spearman Kendall tau Spearman Pearson 5 Cyram 2007 SMI SMI 0 SMI 0 SMI 1 SMI 1 D AA -D AB SMI D D xy x y AA D AB E-I E-I 0 E-I 0 E-I 1 E-I 1 EL-IL EL IL E- I EL IL Amin, A., 1999, An institutionalist perspective on regional economic development, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23(2), Barnes, T. J., 2001, Retheorizing economic geography: from the quantitative revolution to the cultural turn, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(3), Bathelt, H. and Glückler, J., 2003, Toward a relational economic geography, Journal of Economic Geography, 3(2), Boggs, J. S. and Rantisi, N. M., 2003, The relational turn in economic geography, Journal of Economic Geography, 3(2), Boschma, R. A., 1997, New industries and windows of locational opportunity: a long-term analysis of Belgium, Erdkunde, 51(1), Boschma, R. A. and Frenken, K., 2007, Introduction: applications of evolutionary economic geography, in Frenken, K. (ed.), Applied Evolutionary Economics and Economic Geography, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton, Coleman, J. S., 1988, Social capital in the creation of human capital, American Journal of Sociology, 94 Supplement, S95-S120. Cyram, 2007, NetMiner 3 User s Guide, Cyram Co., Ltd. Dicken, P., Kelly, P. F., Olds, K., and Yeung, H. W., 2001, Chains and Networks, Territories and Scales: Towards a Relational Framework for Analysing the Global Economy, Global Networks, 1(2), Ettlinger, N., 2001, A relational perspective in economic geography: connecting competitiveness with diversity and difference, Antipode, 33(2), Ettlinger, N., 2003, Cultural economic geography and a 542

18 relational and microspace approach to trusts, rationalities, networks, and change in collaborative workplaces, Journal of Economic Geography, 3(2), Freeman, L. C., 1979, Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification, Social Networks, 1(3), Gertler, M. S., 1995, Being there : proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, Economic Geography, 71(1), Gertler, M. S., 2003, Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there), Journal of Economic Geography, 3(1), Giuliani, E., 2007, The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: evidence from the wine industry, Journal of Economic Geography, 7(1), Glückler, J., 2007, Economic Geography and the evolution of networks, Journal of Economic Geography, 7(5), Grabher, G., 2006, Trading routes, bypasses, and risky intersections: mapping the travels of networks between economic sociology and economic geography, Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), Granovetter, M., 1985, Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness, American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), Hess, M., 2004, Spatial relationships? towards a reconceptualization of embeddedness, Progress in Human Geography, 28(2), Johnston, R. J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., and Watts, M. (eds.), 2000, The Dictionary of Human Geography (4th Edition), Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK. Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Moore, B., and Wilkinson, F., 1999, Collective learning processes networking and institutional thickness in the Cambridge region, Regional Studies, 33(4), Krackhardt, D. and Stern, R. N., 1998, Informal networks and organizational crises: an experimental simulation, Social Psychology Quarterly, 51(2), McLeod, G., 1997, Institutional thickness and industrial governance in Lowland Scotland, Area, 29(4), Mizruchi, M. S. and Marquis, C., 2006, Egocentric, sociocentric, or dyadic? identifying the appropriate level of analysis in the study of organizational networks, Social Networks, 28(3), Murdoch, J., 1998, The spaces of actor-network theory, Geoforum, 29(4), Murphy, J. T., 2003, Social space and industrial development in East Africa: deconstructing the logics of industry networks in Mwanza, Tanzania, Journal of Economic Geography, 3(2), Pekkarinen, S. and Harmaakorpi, V., 2006, Building regional innovation networks: the definition of an age business core process in a regional innovation system, Regional Studies, 40(4), Shin, K-H and Timberlake, M., 2000, World cities in Asia: cliques, centrality and connectedness, Urban Studies, 37(12), Smith, R. G., 2003, World city actor-networks, Progress in Human Geography, 27(1), yangmi@snu.ac.kr Correspondence: Yangmi Koo, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, , Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, , Korea ( yangmi@snu.ac.kr, phone: , fax: ) 543

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¨ë Áö¸®ÇÐÈ¸Áö-¼Û°æ¾ðOK Industrial and Innovation Networks of the Long-live Area of Honam Region* Sam Ock Park**Kyung Un Song***Eun Jin Jeong**** AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze industrial and innovation networks