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1 KINAC Experience of Nuclear Security Culture Jeong-ho Lee

2 Contents 01 Background 02 Commitment to NSC (Nuclear Security Culture) 03 Framework of Korean NSC 04 Nuclear Security Education / Training 05 Nuclear Security Awareness / Index 06 Future Works 07 Closing Remarks

3 Background High Accident Rate Caused by? Old Airplane? Bad Culture? 3

4 Background International Actions and Efforts Amendment to CPPNM, Fundamental Principle F Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources Nuclear Security Summit 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 IAEA NSS No.7 (Nuclear Security Culture) Challenges in Nuclear Security Human Factors Insider Threat, Trustworthiness, etc. Korean Nuclear Safety Culture: Since

5 Commitment to NSC Technical Workshop on NSC (Sep. and Nov. 2013) Establish NSC National Implementing Guide 5

6 Commitment to NSC (Cont.) Regional Workshop on NSC (Dec. 2013) Share Information & Strengthen Cooperation for NSC 6 6

7 Basic Concept of Korean NSC Culture is NOT Regulated But, Highly Recommended and should be Cultivated Establish & Implement Policy and Guidelines for Nuclear Security Culture Encourage All Stakeholders to Participate in Nuclear Security Culture Assess & Evaluate Level of NSC Awareness Strengthen Training and Education 7

8 Framework of Korean NSC National NSC Policy Organizational NSC Policy Action Plans Declaration Plan Plan Implementation Operation Education & Training Maintenance NS Awareness Survey Maintenance National Implementing Guide 8

9 National Implementing Guide Nuclear Security Culture Implementing Guide National NSC Policy Organizational NSC Policy Action Plans Implementation Introduction - Background, Objective, Scope, Structure Concept of Nuclear Security Culture - Definition - Human Factor and Leadership - Interactions between Safety Culture and Security Culture Implementing Guide - State, Organizations, Managers and Staffs Education & Training NS Awareness Survey National Implementing Guide 9

10 National Implementing Guide 10

11 National Implementing Guide (Cont.) Fundamental Security Environment Security Policy Statement Management Structures Resources Management Self-assessment and Improvement Strict and Prudent Approach Observation and Report Prompt Reaction State Organizations Managers in Organizations Attitudes of Individuals Distribution of Responsibility Information Security Definition of Responsibilities Practices Management Qualifications and Training Motivation Performance Enhancement 11

12 Policy at Organization Level Policy statements - All Organizations Established each Policy Statement based on the National Implementing Guide National NSC Policy Organizational NSC Policy Action Plans Implementation Education & Training NS Awareness Survey [KHNP] [KAERI] [KNF] 12

13 Action Plans at Organization Level Action plans at Organization Level - Every Organizations Established each Action Plan based on Its Own Policy Statement National NSC Policy Organizational NSC Policy Action Plans Implementation Education & Training NS Awareness Survey [KHNP] [KAERI] [KNF] 13

14 Nuclear Security Training Physical Protection Course for Facility Operators Training Goals - Recognizing the importance of physical protection (PP) - Enhancing national nuclear security culture - Improving performance of PP personnel Legal Base - Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency Requiring training for facility operators since 2012 National Policy Organizational Policy Action Plans Implementation Training and Exercise Evaluation of Awareness Level - Regulations on Physical Protection Training Requiring nuclear security training for all facility operators Requiring training service providers for PP personnel to be authorized 14

15 Nuclear Security Training Physical Protection Course for Facility Operators Legal Base - Training Requirement Target Audience Training Hours Training Provider All Facility Operators (except PP Personnel) 2 hours or more / yr Operators Facilities PP Personnel Initial Refresh 8 hours or more 4 hours or more / yr Institution designated by NSSC - KINAC Some part of hours can be substituted by remote training. PP Personnel - Managers / Guards / Management personnel / Technicians / CS personnel 15

16 Nuclear Security Education Physical Protection Course for Facility Operators Remote Training Modules (KINAC e-learning System) Type Basic Training Specialized Training Modules - Overview of Physical Protection - National Regulations on the Physical Protection - Response to Nuclear Security Event - Physical Protection during the Transport - Nuclear Security Culture - Design Basis Threat - PPS Design (I, II) - PPS Evaluation - PPS Element Detection (I, II) - PPS Element Delay - PPS Element Response 16

Nuclear Security Education Physical Protection Course for Facility Operators Training Topics (Generic + Job specific) - Security awareness - Security basics (e-leaning) CRT -

17 Nuclear Security Education Physical Protection Course for Facility Operators Training Topics (Generic + Job specific) - Security awareness - Security basics (e-leaning) CRT - Good practices - Lessons learned from security incidents Hands-on Ex. - Legal and regulatory requirements - Hands-on exercises using SETT - Professional development X-Ray CBT

18 Nuclear Security Exercise Objectives Verifying Operators Contingency Plans & Response Capabilities against DBT National Policy Organizational Policy Action Plans Implementation Training and Exercise Evaluation of Awareness Level Requirements Partial Scope Exercise: 2 times / yr Full Scope Exercise: 1 time / yr Exercise Plan, Result, and Self-Assessment - Prepared by Facility Operators - Submitted to Regulatory Authority Force-on-Force Exercise Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) - Using lasers and blank cartridges to simulate actual battle 18

19 Nuclear Security Exercise National Policy Organizational Policy Action Plans Implementation Training and Exercise Evaluation of Awareness Level 19

20 Survey on Nuclear Security Awareness NS Awareness Level Measured based on surveys since Organized by KINAC - Developed, Implemented and Analyzed by Consulting Firm (TEHNOVALUE) and University (SNU) National Policy Organizational Policy Action Plans Implementation Training and Exercise Evaluation of Awareness Level 2015 Survey - Target: KHNP (NPP Operator) - Respondents: 849 Persons (Managers and Employees) Emergency Planning Office, Nuclear Security Team, Security Guards, Cyber Security Team, HR Team, etc. - Questionnaires: 64 Questions - Method: On-line Survey - Period: Oct. 26~Nov. 6, 2015 (12 days) 20

21 Nuclear Security (Culture) Index How to measure Nuclear Security Culture! Conceptualize Key Elements of Nuclear Security OUTSIDE IN FACILITY 21

22 Survey on Nuclear Security Awareness Questionnaires Ref. NSS No.7 Belief & Attitude (7 Questions) Operation System (18 Questions) Leadership (22 Questions) Employee Behavior (9 Questions) 22

Survey on Nuclear Security Awareness Survey Results NS Awareness 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 64.1 70.0 80.0 80.7 84.9 85.3 Management Systems [84.8] 26.1% 2015 Survey Beliefs & Attitudes [86.

23 Survey on Nuclear Security Awareness Survey Results NS Awareness Management Systems [84.8] 26.1% 2015 Survey Beliefs & Attitudes [86.0] Leadership Behaviour [83.8] Manager [87.1] Employee [82.8] 47.0% 26.9% NS Awareness [85.3] Employee Behaviour [88.4] Identifying deficiencies i.e. Motivation in Leadership Behaviour Deducing causes and Creating action plans by facility oper. 23

24 Nuclear Security Workshop Seeking for Action Items based on Nuclear Security Awareness Survey 사업소명 개선과제 추진부서 : OOO 발전본부 : 내부직원에대한출입통제강화 : OOO 부서 추진프로세스및세부활동 추진단계 현출입통제 절차분석 내부규정및 지침개정 전직원대상 변경내용공유 방호종사자 교육시행 변경된출입통제 절차피드백 세부추진활동 ( 구체적으로 ) 내부직원동선분석 문제점도출 내부직원의견수렴 방호종사자의견수렴 핵안보보완교육실시 내부인트라넷개시 방호종사자교육 시범운영을통한보수교육실시 변경된출입통제실시 모니터링실시 규정및지침개정 규제기관승인요청및보고 타부서협력 기관외부협력 시기 ( 월 ) 24

25 Nuclear Security Workshop Seeking for Action Items based on Nuclear Security Awareness Survey 조직및인사제도와관련된문제 직원들이핵안보수준증진에기여한부분을적절하게인정 ( 보상, 인사고과반영, 칭찬등 ) 보상제도가제대로마련되지않음 보안관련부서는기피부서임 승진등의쿼터제도가없음 보상보다는처벌제도가많음 회사의주된목적이아님 핵심원인 중요성인식이부족함 핵안보를저해하는사안들에대해자유롭게보고 ( 또는신고 ) 할수있는창구및경로가마련 창구를잘모름 홍보가부족함 방호인력충원필요 업무가강화됨 규제가강화됨 업무에대한분석이부정확함 직원들이핵안보수준증진을위한다양한제안을할수있도록장려 관심이부족함

26 Future Works Nuclear Security Policy Statement Survey on Nuclear Security Awareness In-depth Analysis with Focus Group Interview Feedback to Nuclear Security Policy Self-assessment Framework of NSC Localization Based on IAEA Guideline Development of Nuclear Security Culture Index 26

27 Closing Remarks 27

28 Closing Remarks 28

29 Thank you

F1-1(수정).ppt

F1-1(수정).ppt , thcho@kisaorkr IPAK (Information Protection Assessment Kit) IAM (INFOSEC Assessment Methodology) 4 VAF (Vulnerability Assessment Framework) 5 OCTAVE (Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability