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1 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.6, June (2016), pp 저소득층부모의임파워먼트프로그램개발과평가최나영 요약 본연구는저소득층부모를대상으로하여주과정회의임파워먼트프로그램을개발하고이를적용하여자기효능과대인관계능력수행태도에미치는효과를검증하고자시도하였다본연구는비동등성대조군전후실험설계이었다연구대상자는도소재사회복지기관이나지역아동센터에저소득층가정으로등록된부모중에연구의목적을이해하고자발적으로연구참여에동의한자로하였다자료조사과정과프로그램진행과정에서탈락한자를제외하고실험군명대조군명의대상자로총명의자료를분석하였다자료분석은을이용하여대상자의일반적특성은빈도백분율평균과표준편차를이용하였고실험군과대조군의일반적특성과변수인자기효능감대인관계능력수행태도의검정은를이용하여분석하였다임파워먼트중재후실험군의자기효능감대인관계능력수행태도등이대조군에비하여유의하게증가하였다그러므로본연구결과는결과적으로저소득층의대인관계능력을강화시키는임파워먼트프로그램이자기효능감대인관계능력수행태도강화시키기에적합한중재임을보여주고있다핵심어저소득층부모임파워먼트자기효능감대인관계능력 Abstract This study was aimed to develope the empowerment program for five-week, ten-session on low-income parents and to testify the effectiveness of self-efficacy, interpersonal relationship and practice attitude. This research was conducted using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 55 low-income parents(experimental group: 27, control group: 28) at social welfare center or community child center in K-do. They understood the purpose of research and signed to participate this research. Data were analyzed general characteristics, self-efficacy, Interpersonal relationship and practice attitude using the X 2 test and t-test with SPSS/WIN20.0 program. Results show that self-efficacy, interpersonal relationship and practice attitude were significantly better in experimental group compared to the control group. This study indicate that the empowerment program for low-income parents is effective for improving self-efficacy, interpersonal relationship and practice attitude. Keywords : Low-income, Parents, Empowerment, Self-efficacy, Interpersonal relationship Received (April 18, 2016), Review Result (May 2, 2016) Accepted (May 10, 2016), Published (June 30, 2016) ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 329

2 서론 연구의필요성 우리나라의국민기초생활보급수급자는 년에는 만천가구였으나 년 월말에는 만 천가구로보고되어저소득층의수는계속증가하고있음을알수있다 또한빈부격차의심화로 인한상대적빈곤율은 로 국가기준평균인 에비해높게나타난다 저소득층가정의경제적어려움은그부모들에게자존감의저하를가져오고자녀들에게는방임에 노출될가능성을높이고있다 또한지역사회의열악한환경경제적어려움으로인한높은스트레 스갈등적가족관계역기능적부모자녀관계양육활동부족만성질병이나알코올중독가정폭력등 다양한문제가복잡하게나타나고있다 또한저소득층가정의자녀는품행장애와행동문제우 울증낮은자존감빈약한사회적적응력을보이며 심리적불안을보이고소극적태도긴장불 안감등은학업성취와행동발달에도부정적영향을미친다 저소득가정의부적합한환경은스트레 스에취약하게만들어문제행동을야기하고 아동의발달과복지측면에심각한영향을미치며가정 의경제적어려움은부모의양육에도부정적인영향을미친다고한다 저소득층부부는관계긴장과갈등이증가하고비일관적이고비온정적인양육행동을표출하며자녀 교육에대한기대와관여도낮아져 생애발달의기본과업을수행해야하는아동기에미치는영 향력은더욱크게나타난다 아동기의문제는일시적인것이아니라지속적이고문제가해결되지 않으면청소년기의비행이나일탈로나타나며성인기에까지영향을미칠수있다 따라서저소득 층가정의부모에게그들의자존감을높이고자녀양육의기능을증가시킬수있는적극적인교육프로 그램의중재의개발과적용은이러한많은문제해결에매우필요하다고볼수있다 임파워먼트는타인에대하여통제권위영향력을소유할뿐아니라자신의삶을통제할수있도록 돕는것으로 저소득층가족에게이러한임파워먼트프로그램의적용은무력한상태에있던사람들 이힘 를가지게되거나 사람들이자신의삶의조건에대해더많은통제권을가지게될수 있다 그러므로본연구는저소득층부모를대상으로임파워먼트프로그램을개발하고이를적용하여자 기효능감대인관계능력수행태도에미치는효과의정도를파악하고자시도하였다 연구목적 본연구의목적은저소득층부모를위한임파워먼트프로그램을개발하고그효과를검정하기위함이다본연구의구체적인목적은다음과같다첫째저소득층부모를위한임파워먼트프로그램을개발한다둘째개발된임파워먼트프로그램을저소득층부모에게적용하여그효과를검정한다 연구가설 가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다자기효능감점수가높을것이다 330 Copyright 2016 HSST

3 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.6, June (2016) 가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다대인관계점수가높을것이다가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다수행태도점수가높을것이다 연구설계 연구방법 본연구는저소득층부모에게제공한임파워먼트프로그램이부모의자기효능감대인관계능력과수행태도에미치는효과를규명하기위한비동등성대조군전후실험설계이다 표 연구설계 연구대상 본연구의대상자는도소재의사회복지기관이나지역아동센터에등록된저소득층부모로구체적인선정기준은다음과같다첫째기초생활수급자둘째의사소통에장애가없는자셋째집단프로그램에참여가가능한자넷째연구의목적을이해하고자발적으로연구참여하기로서면동의서를작성한자로실험군명대조군명을대상자로선정하였다연구진행중에개인사정으로명이탈락하여실험군명대조군명으로총명의자료를분석에이용하였다 자료수집방법 본연구자는연구를시작하기전에도의사회복지기관과지역아동센터를미리방문하여기초생활수급자중에프로그램참여가가능한부모를선정하였다도소재의사회복지기관이나지역아동센터에등록되고연구의목적을이해하고자발적으로연구참여에동의하여서면동의서를작성한저소득층부모에게프로그램적용전에자기효능감대인관계수행태도의사전조사를시행하고년월일부터월일까지주간의임파워먼트프로그램을진행한후에사후자료수집을조사하였다연구자는조사자간의오차를최소화하기위해연구보조원명에게자료수집방법과절차에관한사전훈련을시간동안실시하였으며맹검법을사용하여연구보조원이실험군과대조군을구별하지못하도록하였다실험군에게적용된임파워먼트프로그램은대상자의요구도조사와임파워먼트중재선행연구를근거로회분의총주의임파워먼트프로그램을연구자가개발하여타당도를검증하기위해간호학과교수인에게내용과방법에대한타당도를검증받고수정 보완하였다우선임파워먼트 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 331

4 의가지주요속성인자기통제자기효능감지식과기술의교육적극적인참여사회적지지를중재의전략으로구성하였으며연구자의강의와명의소그룹활동과토의방법을사용하였다구성원들의적극적인참여를독려하였고스스로출석부에사인하도록하였으며가장적극적이며활발한의견을보인사람에게프로그램마지막날에상품을시상하였다대상자들은교육후에정보를바탕으로자신의문제를발견하고해결책을스스로모색하였다 표 임파워먼트프로그램세부내용 자료분석방법 연구의자료분석은 을이용하여대상자의일반적특성은빈도백분율평균 과표준편차를이용하였고실험군과대조군의일반적특성과변수인자기효능감대인관계능력수행 태도의사전동질성검정은 를이용하여분석하였으며통계적유의수준은 에서 채택하였다 대상자의동질성검정 연구결과 본연구대상자인실험군과대조군간의성별나이학력결혼상태종교유무등의일반적특성은통계적으로유의한차이가없는것으로나타났다또한임파워먼트프로그램을실시하기전에조 332 Copyright 2016 HSST

5 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.6, June (2016) 사한자기효능감대인관계수행태도의동질성검증의특성은유의한차이를보이지않아동질한것으로확인되었다저소득층가정의부모의일반적특성은전체명중세세가로가장많았고학력은고졸이로대다수를차지하였다이상의일반적특성에서실험군과대조군간에통계적으로유의한차이가없어두집단은동질한것으로확인되었다 표 일반적특성의동질성 가설검정 제가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다자기효능감점수가높을것이다프로그램실시전후의자기효능감점수의차이검증에서실험군과대조군간에유의한차이가나타나가설은지지되었다제가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다대인관계점수가높을것이다프로그램실시전후의자기효능감점수의차이검증에서실험군과대조군간에유의한차이가나타나가설은지지되었다제가설임파워먼트프로그램을적용한실험군은대조군보다수행태도점수가높을것이다프로그램실시전후의자기효능감점수의차이검증에서실험군과대조군간에유의한차이가나타나가설은지지되었다 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 333

6 표 임파워먼트프로그램전후자기효능감대인관계능력과수행태도의비교 논의 본연구는저소득층부모에게임파워먼트프로그램을주간회제공한후부모의자기효능감대인관계능력과수행태도에미치는효과를확인하기위해시행하였다본연구결과를요약하고논의하면다음과같다우선저소득층부모에게임파워먼트프로그램을중재한후에실험군의자기효능감대인관계능력과수행태도가대조군에비해통계적으로유의하게상승하였다이러한결과는저소득층부모를대상으로동일프로그램을적용한연구가없어서비교에제한점이있으나만성정신질환자를대상으로주간회의임파워먼트프로그램을실시한후자기효능감과대인관계가증가한결과와유사하였다또한주간의임파워먼트프로그램이정신질환자의대인관계와임파워먼트를향상시켰다는연구집단토의와전문가의정보제공으로이루어진임파워먼트프로그램이에이즈감염여성간의감정적결속과동료관계형성에도움을주었다는연구결과와일치하여임파워먼트프로그램이자기효능감과대인관계능력에적합한중재전략인것으로나타났다본연구중재는저소득층부모들을대상으로하여동질성을가진그룹끼리모일수있어서임파워먼트프로그램적용으로명이개의소그룹으로구성되어회기가진행되면서구성원들의친밀감과결속력은증가하여중재효과를더욱높일수있었던것으로보인다그러므로소그룹의적극적인그룹토의와비슷한상황인사람들과의의사소통을통해문제를해결할수있었던본연구는임파워먼트프로그램의중재전략으로서간호의실천영역에서간호사들의역할확대를이루었다는데의의가크다고할수있다 결론및제언 본연구에서개발된저소득층가정의부모를위한임파워먼트프로그램은저소득층부모의자기효능감대인관계능력과수행태도를향상시켜결과적으로저소득층부모의임파워먼트를강화시키고삶의질을증진시키기에적합한중재전략인것으로나타났다본연구결과를토대로다음과같은제언을하고자한다첫째본연구의대상자선정과정에서저소득층부모를특성으로하는대상자를구하는데어려움 334 Copyright 2016 HSST

7 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.6, June (2016) 이있어편의추출을하였으나시와군단위에서무작위로배정하여효과를검증하는추후연구를제안 한다 둘째저소득층부모임파워먼트프로그램을지역센터에서정규프로그램과정으로실시하여효과를 확인할것을제안한다 셋째저소득층부모에게제공하는프로그램교육기간을다양화하여 주 주의임파워먼트프로 그램의효과를검증하는추후연구를제안한다 References [1] H. G. Im, S. A. Cho, and J. M. Kim, Current status of beneficiary of basic standard of living on Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2014), pp [2] A. N, Kim, Effects of propensity as adult children on self-esteem of low-income families. Catholic University, Seoul (2013) [3] S. M. Nam, The meaning of comprehensive childcare service for low-income parents and children. Pai Chai University, Daejeon (2012) [4] M. S. Yoon, An investigation of mental health and rehabilitation. Korean Academy of Social Welfare. (2001), Vol.2001, No.10, pp [5] H. M. Yoon, Effects of economic strain and family conflict on children's adjustment : Focused on interaction effects of children's stress and coping strategies. Korean Journal of Social Welfare. (2005), Vol.57, No.3, pp [6] E. K. Moon, The home environment and problematic behavior of low-income children. Chungbuk University, Chunhju, (2006) [7] A. S. Jung, The effects of family and peer relationships on depression and antisocial behaviors of urban children in poverty. Yonsei University, Seoul (2003) [8] S. H. Park, The relationship of home environment and adjustment of school on elementary school children. Education Review. (1995), Vol.24, pp [9] H. Swadi, Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use, drug and alcohol dependence. (1999), Vol.55, pp [10] M.S. Kim, A. J. Joe, H. O. Bae, H. S. Choi, M. Hong, and H. J. Kim, Child poverty in Korea and measures for the support of children living in poverty. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Seoul (2007) [11] C. Crosson-Tower, Exploring child welfare: A practice perspective. Allyn and Bacon. Needham Heights, MA (2008) [12] H. S. Park, E. J. Jung and I. H. Gu, Adult-role burdens and socio-emotional development of children in poverty. Korean Acad Social Welfare. (2006), Vol.58, No.2, pp [13] S.H. Lim, The Effect of long-term poverty on children`s academic attainment-focusing on attachment.. Korean J Social Welfare studies. (2007), Vol.31, pp [14] H. S, Kim, Effects of environmental systems on childhood delinquency in low-income families. Yonsei University, Seoul (2004) [15] S. H. Nam, Y. H. Kim, Mother's psychological factors and young children's internalizing & externalizing malbehaviors. Family and Environment Research. (2000), Vol.38, No.10, pp [16] N. Van Den Bergh and L. Cooper, Feminist viosins for social work, silver spring. National association of ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 335

8 social workers. (1986) [17] L. H. Saples, Powerful ideas about empowerment. administration in social work. (1990), Vol.14. [18] B. B. Solomon, Black empowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. Columbia University Press, (1976) [19] M. J. Kim, J. H. Lee, Development of empowerment program for persons with chronic mental illness and evaluation of impact. J Korean Acad Nurs. (2015), Vol. 45, No.6, pp [20] S. J. Yang, The effects of an empowerment program on empowerment, self-efficacy, and interpersonal relationships for persons with mental illness, Catholis University of Daegu, Daegu (2009) [21] V. Jirapaet, Effects of an Empowerment Program on Coping, Quality of life, and Maternal role Adaptation of Thai-HIV-Infected mothers. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. (2000), Vol.11, No.4, pp Copyright 2016 HSST

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인문사회과학기술융합학회 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.5, No.4, August (2015), pp.631-648 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.08.77 보육의 위기적 현상과 재난안전관리의 문제점 조망