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1 V D T,,,,, = b s tra ct = hang e on Lens c commodat i on and Pupi l Li ght r e f l ex i n VDT works Euna Kim, Ya ng ho Kim, Yo ung w o o J in, ha ng ho ha i Yo ng hy u ho i, Yo ung - Ha ha n Mo o n I nd us t r ia l H e a lth R e s ea r ch I ns t it ut e K or ea I nd us t r ia l S af e ty orp ora t ion W e stu died on ch ang e of len s accom m odation and pupil light r eflex cau sed by VDT w ork in six w om en and compared them w ith those of oth er office w ork s. T he result s w ere as follow s. 1. In VDT w ork group, the accomm odation contraction v elocity decreased during the first 2- hr VDT task, then recov ered m arkedly by the end of the one - h our lunch break, an d th en decr eased again by the end of the 2n d 2- hr VDT t ask. h ang es of relax ation v elocity sh ow ed sim ilar pattern although it w as less typical th an that of contr action v elocity. 2. T here w as no m arked chan ge in accomm odation contraction v elocity and amplitude of accomm odation in general office w ork group an d near - distan ce office w ork group, an d in the n ear - distance office w ork accomm odation relax ation v elocity decrea sed according to w ork load w ith out recov ery after lun ch break. 3. Initial pupil diam et er, initial pupil ar ea of light r eflex decr eased significantly durin g VDT task only in VDT w ork group, an d didn 't recov er after lun ch break. T hese result s sug gest pos sibility th at chan ges of accomm odation contraction v elocity, accomm odation relax ation v elocity, n ear point distance, and pupil diam eter an d area are u seful in ev alu ating characteristics of VDT w ork. F or this, m ore research adju sted in dividu al differences, circadian rhythm, em otional stress n eeds K ey w or d s : ccommodation v elocity, Pupil light reflex, VDT w ork s, N ear point distan ce, amplitude of accomm odation

2 I. VDT,,, (Zen z, 1994)., VDT,,,, (Rom, 1992). VDT, (W H O, 1987). (T aptag apornsaito, 1990), (M oses, 1970). VDT,,,, F F,,,, EEG, VDT, (Nishiy am a, 1990). VDT, VDT (Nym an, 1985; H edm anriem, 1984), VDT, (SaitoT aptagaporn, 1991; GurrRon, 1992; Saito, 1991, 1994; Murata 1996), (SaitoT aptagaporn, 1991; Saito, 1991, 1994)., (Rose, 1987), Kum ashiro (1984) VDT. 1980VDT VDT. VDT, VDT (, 1989;, 1989, 1990;, 1994)., VDT (, 1991), (, 1991)VDT (, 1991), VDT

3 . VDT, VDT (,, ) (, ), VDT, VDT VDT. II. 6, ,,,.., , VDT, VDT, 21, Lx VDT 180Lx. VDT (positiv e presentation ) RT, 1:14 550lx 4. 8, 120,. 200,. 161) 2)1 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1 6) 2. ccomm odom eter (M odel : Nidek )

4 . ccomm odom eterrefractom eter mode,,. ccomm odom eter, D/ s55. 5., ccomm odom eterrefractom eter mode 0.5D, (Nidec o. LT D., 1991). ccomm odom eter ( 1). 15, (V alid Graph ) 5, (V alid Graph ). ccomm odometer,,,,. Diopter ( 1, ). Diopter/ sec( 1), Diopter/ sec( 1 ), ( 1). (Diopter ) 1 ccommodometer st ep mode

5 Iriscorder (M odel H am at su 2514)T V, Iriscorder. 3,.,,, Latency, 50%, 100%,,,. ( 2), ( 2). ( 2), ( 2). Laten cy 50%, 100% ( 2,, ), 63% ( 2). 0.63(- ) () 2 Iriscoder Latency 50% 100% P S S V ,, (Gen eralized Linear M odel).

6 . III (1). 3, 4. VDT,. (p < 0.05) 1 (T 2) 2 (T 3). (p< 0.05) VDT (T 1) 2 (T 3), (T 4)2 (T 6), (p < 0.05). (1). VDT, (p< 0.05). (p< 0.05) VDT (T 4)1 (T 5), (p < 0.05).. (P < 0.05) (1).

7 1. () T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 * * (Diopter/ sec) (Diopt er ) * * (Diopt er/ sec) (Diopt er ) * * * , ;, VDT ;, T 1, ; T 2, 1 ; T 3, 2 T 4, 1; T 5, 1 ; T 6, 2 * P <0.05, ; ** P <0.05, P <0.05, ; P <0.05, 1 VDT 12,.. (P < 0.05) (2). VDT 1 (p< 0.05). 2(T 6). (p< 0.05) VDT (T 1) 2 (T 3), (T 4)2 (T 6), (p< 0.05)

8 .,,,,,. Latency, 50%, 100%,,,. 2. () ** (mm ) (mm ) (mm ) ** (mm 2 ) Latency (m sec) 50% (m sec) 100% (m sec) (m sec) (mm/ sec ) (mm/ sec ) * * * T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T , ;, VDT ;, T 1, ; T 2, 1 ; T 3, 2 T 4, 1; T 5, 1 ; T 6, 2 * P <0.05, ; ** P <0.05, P <0.05, ; P < 0.05, 1

9 IV. W H O (1990), VDT,. 20,. VDT 1, VDT., VDT. Saito (1991, 1994)5 4VDT ccomm odometer.. 7VDT VDT (Kum asiro, 1984). VDT, VDT (W H O, 1987). VDT. T akeda (1988)( ), 6 26, 8 2,., ( 9) ( 1)(P < 0.05), (P < 0.05) T akeda (1988)

10 ., VDT, Saito (1991, 1994)Hirose (1991)., Saito (1991, 1994).,,,,,,, (Gran djean, 1988). VDT. VDT (W H O, 1987),,., VDT. VDT VDT. V VDT.. 1. VDT 1., VDT. 2. VDT,. 3., VDT.,, VDT

11 ,,,. VI.,,. VDT. 1991; 30(4): 89-94,, ; 30(2): 53-57,. Visu al Display T ermin al,, 1991; 44(3): ,, ; 3: 92-97,.. 94,, 1994, 51-78,,., I ; 1(2): ,,., II ; 1(2): ,,., III ; 2(1):44-49 arry LJ. review of NIOSH ' s VDT Studies and recommendation s. NIOSH Publication s on Video Display T ermin als 1991: Gran djean E. F itting th e ta sk to the M an, 4th ed. Lon don, T aylor & Fran cis Ltd., 1988, pp Gurr S, Ron S. ontr ast sen sitiv ity and the n ear point of accomm odation aft er w ork w ith v isu al display unit. Isr J M ed Sci 1992; 28: Lie I, W atten RG. VDT w ork, occulom otor strain, an d subjectiv e complaint s and ex perim ental and clinical stu dy. Ergonomics 1994; 37 (8): H edman LR, riem V. Short - term chan ges in ey estrain of VDU u ser as a function of ag e. Human factor s 1984 ; 26: Hirose N, kiy a S, Saito Sh, T aptagaporn S, Saito S. Pupillary fatigue cau sed by VDT oper ation. Pr ocessin g of Japanese ssociation of In du strial Hy gien e (in Japan ese) 1991: 153 Kuma shiro M, Mik ami K, H aseg aw a T. Effect of visu al and m ental strain on VDT

12 perform ance. Japanese Journal of Indu strial H ealth 1984; 26: M oses R. 1970, dler ' s Phy siology of th e ey e, St Luis, T h e. V. M osby ompany, 1970, pp , Murata K, raki S, Yok oy am a K, Yam ashita K, Okum at su T, Sakou S. ccumulation of VDT W ork - related Visual F atigu e assessed by Visu al Ev oked Potential, N ear point distance an d ritical F licker fu sion. Ind H ealth 1996; 34: Nidek accommodom eter M odel operator ' s m anu al, Nidek O. LT D, 1991 Nishiy am a K. Erg on omic aspect s of the h ealth and safety of VDT w ork in Japan : a review. Erg on omics 1990; 33 (6): Nym an KG, Knab e G, Voss M. W ork w ith Video Display am ong office Employ es IV. Refraction, ccom m odation, onv erg en ce an d inocular Vision. S cand Jr W ork and H ealth 1985; 11(6): Osberg O. ccomm odation an d visual fatigue in display w ork, Ergonomic spects of Visu al T ermin als, London, T aylor & F rancis Ltd., 1980 pp Rom W N. Environm ental and Occupation al M edicine, 2n d ed. oston, Little row n and ompany, 1992, pp Rose L. W orkplace Video Display T erminals an d Visu al F atigu e. J Occup M ed 1987; 29 (4): Saito S, T aptagaporn S. Pupillary reflex es and accomm odation as phy siological indices of v isu al du e to VDT operation. Hum an aspect s in computin g 1991; Saito S. Does fatigu e ex ist in a quantitativ e m easurem ent of ey e m ov ement s? Ergonomics 1992; 35 (5/ 6): Saito Su, Sotoy am a M, Saito Sh, T aptagaporn S. Phy siologic In dices of Visual F atigue due to VDT Operation : Pupillary Reflex es an d ccomm odativ e Respon ses. In du strial H ealth 1994; 32: Saito S, T aptagaporn S, Salv endy G. Visual omfort in u sin g different VDT Screen s. International Journal of Hum an - omputer Interaction 1993; 5 (4): T akeda T, Ö sberg O, F ukui Y, Iida T. Dynamic accomm odation measurement s for objectiv e a sses sm ent of ey estrain an d v isu al fatigue. J. Human Ergol 1988; 17:21-35 T aptagaporn S, Saito S. naly sis of pupil m ov em ent s for ergonomic ev alu ation of visual environment s. 6th Symposium on Hum an Interface 1990: W H O. Visu al display term inals an d w orker s ' health. Gen ev a, 1987, pp Zen z. Occupation al M edicin e, 3rd ed. hicago, M osby - Year ook Inc., 1994, pp

a16.PDF

a16.PDF ,,,, A B S T RA CT A S t u dy on S erv ic e Ch ara ct eri s t ic s of D ire c t ors of H e alt h Cen t ers in K ore a T his stu dy h as attempted to show general characteristics of health centre director